School of Engineering Sciences

Mahindra cole Centrale.

EE 102 - Electronics Lab
Experiment 2
OP-AMP BASED INVERTING, NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIERS
AND VOLTAGE FOLLOWER
Remember that in an ideal op-amp V+ - V- = 0 and that the currents into +
and terminals are zero. For first order analysis of circuits using practical
op-amp also it is assumed that the same conditions are applicable to the
practical op-amp as the open loop gain is sufficiently large.
INVERTING AMPLIFIER
The inverting amplifier shown in Fig 1 provides a constant inverting gain
given by almost independent of the op-amp characteristics over a large
frequency band.
=

However the Gain-Bandwidth Product (GBP) at any gain is constant equal

to the GBP of the open loop op-amp, equal to 1 MHz for 741.

Inverting Amplifier

Steps:

Connect power supply (+12V, -12V) to pin nos. 7 & 4.

Set the signal generator to put out a sine wave of 1 Vpp at

1 KHz and connect it through a resistor Rin =1k at pin 2.

Connect resistor RF = 10K between Pin 2 and Pin 6.

Connect Pin 3 to ground.
Connect the input to Ch. # 1 and output at pin 6 to Ch. #2
of DSO and operate the DSO in dual channel mode.
Set the input sinewave voltage to 1 Vpp and observe the
output voltage. Note the voltage gain.
Increase the input voltage and observe that the output
voltage linearly increases with gain remaining constant
with negligible visible distortion but the output starts
getting saturated beyond some value of input voltage
indicating the range of distortionless output. Plot Output
Voltage vs Input Voltage.
With input sinusoidal voltage of 1 Vpp, change the input
frequency from 10 HZ to 1 MHZ in steps of 10X and note
the output voltages and voltage gains.
Now change the value of RF to 20K and note down the
output voltages and voltage gains for frequencies over 10
HZ to 1 MHz.
Plot the Gain in dB (20log G) vs log fHZ for the two values of
RF. Calculate GBP for both cases.

Non-Inverting Amplifier
In the Non-Inverting Amplifier configuration, the input
signal, (Vin) is applied directly to the Non-inverting (+) input
terminal. The output gain of the amplifier becomes "Positive"
in value, in contrast to the "Inverting Amplifier" circuit whose
gain is negative.

Non-Inverting Amplifier

Applying Kirchhoffs Current law at, node connecting R2 and RF,

and using virtual ground concept, gain can be calculated as:
=

=1+

Steps:

Connect the regulated power supply (+12V, -12V) IC to the

IC pin nos. 7 and 4.

Connect Resistor R2 = 1 K between Pin 2 and ground.

Connect Resistor RF = 2 K between Pin 2 and Pin 6.

Connect the input to pin no. 3 and ground.

Observe the input (pin 3) on Ch.#1 and output (pin 6) on

Ch.# 2 of DSO, operating the DSO in dual mode.

Set the input sinewave voltage to 1 Vpp and observe the

output voltage. Note the voltage gain.

Increase the input voltage and observe that the output

voltage linearly increases with gain remaining constant with
negligible visible distortion but the output starts getting
saturated beyond some value of input voltage indicating the
range of distortionless output. Plot Output Voltage vs Input
Voltage.

With input sinusoidal voltage of 1 Vpp, change the input

frequency from 10 HZ to 1 MHZ in steps of 10X and note
the output voltages and voltage gains.

Now change the value of RF to 10K and note down the

output voltages and voltage gains for frequencies over 10
HZ to 1 MHz.

Plot the Gain in dB (20log G) vs log(fHZ) for the two values of

RF. Calculate GBP for both cases.

Voltage Follower (Unity Gain Buffer)

If the feedback resistor, RF is made 0, then the circuit will have a
fixed gain of "1". This configuration is known as the Voltage
Follower. As the input signal is connected directly to the noninverting input, the output signal is not inverted and the output
voltage becomes equal to input voltage, Vout = Vin. This makes
the Voltage Follower circuit as an ideal Unity Gain Buffer.
Because of its isolation properties, for some applications, Unity
Gain Buffer is more important than amplification.

Unity Gain Amplifier

With RF= 0, the gain G becomes

=

=1

Steps:

Connect the regulated power supply (+12V, -12V) IC to the

IC pin nos. 7 and 4.

Connect a wire between Pin 2 and Pin 6.

Apply a 1 Vpp sinusoidal signal to Non-inverting terminal,

Pin 3.

Connect the input to Ch,# 1, and output (Pin 6) to Ch.# 2 of

DSO, and operate the DSO in dual mode.

Change the frequency of the sinewave from 10Hz to 20 MHz

in steps of 10X and plot the frequency response.

What is the 3 dB frequency and GBP. Check with the unity

gain bandwidth of 741 which is 1 MHz.