End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

CALCULATION SHEET

Job

Joints in Steel Construction Simple Joints

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section

column using Blind Bolts

Client

Blind Bolts

Calcs by CZK

Checked by DGB

Date

Sheet 1 of 11

December 2013

DESIGN EXAMPLE 4
Check the following beam to hollow section column joint for the design forces shown using
Blind Bolts to the column.
In this example the tie force is less than the shear force.
The connections should be checked independently for shear forces and tying forces and not for
both forces acting at the same time.

250 x 250 x 12.5 SHS

Grade S355
40

40

90

90
70
70
70

200 kN
Tying force

70
70
70
70
70

40
406 x 178 x 74 UKB
Grade S275

10

553 x 210 92 UKB

Grade S275

550 kN

90

140

150 x 10 partial depth

end plate, S275

Design Information:
Bolts:
Welds:
Column:
Beams:
End plates:

40

12

340 kN

275 kN
Tying force

200 x 12 partial depth

end plate, S275

Blind Bolts

M20 Blind Bolts

6 mm leg length fillet welds
S355
S275
S275

This worked example should be read in conjunction with P358: Joints in Steel Construction:
Simple Joints to Eurocode 3

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plates Beam to hollow section column using
Blind Bolts

Sheet 2 of 11

CONNECTION DESIGN USING RESISTANCE TABLES

250 x 250 x 12.5 SHS

Grade S355
40

40
90

90

200 kN
Tying force

70
70
70

70
70
70
70
70

40
406 x 178 x 74 UKB
Grade S275

10

340 kN

12

275 kN
Tying force

40
553 x 210 92 UKB
Grade S275

550 kN

Although the connection resistance tables are based on ordinary bolts, they may be used to
determine the vertical shear resistance of connections with Blind Bolts, because bolt shear
resistance is generally not critical. The tables for ordinary bolts cannot be used to determine
the connection tying resistance, as the bolt tension resistance has a significant influence on
the tying resistance of the connection.
406 178 74 UKB, S275

533 210 92 UKB, S275

End plate, 150 10 S275

Welds 6 mm fillet
Bolts M20
Bolts at 90 cross centres

End plate, 200 12 S275

Welds 6 mm fillet
Bolts M20
Bolts at 140 cross centres

4 rows of bolts

6 rows of bolts

From Resistance Table G.4:

Connection shear resistance
= 394 kN > 340 kN

From Resistance Table G.4

Connection shear resistance
= 621 kN > 550 kN

Minimum support thickness in S355

= 3.2 mm < 12.5 mm

Minimum support thickness in S355

= 3.4 mm < 12.5 mm

Connection tying resistance

Table cannot be used

Connection tying resistance

Table cannot be used

Note:
(1)
(2)

For connections using Blind Bolts, the tying resistance of the connection is the least of the
values obtained from Checks 11, 12 & 13.
The hollow section wall must also be checked as shown in Check 15.

Table G.4

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section column using
Blind Bolts

Sheet 3 of 11

SUMMARY OF FULL DESIGN CHECKS FOR EXAMPLE 4a

Notes:
(1)
(2)

Checks 1 to 4 and 9 are as shown in Example 1.

Tying forces are ignored when checking the shear resistance and shear is ignored calculating the tying
resistance.
SHS Column, S355

Sheet
No.

406 UKB (S275) 533 UKB (S275) 406 UKB Side

CHECK

Resist

Design
force

Check 1
Recommended detailing practice
Check 2
Supported beam
Welds (kN)

Resist

Full strength welds adopted

Not critical

10

10

Shear
resistance
(kN)

394

340

621

Resist

Not applicable

550

Not applicable

Check 8
Connection
Bolt group

Bolt group
(kN)

487

340

731

550

Not applicable

Check 9
Connection
End plate in shear

Shear
resistance
(kN)

691

340

1195

550

Not applicable

Check 10
Supporting column
Shear and bearing

Shear and
Bearing
resistance
(kN)

Not applicable

823

170

1196

Check 11
Tying resistance
Plates and bolts

Tension
(kN)

323

200

390

275

Not applicable

Check 12
Structural Integrity
Supported beam web

Tension
(kN)

1027

200

1619

275

Not applicable

Check 13
Structural Integrity
Welds

Tension
(kN)

Full strength welds adopted

not critical

Not applicable

Check 15
Structural Integrity
Supporting column wall

Design
force

Not applicable

275

Not applicable

Check 14
11

Design
force

Not applicable

Checks 5, 6, 7
4

Resist

All recommendations adopted

Check 3
Check 4
Supported beam
Web in shear

Design
force

533 UKB Side

Tension
(kN)

Not applicable

431

200

850

275

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section column using
Sheet 4
Blind Bolts

of 11

CONNECTION DESIGN FOLLOWING THE DESIGN PROCEDURES

Check 8: Connection Bolt group
Basic requirement:

VEd

FRd

The resistance of the bolt group, FRd , is as follows:

If Fb,Rd 0.8Fv,Rd

then

FRd nF b,Rd

if F b,Rd 0.8 F v,Rd

then

FRd 0.8 nF v,Rd

Shear resistance of a single bolt. For M20 Blind Bolts:

Conservatively asume the shear plane is over the slot:
Fv,Rd
= Fv,Rd,slot = 76.1 kN
Bearing resistance of a single bolt:
= min(Fb,Rd,p; Fb,Rd,2)
Fb,Rd
Fb,Rd,p

Fb,Rd,2

Table G.62

k 1,p b,p f u,p dt p

M2
k 1,2 b,2 f u,2 dt 2

M2

406 178 74 UKB, S275

406 x 178 x 74 UKB

e1 = 40
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70

250 x 250 x 12.5 SHS

340 kN
Since plate is 150 mm wide and p3 = 90 mm then: e2 = 30 mm
For an M20 Blind Bolt: d = 20 mm d0 = 22 mm fu,b = 1000 N/mm2
Bearing on the end plate:
k1,p

= min 2.8

e2
d0

30

22

= min 2.8

b,p

1 .7 ; 1 .4

p3
d0

1 .7 ; 1 . 4

1 .7 ;
90
22

2 .5

1. 7 ;

2.5 = min 2.1; 4.0 ;

2.5 = 2.1

70
1000
p1

40
1 f ub
;
0.25;
; 1.0
;
; 1.0 = min
= min 1 ;

410

3 22 3 22
3 d 0 3 d 0 4 f u,p

= min0.61; 0.81; 2.44; 1.0 = 0.61

Fb,Rd,p

Appendix F

2.1 0.61 410 20 10

1.25

10 3 = 84.0 kN

fu,p from
Table 7 of
EN 10025-2

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section column using
Blind Bolts

Sheet 5 of 11

Bearing on the supporting column:

Since the hollow section wall is 12.5 mm thick and S355, clearly the end plate is critical.
Therefore can be assumed that:
> Fb,Rd,p
Fb,Rd,2
= min(Fb,Rd,p; Fb,Rd,2) = 84.0 kN
Fb,Rd
0.8Fv,Rd

= 0.8 76.1 = 60.9 kN

Fb,Rd

= 84.0 kN > 60.9 kN

FRd

= 0.8 nF v,Rd = 0.8 8 76.1 = 487 kN

VEd

= 340 kN < 487 kN

O.K.

533 210 92 UKB, S275

533 x 210 x 92 UKB

e1 = 40
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70

250 x 250 x 12.5 SHS

550 kN
Since plate is 200 mm wide and p3 = 140 mm then: e2 = 30 mm
Bearing on the end plate:
k1,p

= min 2.8

e2
d0

30

22

= min 2.8

b,p

1 .7 ; 1 . 4

p3
d0

1 .7 ; 1 .4

1 .7 ;

2 .5

1.7 ; 2.5 = min 2.1; 7.2 ; 2.5

22

140

= 2.1

p1
70
1000
1 f ub
40

;
; 1.0 = min
= min 1 ;
;
0.25;
; 1.0

3
3
4
d
d
f
3

22
3

22
410
0
0
u,p

= min0.61; 0.81; 2.44; 1.0 = 0.61

Fb,Rd,p

2.1 0.61 410 20 12

1.25

10 3 = 100.8 kN

Bearing on the supporting column:

Since the hollow section wall is 12.5 mm thick and S355, clearly the end plate is critical.
Therefore can be assumed that:
> Fb,Rd,p
Fb,Rd,2
= min(Fb,Rd,p; Fb,Rd,2) = 100.8 kN
Fb,Rd
0.8Fv,Rd

= 0.8 76.1 = 60.9 kN

Fb,Rd

= 100.8 kN > 60.9 kN

FRd

= 0.8 nF v,Rd = 0.8 12 76.1 = 731 kN

VEd

= 550 kN < 731 kN

O.K.

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section column using
Sheet 6
Blind Bolts

of 11

Check 10: Supporting column Shear and bearing

Local shear and bearing resistance of the hollow section column wall
(i) Shear:
V Ed

Basic requirement:
VRd,min

VRd,min

A v,net f u,2

3 M2

A v f y,2
;

3 M0

= min

406 178 74 UKB, S275

Critical sections

90
p3

wall thickness
t 2 = 12.5 mm

VEd VEd
= 170 kN
2
2
Shear area of gross section: Av

p3

= min e 1,b ;

eb

= t2 (et + (n1 1)p1 + eb)

5 d

Since the connection is not near the bottom of the column e1,b is not applicable.
p3

90
5 d = min
;
2

eb

= min

et

= min e1,t ; 5d

5 20 = 45 mm

Since the connection is not near the top of the column e1,t is not applicable.
= 5 20 = 100 mm

et

Av
= 12.5 (100 + (4 1) 70 + 45) = 4438 mm2
t2 < 16 mm, hence fy,2 = 355 N/mm2
Therefore the resistance of the gross section is:

A v f y,2

3 M0

4438 355
3 1 .0

10 3 = 910 kN

Av,net = Av n1d0t2

Shear area of net section:

Av,net = 4438 4 22 12.5 = 3338 mm2

Therefore the resistance of the net section is:

A v,net f u,2
3 M2

3338 470
3 1. 1

fu,2 for S355

from Table A.3
of
EN 10210

10 3 = 823 kN

VRd,min = min 910 ; 823 = 823 kN

V Ed
2

= 170 kN < 823 kN

O.K.

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section column using
Blind Bolts

Sheet 7 of 11

533 210 92 UKB, S275

Shear area of gross section: Av = t2 (et + (n1 1)p1 + eb)

p3

= min e 1,b ;

eb

5 d

Since the connection is not near the bottom of the column e1,b is not applicable.
p3

140
5 d = min
;
2

eb

= min

et

= min e1,t ; 5d

5 20 = 70 mm

Since the connection is not near the top of column e1,t is not applicable.
= 5 20 = 100 mm

et

Av
= 12.5 (100 + (6 1) 70 + 70) = 6500 mm2
Therefore the resistance of the gross section is:

A v f y,2

3 M0

6500 355
3 1 .0

10 3 = 1332 kN

Av,net = Av n1d0t2

Shear area of net section:

Av,net = 6500 6 22 12.5 = 4850 mm2

Therefore the resistance of the net section is:

A v,net f u,2
3 M2

4850 470
3 1. 1

10 3 = 1196 kN

VRd,min = min 1332 ; 1196 = 1196 kN

V Ed
2

= 275 kN < 1196 kN

O.K.

(ii) Bearing resistance

Bearing resistance in the column wall will not be critical when compared to the bearing
resistance in the end plates (see Check 8).

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section column using
Sheet 8
Blind Bolts

of 11

Check 11: Tying resistance Plate and bolts

Resistance of end plate
FEd min(FRd,u,1; FRd,u,2; FRdu,3)

Basic requirement:

406 178 74 UKB, S275

e2 = 30
e1 = 40

l eff

p1= 70

200 kN

n1 rows

p3 = 90

Mode 1:
FRd,u,1

8 n 2 e w M pl,1,Rd,u
2 mn e w m n

l eff is the effective length of the equivalent T-stub = hp = 290 mm

2

Mpl,1,Rd,u

0.25 l eff t p f u,p

M,u

0.25 290 10 2 410

1 .1

10 6 = 2.7 kNm

a 2 is the weld leg length = 6 mm

p 3 t w,b1 2 0.8 a 2

90 9.5 2 0.8 6

ew

= min e 2 ; 1.25 m = min 30 ; 1.25 35.5 = 30 mm

FRd,u,1 =

2
dw
4

37
4

= 35.5 mm
dw from Table
G.66

= 9.25 mm

8 30 2 9.25 2.7 10 6 10 3
2 35.5 30 9.25 35.5 30

= 392 kN

Mode 2:
2 M pl,2,Rd,u nF t,Rd,u

FRd,u,2

Mpl,2,Rd,u
Ft,Rd,u

= Mpl,1,Rd,u = 2.7 kNm

= 65.7 kN

FRd,u,2

mn

Table G.63

2 2.7 10 30 8 65.7 10
35.5 30

10 3 = 323 kN

Mode 3:
FRd,u,3

= F t,Rd,u = 8 65.7 = 526 kN

min F Rd,u,1 ,

FEd

F Rd,u,2 ,

F Rd,u,3

min 392 ,

323 ;

526 = 323 kN

O.K.

= 200 kN < 323 kN

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section column using
Blind Bolts

Sheet 9 of 11

533 210 92 UKB, S275

e1 = 40
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70
p 1 = 70
e1 = 40

l eff

Mode 1:
FRd,u,1

275 kN
m

p3 = 140

8 n 2 e w M pl,1,Rd,u
2 mn e w m n

l eff is the effective length of the equivalent T-stub = hp = 430 mm

2

Mpl,1,Rd,u

0.25 l eff t p f u,p

M,u

0.25 430 12 2 410

1. 1

10 6 = 5.77 kNm

a 2 is the weld leg length = 6 mm

p 3 t w,b1 2 0.8 a 2

140 10.1 2 0.8 6

ew

= min e 2 ; 1.25 m = min 30 ; 1.25 60.15 = 30 mm

FRd,u,1 =

dw
4

37
4

= 60.15 mm
Table G.69

= 9.25 mm

8 30 2 9.25 5.77 10 6 10 3
2 60.15 30 9.25 60.15 30

= 461 kN

Mode 2:
2 M pl,2,Rd,u nF t,Rd,u

FRd,u,2

Mpl,2,Rd,u
Ft,Rd,u

= Mpl,1,Rd,u
= 65.7 kN

FRd,u,2

mn

= 5.77 kNm
Table G.63
6

2 5.77 10 30 12 65.7 10
60.15 30

10 3 = 390 kN

Mode 3:
FRd,u,3

= F t,Rd,u = 12 65.7 = 788 kN

min F Rd,u,1 ,

FEd

F Rd,u,2 ,

F Rd,u,3

min 461,

390 ;

788 = 390 kN

O.K.

= 275 kN < 390 kN

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section column using
Sheet 10 of 11
Blind Bolts

Check 12: Tying resistance Supported beam web

Resistance of the beam web
FEd FRd

Basic requirement:

406 178 74 UKB, S275

Effective
length
of web
hp

200 kN
n1 rows

p3 = 90

t w,b1 h p f u,b1

FEd

= 200 kN < 1027 kN

M,u

9.5 290 410

FRd

1 .1

10 3 = 1027 kN

O.K.

533 210 92 UKB, S275

275 kN
Effective
length
of web
hp

6 rows

p3 = 140

t w,b1 h p f u,b1

FRd

FEd

= 275 kN

M,u
<

10.1 430 410

1 .1

10 3 = 1619 kN

O.K.

1619 kN

Check 13: Tying resistance Welds

Basic requirement: a 0.40 tw,b1
406 178 74 UKB, S275
Throat thickness:
a

= 4.24 mm

0.40 tw,b1 = 0.40 9.5 = 3.8 mm

a
= 4.24 mm 3.8 mm

O.K.

533 210 92 UKB, S275

Throat thickness:
a

6
2

= 4.24 mm

0.40 tw,b1 = 0.40 10.1 = 4.04 mm

a
= 4.24 mm 4.04 mm

O.K.

10

End plates Worked examples with partial depth end plate Example 4a

Title

Example 4a Partial depth end plate Beam to hollow section column using
Blind Bolts

Sheet 11 of 11

Check 15: Tying resistance Supporting column wall

Resistance of hollow section wall
Basic requirement:
FEd

FRd
8Mpl,Rd,u
0 .5
0 .5
FRd
=
1.51 1 1 1
1 1 1

Mpl,Rd,u

f u,c t 2

4 M,u

406 178 74 UKB, S275

b = 250
250 x 250 x 12.5 SHS
Grade S355
t w = 12.5
p1

p3 = 90 for 406 x 178 UKB

140 for 533 x 210 UKB

(n1 -1) p1

Tying Force

Mpl,Rd,u

470 12.5

4 1 .1
p3
b 3t 2
d0
b 3t 2

90

250 3 12.5
22

fu,c for S355

from Table A.3
of
EN 10210-1

10 3 = 16.7 kNm/mm

= 0.424
= 0.104

250 3 12.5
4
n
n 1 1 p 1 1 d 0 4 1 70 22
2
2
=
=
= 0.781
b 3t 2
250 3 12.5

8 16.7

FRd,u

FEd

= 200 kN

1 0.424

0.781 1.5 1 0.424

0 .5

1 0.104

0 .5

= 431 kN
O.K.

< 431 kN

533 210 92 UKB, S275

Mpl,Rd,u

470 12.5 2

10 3 = 16.7 kNm/mm

4 1 .1
p3
b 3t 2
d0
b 3t 2

=
=

140
250 3 12.5
22
250 3 12.5

n1

n 1 1 p 1

FRd,u

FEd

= 275 kN < 850 kN

b 3t 2
8 16.7

1 0.659

= 0.104

6 1 70 6 22

d0

= 0.659

2
250 3 12.5

1.34 1.5 1 0.659

0 .5

= 1.34

1 0.104

0 .5

= 850 kN
O.K.

11