In the Cloud

in the mist

Cloud Computing
--A China View
Nie Hua

Peking University Library

OCLC Asia Pacific Regional Council 2nd Membership Conference
September 67, 2010
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

 Why we talk about it?

Background & Trends
What is it?
Definitions & Features
What do we do with it?
Cloud Computing @ Libraries

Computing Paradigm:
Distributed computing, Parallel Computing and grid computing; even P2P

Via Google Search Trends

Via Google Search Trends

Forecasts: From Business Perspective

IDC: spending on IT cloud services will triple in the next 5
years, reaching $42 billion & capturing 25% of IT spending
growth in 2012 and nearly a third of growth the following year.
With the overall IT market spend being $383 billion, this kind
of growth validates that the opportunity deserves the
attention it is getting
--IDC 2008
Forrester: that cloud computing is one of the Top 15
Technology Trends and that it warrants investment now so you
can gain the experience necessary to take advantage of it in its
many forms to transform your organization into a more
efficient and responsive service provider to the business.
--Forrester Research, October 13, 2009

Forecast: From Technology Perspective

Peak of the
inflated
expectation
=

#1 Strategic Technology Area for 2010

Source: Gartners Hype Cycle for 2009

Major Players
Cloud Computing Services
Google

Cordys

Microsoft
Force.com

Amazon

IBM

MOSSO

 Why we talk about it?

Background & Trends
Good Luck!
What is it?
Definitions & Features
What do we do with it?
Cloud Computing @ Libraries

Anonymous: [] unfortunately the marketing guys got hold of the

term before the technicians had known what Cloud Computing is[]

What is cloud computing?

--Wikipedia Definition
Why it is called Cloud? --The term cloud is used as a metaphor
for the Internet, based on the cloud drawing used to depict the
Internet in computer network diagrams as an abstraction of the
underlying infrastructure it represents.
Cloud Computing: .... Internet- ("cloud-") based development and
use of computer technology ("computing"). In concept, it is a
paradigm shift whereby details are abstracted from the users who
no longer have need of, expertise in, or control over the technology
infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them. Cloud computing
describes a new supplement, consumption and delivery model for
IT services based on the Internet, and it typically involves the
provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources as
a service over the Internet.
Resource (all kinds of IT services over the Internet) as a service

What is cloud computing?

--Some more serious definitions
McKinsey: Clouds are hardware-based services offering
compute, network and storage capacity where: Hardware
management is highly abstracted from the buyer, Buyers incur
infrastructure costs as variable OPEX(operational expenditure),
and Infrastructure capacity is highly elastic
--Concept: hardware/infrastructure as a service
--Keywordsabstracted, elastic
FZI (Jens Nimis)Building on compute and storage virtualization,
cloud computing provides scalable, network-centric, abstracted
IT infrastructure, platforms, and applications as on-demand
services that are billed by consumption.
--Concept: Infrastructure, Platform and Applications (software)
as a services
--Keywordsscalable, network centric, abstracted, on-demand,
billed by consumption

SoA new way to play with computer

and Internet
Some Simplified Concepts to remember:
Cloud=Internet
Cloud Computing=Everything as a Service(XaaS)
Standard Layers:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)

Extra Layers:
Human as a Service
Administration/Business Support

More:
DaaS, VaaS,
IDaas, FWaaS,
HuaaS,
And more

7 types of Cloud Services

1. IaaS
XaaS
2. PaaS
3. SaaS
4. Cloud web service
5. MPS (Management Service Provider)
6. BSP (Business Service Platform)
7. Network Integration

IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service
or Utility Computing

To provide user computing resources and storage comprised

with many servers as an on-demand and pay per use service:
Data Center, Bandwidth, Private Line Access, Servers and Server
Room, Firewall, Storage space ..
Examples:
AmazonEC2 (ElasticComputeCloud)
Rackspace: cheaper than EC2 www.rackspace.com
China 21vianet www.21vianet.com

PaaS

: Platform as a Service

Bundles all stack components (hardware, infrastructure,

storage) together with database, security, workflow, user
interface, and other tools that allow users to create and host
powerful business applications, web sites, and mobile apps.
Examples
Sales forcehttp://www.force.com
800APP() http://www.800app.com

SaaS
SaaS

Software as a Service

A model of software deployment over the internet. Provider licenses an

application to customers as a service on demand, either through a time
subscription or a pay-as-you-go model.
SaaS allows vendors to develop, host and operate software for customer use.
Rather than purchase the hardware and software to run an application,
customers need only to download the application to run it.
SaaS deployed initially for sales force automation and customer relationship
management (CRM), its use has become commonplace by businesses for tasks
such as computerized billing, invoicing, human resource management, service
desk management, and sales pipeline management, even Library management
applications.

SaaS developed rapidly and brought big challenges for the

traditional software industry.

$50 per user

per year

Summary Benefits of a Cloud:

IaaS

PaaS

SaaS

Reduce capital expense Less upfront hardware costs I P S

Reduce operational expense Free your IT resources from
infrastructure administration
I P S
Improve security worry free
I P S
Pay per use no extra investment
I P S
Faster time to value Rapid development and instant
deployment
P S
Improve resource productivity Build more apps, more quickly,
and free up developers for new projects
P S
Reduce integration costs Every new app built on the platform is
designed for easy Web services integration

SummaryQualities of a Cloud
IaaS

PaaS

SaaS

On-Demand
Lowered requirement to call-ahead forecasts
Demand trends are predicted by the provider
Self service
Resources directly/indirectly reserved with a GUI or API
Measured Service or Usage-metered (i.e. an operating
expense)
Pay-by-the-drink or over time, not up front
Elastic Scalability
Grow or shrink resources as required rapidly
Mandatory and Ubiquitous Network
The network is essential to consume the service

 Why we talk about it?

Background & Trends

What is it?
Terminologies & Definitions & More

What do we do with it?

Cloud Computing @ Libraries

Cloud Computing @ Libraries

XaaS from Commercial Services
District of Columbia Public Library
IaaS
Amazons EC2 service to host website; Amazons S3 service to
backup ILS, Flickr and Amazon EC2 for upcoming digital
repository, and the District adopts the GAPE version of Gmail as
its mail platform.
PaaS
Western State College in Gunnison, Colorado
Googles App Engine for ELibrary, also migrated other databases
to this service.
SaaS
Others
Google Docs to collect responses to web formsGoogle
Calendar for instruction and meeting rooms, and Google
Analytics to collect statistics about their website, catalog and
blogs.

Cloud Computing @ Libraries

DaaS from Publishers & Aggregators

SaaS from Traditional & Non-Traditional

ILS Vendors

SirsiDynix: SymphonyILS system

Exlibris:
Primo Discovery & Delivery Interface

Several libraries in East-North China purchased Primo SaaS

Primo Central
Serials Solution:
Discovery Interface: Aquabrowser
Launch SaaS version on March 2010While Current customers will
continue to be supported, new customers will be offered SaaS ONLY..

Web-Scale Discovery (Layer): Summon

SaaS ?
DaaS ?

Launch on July 2009, hosted SaaS service ONLY

Architect it like Google and other Open Web solutions
6,200+ publishers represented96,000+ journals at the article-level,
most full-text searchable500,000,000+ items indexed

OSS & SaaS:

LibLime
KohaOSS ILS
$299 per year, installation and hosting, up to 75,000
records
Free OSS community support, based on 1000+ Koha library
and LibLime created documentations
Free 30 days trial
Biblios.net
browser-based cataloging service
data store containing over thirty-million records
the world's largest repository of freely-licensed library
records
Social Cataloging? DaaS? Free!

OCLC Web-Scale
The end of ILS era ?

We will know soon.

IR:
Open technologies for durable digital content
To Libraries, universities, research centers, cultural heritage
orgs
Ensure digital heritage accessible over long term, durable &
Usable

It applies Open source & cloud-based

technologies & hosted service (SaaS)
LC sponsored pilot program, from July 2009-Spr. 2010, 3
partners (NYPL), provide data includes images, video,
text in many formats, to test the cloud storage capability

cloud computing in libraries in China

-- Example 1CSLN
CSLN: Chinese special library network
A Commercial SaaS provider for libraries, vendors,
bookstores and end users
Browser based ILS: union catalog searching, cataloging,
acquisition, and more.Kai Yuan City Public Library in
Yun Nan

Cloud computing in libraries in China

-- Example 2CALIS Cloud Services
China Academic Library and Information System
To apply open source & cloud-based technologies to:
Build and integrate IaaS to reduce member libraries IaaS
capital and operational expense & ensure security
Develop cloud & Open Social based resource sharing
platform by providing standard and open gadgets and
supporting dual integration with local application of
member libraries.
PaaS
Provide integrated data service by adapting OAI-ORE &
Linking data model

DaaS
CALIS SaaS to member libraries: ILL, Online
Ref., Reserves, Thesis & Disertations, etc.

CALIS Cloud Platform Model

The Philosophy of Cloud Computing

by Lao Zi
Theres no way to describe the transcendence, like theres no
limits to a universe.

A big man has no time really to do anything but just sit and be
big.
By F. Scott Fitzgerald

Cloud
Computingeverything in the cloud, no shape, no sound, no
image, but actually the biggest image, strongest sound, and
rapidest wave.

Some References

http://www.serialssolutions.com/news-detail/serials-solutions-launches-aquabrowser-saasversion/
http://www.liblime.com/products
http://duraspace.org/duracloud.php
http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA669577.html#
Cloud Computing Use Cases, A white paper produced by the Cloud Computing Use Case
Discussion Group, 31 July 2009, Dustin Amrhein, et al. http://www.cloudbook.net/cloudcomputing-use-cases-group
Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva, Thomas Wozniak, and Santi Ristol, Grid and Cloud Computing,
a Business Perspective on Technology and Applications, Springer, 2010
Michael Miller, Cloud Computing, Web-based Applications that change the Way You Work
and Collaborate Online. 2009
Peter Finger Dot Cloud, the 21st Century Bussiness Platform Built on Cloud Computing,
21 2009
2010
@PPT
http://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dcgrp5vd_787grctcrm
, , , CALIS,