Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fingerprints
Since 2012 I have compared over 35,000
fingerprints and Identified 211 individual
impressions.
Evolutionary adaptation to
allow gripping.
Skin grows around
individual pore openings
to create a ridge unit.
Ridge units fuse together
to form ridges.
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12 weeks
24 weeks
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Wertheim and Maceo, 2002
Arch
Loop
Whorl
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Premises of Identification
Friction Ridges are developed on the fetus
in their definitive form before birth;
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Analysis
C
omparison
ACE-V
Evaluation
Verification
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Analysis-Step #1
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Substrate
Substrate is the surface on which the
impression was deposited. Substrate can
cause distortion if the surface is textured,
reflective, multi-coloured, dirty etc.
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Matrix
Matrix is the substance that is on the finger
and is eventually deposited onto the surface,
thus creating the fingerprint. In most cases
this is a combination of sweat and oil, but
can be other contaminants such as blood or
food grease etc.
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Development Medium
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Deposition Pressure
Deposition pressure refers to the amount of
pressure used when the finger makes
contact with a surface. The amount of
pressure used can dramatically change the
way an impression looks after it is
deposited.
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Deposition Pressure
Light
Medium
Heavy
Extreme
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Anatomical Aspects
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Clarity
Clarity refers to the quality of the detail in the
impression.
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Core
Deltas
Scars
Creases
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Type
Location
Direction
Spatial Relationship
Continuous Ridges
Identifications and exclusions can occur at this level of
information.
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Ending Ridge
Bifurcating Ridge
Dot
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Continuous Ridges
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Pores
End shapes and angles
Edge shapes
Width
Translation of Information
Knowledge
Experience
Education
Training
3 Dimensional
2 Dimensional
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Comparison
Step #2
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Comparison
The ridge formations located in the unknown
impression during the analysis stage are
searched for in the known impression.
If a ridge formation from the unknown
impression is not located in sequence in the
known impression, the process ends and the
known print is eliminated as the source.
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Comparison
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Exclusion
The determination by an examiner that there is sufficient quality
and quantity of detail in disagreement to conclude that two areas
of friction ridge impressions did not originate from the same
source.
Inconclusive
During Evaluation, the conclusion reached that neither sufficient
agreement exists to individualize nor sufficient disagreement
exists to exclude.
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Evaluation
At the Evaluation stage, the examiner must
answer two questions.
1. Is there agreement, in sequence,
between the unknown and known
impression?
Present Case
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Analysis of R1143-1
Substrate Distortion
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Substrate
Distortion
The substrate in this
case is a rear view
mirror. The mirror
causes a blurring
effect due to the
reflective nature of the
mirror.
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Matrix
Distortion
In this case
there is no
matrix, as the
ridges took dirt
away from the
surface.
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Development
Medium
The development
Medium used is
Rhodamine 6G Dye
Stain after Cyanoacrylate
(superglue). There is no
major Development
Medium distortion. The
dye viewed at 532 NM
with an orange filter
causes the yellow
appearance.
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Deposition
Pressure
The ridges appear
thicker at the top of the
impression, thus
suggesting heavier
deposition pressure.
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Lateral
Distortion
There is
evidence of
lateral
movement on
the top left and
bottom right of
R1143-1
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Anatomical
Aspects
The oval/pearlike shape of
this impression
is typically
seen in
thumbs.
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Level 1 Detail
R1143-1 is a
double loop
whorl. This
pattern is
statistically
more prevalent
on a thumb.
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R1143-1
Converted to
Black and White
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R 1143-1
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Evaluation
The comparison was evaluated to determine
if there was agreement, in sequence,
between R1143-1 and the known right
thumb print that had been taken from Dellen
MILLARD on August 1, 2013 for the present
charges before the court.
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Evaluation
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Verification
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