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1) Sedimentary stones:
(a) Characteristics:
Sandstone, limestone, dolomite originally formed mainly in sea water, or lakes, from the remains of animals and
plants, also from transportation and deposition of rock products.
A. Formed at or near the surface
B. Distinctive strata
C. Many fossils have been found in this type of rock
Grain shape
A. Rounded
B. Angular
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2) Metamorphic stones:
(a) Characteristics:
Marble, serpentine, onyx, slate, quartzite, gneiss are produced from sedimentary or igneous rocks by the action
of heat and pressure.
A. No pressure - fossils survive
B. Low pressure - fossils distorted or destroyed
C. Moderate pressure - Grains form moderately
D. High pressure - Active fluids may circulate
E. Heat alone, Metamorphic Aureole surrounding a deep plutonic intrusions, possibly with active fluids
F. Dynamic Meta - Large scale movement phenomena
G. Crushing actions produce Xylonite Meta rock from powder
H. Low angle thrust fault: Plate pressure coupled with subsidence
I. Thrust movement, plate movement
(b) Classification:
1. Structure
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3)Igneous stones:
These stones are formed when the magma from the earth cools inside the earth or on the earth surface.
(a) Characteristics:
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(c) Classification:
A. Acid rocks > 65% Si + > 10% Modal Quartz
B. Intermediate rocks 55% - 65% Si
C. Basic rocks 45% - 55% Si < 10% Modal Quartz
D. Ultra-Basic < 45% Si.
Related Pages
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