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Types of Joints in Concrete Buildings and Structures

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Types of Joints in Concrete Structures


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Types of Concrete Joints in Building Structures

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Expansion Joints

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These are structural separation between building elements that allow independent
movement without damage to the assembly. Expansion joints are designed to safely
absorb the thermal expansion and contraction of various construction materials, to absorb
vibration. They are commonly provided in bridges, railway tracks, piping systems, and
other structures.

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Contraction Joints or Control Joints


Control Joints (often confused with expansion
joints) are cuts or grooves made in concrete or
asphalt at regular intervals. These joints are
made at locations where there are chances of
cracks or where the concentration of stresses
are expected, so that when a concrete does
crack, the location will be known to you. In such
a way a concrete will not crack randomly but in a
straight line (i.e. control joint). In other words
Contraction or Control Joints are Pre-Planned
Cracks. The cracks may be due to temperature
variations or drying shrinkage or other reasons.
Joints depth should be 25% of the depth of the slab. For instance a 4" thick slab should have 1" deep cut. Joints Interval (taken in feet)
should not be more than 2 - 3 times the slab thickness (in inches). Let say a 6" slab should have joints 2 x 6=12 to 3 x 6 = 18 feet apart.
For fresh concrete grooving tools are used while saw is used for hardened concrete.

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Construction Joints
In mega projects there is a starting and stopping points, the entire concrete work
may not be done at once, hence concrete pouring need to be stopped causing a
joint in element known as Construction Joint.Construction joints are placed at
points of ending and beginning of construction for provision of a smooth transition
between pours. These joints are formed between successive building element
parts during construction work, in which one part is allowed to harden before the
next is placed. These joints may be intentional or unintentional. Reasons for
intentionally providing construction joints are;
Certain time of a day i.e. Labour Hours ( e.g. 8:00 am to 6:00 pm)
Certain day of a week (e.g. Sunday, or Friday)
Certain Months of an year (e.g. extreme weather in Winter or Summer)
Religious Holidays etc (e.g. Eid or Christmas etc)

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Types of Joints in Concrete Buildings and Structures

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Unintentional provision may occur due to


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Bad weather

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