Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy

Advantages of Nuclear Energy

Despite potential drawbacks and the controversy that surrounds it, nuclear energy does have a few advantages
over some other methods of energy production.
Expense
Less uranium is needed to produce the same amount of energy as coal or oil, which lowers the cost of producing
the same amount of energy. Uranium is also less expensive to procure and transport, which further lowers the
cost.
Reliability
When a nuclear power plant is functioning properly, it can run uninterrupted for up to 540 days. This results in
fewer brownouts or other power interruptions. The running of the plant is also not contingent of weather or
foreign suppliers, which makes it more stable than other forms of energy.
No Greenhouse Gases
While nuclear energy does have some emissions, the plant itself does not give offgreenhouse
gasses. Studies have shown that what life-cycle emissions that the plants do give off are on par with renewable
energy sources such as wind power. This lack of greenhouse gases can be very attractive to some consumers.
Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy
Raw Material
Uranium is used in the process of fission because it's a naturally unstableelement. This means that special
precautions must be taken during the mining, transporting and storing of the uranium, as well as the storing of
any waste product to prevent it from giving off harmful levels of radiation.
Water Pollutant
Nuclear fission chambers are cooled by water. This water is then turned into steam, which is used to power the
turbines. When the water cools enough to change back into liquid form, it is pumped outside into nearby
wetlands. While measures are taken to ensure that no radiation is being pumped into the environment,
other heavy metals and pollutants can make their way out of the chamber. The immense heat given off by this
water can also be damaging to eco systems located nearby the reactor.
Waste
When the uranium has finished splitting, the resulting radioactive byproducts need to be removed.
While recycling efforts of this waste product have been undertaken in recent years, the storage of the by-product
could lead to contamination through leaks or containment failures.
Leaks
Nuclear reactors are built with several safety systems designed to contain the radiation given off in the fission
process. When these safety systems are properly installed and maintained, they function adequately. When they

are not maintained, have structural flaws or were improperly installed, a nuclear reactor could release harmful
amounts of radiation into the environment during the process of regular use. If a containment field were to
rupture suddenly, the resulting leak of radiation could be catastrophic.

History of Indian National Flag

A flag become the symbol of the country so any independent country needs a flag to represent a unique symbol
of the particular nation. The National Flag of India was first adopted in its present form on 22 nd of July in 1947
in the meeting of Constituent Assembly, few days before the independence of country from British rule on
15th of August in 1947. It was designed by thePingali Venkayya using tri colours, Ashok Chakra and Khadi
clothe.
The National flag of India is designed in horizontal shape in which all the tri-colours are used in equal
proportions. The ratio of flag width to its length is 2:3. The middle white band contains a navy blue wheel
representing Ashok chakra with 24 spokes.
Before the final adoption of the national flag, it goes through various amazing changes since its first inception.
It was started discovering and searching for the unique national flag to recognise the country during the national
struggle for freedom from the British rule.
Evolution of Indian Flag

It is said that, the national flag was first time hoisted on 7 th of August in 1906 in the Green Park (also called as
Parsee Bagan Square) in the Calcutta (current Kolkata). It was a simply designed flag using three horizontal
strips of tri colours (red, yellow and green). The uppermost green colour strip contains eight (8) white lotus
flowers. The middle yellow colour strip is written in the center with Vande Matram in Hindi. And the
lowermost red colour strip contains a crescent (left side corner) and a Sun (right side corner).

According to the history, it is said that Indian national flag was hoisted second time in the Paris by the Madame
Cama with her banished revolutionary band in 1907. Later that flag was exhibited in the social conference of
Berlin. The second flag was little different from the first one. The uppermost orange colour strip contains one
lotus flower and seven stars (identifying the Saptarishis). The middle yellow colour strip is written with Vande
Matram in Hindi in the center. And the lowermost green colour strip contains a Sun in the left corner and a
white crescent and star in the right corner.

It was hoisted third time by the Dr. Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak in 1917 during the Home rule movement.
It was designed using five red and four green horizontal strips (equally divided) in alternate manners. It also
contains seven stars identifying the Saptarishis and a Union Jack in the left-hand top corner together with a
white crescent and star in right top corner.

In 1921, all India Congress Committee in Bezwada (Vijayawada) designed a flag (having two strips of red and
green colour representing the Hindus and Muslim community) and took that to Mahatma Gandhi Ji. Where they
suggested adding a white strip (in the middle to represent other communities) and a blue wheel (Charkha) to
represent the progress of Nation.

Finally, in 1931 a resolution was passed to adopt a tri-colour flag (suggested by Gandhiji) in India. This flag
contains the upper saffron, middle white and lower green colour strips. The middle white strip contains a
spinning wheel in the center.

However, it was adopted completely on 22nd of July in 1947 in the meeting of Constituent Assembly. They
decided to adopt a national flag with same tri-colours and significance with only a little change, the spinning
wheel was altered to the Dharma Charkha of the King Asoka as an emblem on the national flag. This flag finally
became the national flag of the Independent India.

Input and Output Devices

Complete list of Input Devices

Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner

Digital Camera , Camcorder

Gamepad, Joystick, Steering wheel.
Mic

Barcode Reader
Pen / Stylus
Touch Screen

Webcam
Biometrics (Thumb impression / Face
detection)

Keyboard

Keyboard is the most common input device of a Computer System. The keyboard resembles a
typewriter. Modern Keyboards have more than just the letter and numeric keys. They have multimedia
keys for volume control, Play / Pause videos etc. Every single key on a keyboard is assigned a binary
numbers to it which transmits that binary pattern to the computer.

Mouse

Mouse is another commonly used input device of a computer system. The mouse is a pointing device
that moves the cursor on the screen. There are two types of Mouse, one type has a rubber-covered ball
at the bottom. As the mouse is slid on a surface, the ball rolls, resulting in movement of the cursor on the
screen. This is the traditional type of mouse which is getting obsolete these days and this type of Mouse
does not performs well on some surfaces. The other type is an Optical Mouse, which is popular these
days. The optical Mouse tracks the Mouse position using the optical sensor. The optical mouse can
perform well as compared to the traditional mouse.

Scanner

Scanner is the third important input device of a computer system. A scanner converts printed documents
in to images. Some types of scanners scan documents and produce the results in black & white images.
The scanner operates in the same manner as a Photocopier. A colored scanner works somewhat in a
complicated manner as compared to a simple scanner.

Output Devices

Output devices displays the processed form of data to the end user.

Common Output devices include;

Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Monitor

Monitor is the most important output device of a computer system. The monitor is the display screen of
a computer. Cathode Rays Tube (CRT) and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) are the two types of Monitors.

The CRT monitor looks like a television. At one end of CRT Monitor there is a device that produce
electrons and bombard it towards the other end where the screen is located, resulting in the screen
glowing because of a substance on the screen. The CRT Monitors are expensive and occupies more
space as compared to LCD Monitors.

Printers

A Printer takes print commands from a computer and print out text / images on a paper. Different types
of printers are available for various purposes. A printer for office use must be heavy duty and fast while
for photographs it must produce high quality prints. Dot-Matrix, Ink-Jet, Laser-Jet are the different types
of printers. Print quality of Laser-Jet printer is excellent as compared to Ink-Jet or other types of printers,
but they are relatively more expensive than the others. Most laser printers produce black & whiter prints
while some can produce color prints as well. The color laser printers are way too expensive then black &
white laser printers.

Speakers

Speaker is an important part of a computer system. Some systems have a built-in speaker, though they
are small in size. Speaker is an essential part of a computer because they can notify about various system
notifications through various sounds. Big speakers, woofers & sub-woofers are used for enhance sound
quality or creating a mini home theater.