250WPWMinvertercircuitSG3524.

A 250W PWM inverter circuit built around IC SG3524 is shown here. SG3524 is an integrated switching
regulatorcircuitthathasallessentialcircuitryrequiredformakingaswitchingregulatorinsingleendedor
pushpullmode.ThebuiltincircuitriesinsidetheSG3524includepulsewidthmodulator,oscillator,voltage
reference, error amplifier, overload protection circuit, output drivers etc. SG3524 forms the heart of this
PWMinvertercircuitwhichcancorrectitsoutputvoltageagainstthevariationsintheoutputload.Inanon
PWM inverter the change in output load directly affects the output voltage (when output load increases
outputvoltagedecreasesandviceversa),butinaPWMinvertertheoutputvoltageremainsconstantover
arangeofoutputload.

Circuitdiagramof250WPWMinverter.

PWMinvertercircuit

Aboutthecircuit.
ResistorR2andcapacitorC1setsthefrequencyoftheICsinternaloscillator.PresetR1canbeusedfor
fine tuning of the oscillator frequency. Pin 14 and pin 11 are the emitter terminals of the internal driver
transistoroftheIC.Thecollectorterminalsofthedrivertransistors(pin13and12)aretiedtogetherand
connectedtothe+8Vrail(outputofthe7808).Two50Hzpulsetrainswhichare180degreeoutofphase
are available at pin 14 and 15 of the IC. These are the signals which drive the subsequent transistor
stages.Whensignalatpin14ishigh,transistorQ2isswitchedonwhichinturnmakestransistorQ4,Q5,

Q6ONarecurrentflowsfromthe+12Vsource(battery)connectedatpointa(markedwithlabela)through
theupperhalfofthetransformer(T1)primaryandsinkstogroundthroughthetransistorsQ4,Q5andQ6.
Asaresultavoltageisinducedinthetransformersecondary(duetoelectromagneticinduction)andthis
voltagecontributestotheupperhalfcycleofthe220Voutputwaveform.Duringthisperiodpin11willbe
lowanditssucceedingstageswillbeinactive.When11oftheICpingoeshighQ3getsswitchedONand
asresultQ7,Q8andQ9willbealsoswitchedON.Currentflowsfromthe+12Vsource(markedwithlabel
a)throughthelowerhalfofthetransformerprimaryandsinkstothegroundthroughtransistorsQ7,Q8,Q9
andtheresultantvoltageinducedattheT2secondarycontributestothelowerhalfcycleofthe220Voutput
waveform.
Theoutputvoltageregulationsectionoftheinvertercircuitworksasfollows.Theinverteroutput(outputof
T2)istappedfrompointslabelledb,candsuppliedtotheprimaryofthetransformerT2.Thetransformer
T2stepsdownthishighvoltage,bridgeD5rectifiesitandthisvoltage(willbeproportionaltotheinverters
outputvoltage)issuppliedtothepin1(invertinginputoftheinternalerroramplifieroftheIC)throughR8,
R9, R16 and this voltage is compared with the internal reference voltage. This error voltage will be
proportionaltothevariationoftheoutputvoltagefromthedesiredvalueandtheICadjuststhedutycycle
ofthedrivesignals(atpin14and12)inordertobringbacktheoutputvoltagetothedesiredvalue.Preset
R9canbeusedforadjustingtheinvertersoutputvoltageasitdirectlycontrolstheamountofvoltagefed
backfromtheinverteroutputtotheerroramplifiersection.
IC2anditsassociatedcomponentsproducean8Vsupplyfromthe12VsourceforpoweringtheICandits
related circuitries. Diodes D3 and D4 are freewheeling diodes which protect the driver stage transistors
fromvoltagespikeswhichareproducedwhenthetransformer(T2)primariesareswitched.R14andR15
limitthebasecurrentofQ4andQ7respectively.R12andR13arepulldownresistorsforQ4andQ7which
preventstheiraccidentalswitchON.C10andC11aremeantforbypassingnoisefromtheinverteroutput.
C8isafiltercapacitorforthevoltageregulatorIC7808.R11limitslimitsthecurrentthroughtheindicator
LEDD2.

Notes.
MounttheSG3524onaholder.
AllcapacitorsotherthanC10andC11mustberatedatleast15V.
PresetR9canbeusedforadjustingtheinvertersoutputvoltage.
PresetR1canbeusedforadjustingtheinvertersoperatingfrequency.
Transistorsinthedriverstagerequireheatsink.
T2isa220Vprimary,12Vsecondary,1Atransformer.
T1isa12012Vprimary,220Vsecondary,300VAtransformer.
Drivertransistorsmustbeisolatedfromtheheatsinkusingmicasheets.Mountingkitsforthese
transistorsareeasilyavailableinthemarket.
Anoptionalfinnedaluminiumheatsinkcanbeattachedtothe7808.
If1Abridgeisnotavailable,makeoneusingfour1N4007diodes.