Professional Documents
Culture Documents
by
James D. Long
Lightcatcher Books
Springdale, Arkansas
Table of Contents
Foreword ..............................................................................xi
Preface ............................................................................... xiii
Introduction — The Passover That Never Was? .......... xv
— Section One —
The Controversy
1
Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
1
Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secrets
One of the Dead Sea Scroll on display at the Shrine of the Book
in Jerusalem.
4
Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
5
The Riddle of the Exodus
ANCIENT EGYPT
Periods Dynasties
Archaic PreDynastic
Early Dynastic 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Old Kingdom 4th, 5th, 6th
First Intermediate 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th
Middle Kingdom 11th, 12th
Second Intermediate 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th
17th (The Hyksos)
New Kingdom 18th, 19th, 20th
Third Intermediate 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th
Late Kingdom 25th, 26th
27th (Persian)
28th, 29th, 30th
Second Persian
Greco-Roman Macedonian Kings
Ptolemaic
Roman Emperors
Byzantine Emperors
6
Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
7
The Riddle of the Exodus
8
Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
9
The Riddle of the Exodus
10
Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
Sirius Business
11
The Riddle of the Exodus
12
Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
14
Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
15
The Riddle of the Exodus
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Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
Hieroglyphs can be
read one of three
ways. The direction
that the animal or
human figures face
will determine whether
to read from the right
or left, otherwise they
are read from the top
to the bottom.
19
The Riddle of the Exodus
Holy Cow
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Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
21
The Riddle of the Exodus
22
Egyptology’s Dirty Little Secret
Endnotes
1
Prof. Itamar Singer, “Bible as History?” (article in Ha’Aretz , December 28, 2001)
Sect. B p.6
2
John A. West, The Traveler’s Key to Ancient Egypt, (Alfred A.Knopf 1988) p. 39
3
I. E. S. Edwards, The Pyramids of Egypt, (Viking Press 1971) p. 11
4
Manetho’s History of Egypt was lost when Julius Caesar accidentally torched the
famous Alexandrian Library in 47 BCE.
5
Sir Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs, (Oxford University Press 1961) p. 46
6
Aidan Dodson, The Hieroglyphs of Ancient Egypt (Barnes & Noble Books, NY,
2001) p. 132
7
Paul Rothstein, Review of Ancient History, (privately published, Telz Stone,
Israel) p. 3
8
Peter James, Centuries of Darkness: A Challenge to the Conventional Chronol-
ogy of Old World Archaeology, (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press,
1993) p. 292
9
Hilary Wilson, Understanding Hieroglyphs, (Michael O’Mara Books 1995) p. 177
10
The ancient Egyptians were notorious for having several calendars.
11
Peter James, Centuries of Darkness: A Challenge to the Conventional Chronol-
ogy of Old World Archaeology, p. 226
12
Brian Fagan, “In the Beginning, An Introduction to Archaeology”, (Little Brown
and Company, Boston, 1978) p. 382
13
John A. West, The Travelers Key to Ancient Egypt, p. 7
14
Barbara Mertz, Temples, Tombs and Hieroglyphs, (Peter Bedrick Books 1990)
pp. 253-254
15
ibid, p. 255
16
Hilary Wilson, Understanding Hieroglyphs, (Michael O’Mara Books Ltd. 1995) p.
32
17
Exodus 2:10 relates that Moses was so named by Pharaoh’s daughter because
she drew him from the water. In the Oral Tradition, when Moses is born, his own
family gives him the name of Toviah, literally, G-d is good.
18
John A. West, The Traveler’s Key to Ancient Egypt, p. 195
19
Memphis is the Greek variant of Menefir (beautiful place).This Hellenistic distor-
tion of names extends to many other ancient sites and especially the names of
the pharaohs.
20
Sir Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs, p.2
21
W.B. Emery, Archaic Egypt, (Penguin Books 1961) p.124
22
By adding the letter ayin to the Hebrew word, parah.
23
Linguist Isaac Mozeson points out that shor really refers to oxen. Shor later
morphed into the Latin taurus and the Spanish tauro.
23