ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER

implemented in automatic door locking

1. INTRODUCTION

system for providing high security. And also

Security is the prime concern in our
day to day life. Everyone needs to be secure

can be implemented to control electronic

appliances to save the power.

as much as possible. The electric line man

safety system is designed to control a circuit

Nowadays, electrical accidents to the

breaker by using a password for the safety of

line man are increasing, while repairing the

electric man. Critical electrical accidents to

electrical

line men are on the rise during electric line

communication

repair due to lack of communication and co-

substation and maintenance staff. This project

ordination between the maintenance staff and

gives a solution to this problem to ensure line

electric substation staff. This proposed system

man safety. In this proposed system the

provides a solution that ensures safety of

control of the electrical lines lies with line

maintenance staff, i.e., line man. The control

man.

to turn on or off the line will be maintained by

the line man only because this system has an
arrangement such that a password is required
to operate the circuit breaker (on/off). The
system is fully controlled by a microcontroller
from AVR family. A matrix keypad is
interfaced to the microcontroller to enter the
password. The entered password is compared
with the password generated. If the password
entered is correct, only then the line can be

lines

due

to

between

the

lack

of

the

electrical

This project is arranged in such a way

that maintenance staff or line man has to enter
the password to on/off the electrical line. Now
if there is any fault in electrical line then line
man will switch off the power supply to the
line by entering password and comfortably
repair the electrical line, and after coming to
the substation line man switch on the supply
to the particular line by entering the
password.

turned ON/OFF. The basic idea behind this

project is shown in the following figure.1. To
repair a particular section of the electric

2. LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM

DESCRIPTION

supply line, the lineman wants to turn off the

The electric line man safety system

supply to that line. For this he first put a

provides a control to turn on or off the line

request to the system. Then the system

and thereby ensures the safety of the staff. It

responds to him using the LCD display to

consists of only an embedded section. The

enter the password. Then the system generates

major component is a micro controller from

a password and it will be send to the phone

AVR family.

(the no of which is stored in the program).The

password based circuit breaker can also be
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ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
3. Installs, removes, transfers, maintains
and/or repairs cross arms, pins, insulators,
guys, transformer and switch racks and other
overhead pole and Underground Residential
Distribution (U.R.D.) equipment using a
variety of hand tools, equipment and power
tools.
4.

Installs

and

removes

transformers,

including primary and secondary current

transformers and self-contained meters; cutouts, disconnecting switches, circuit breakers
1. Strings, splices, transfers and sags wire in

and other overhead line and U.R.D. devices,

energized

and

rigging block and tackle where necessary or

connects wires and transformers as specified

working with ground crew and winch to raise

or directed. Shortens or lengthens lines by

or lower equipment. May install street and

adding or removing wire, using a variety of

area lights, working with primary and

types of splices, connectors, sleeves or

secondary voltages. May change transformer

clamps. Regularly works above ground on

locations on maps.

or

de-energized

circuits

poles or steel towers using climbers and

safety belt or operating man lift equipment,
boom truck or other specialized equipment.
Uses a variety of underground locating and
fault finding equipment.

5. Performs line switching or sectionalizing

as directed. Performs emergency repairs,
phases and connects circuits under load;
performs load checks and balances feeders as
required.

2. Routes or re-routes power lines over, under

or around existing lines and structures,
regularly working above, on, or in close
proximity to energized lines. Selects and uses

6. Inspects lines, poles and equipment for

signs of damage or wear and reports
deficiencies.

a variety of "hot line" tools and makes use of

7. Assists in carrying poles, digging holes,

rubber

mechanical

piking and guying poles and other such

jumpers, fiber guards, blankets and other

operations involved in the setting or replacing

protective devices as specified. Works on all

of poles; may erect steel towers.

gloves,

line

hoses,

voltages as required throughout the system.

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ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
8. Assists in on-the-job training of apprentices

Based

and other crew members in maintenance and

microcontroller a relay switches to turn on or

construction of power lines.

off the circuit breaker. The system comprised

9. May troubleshoot electrical problems on

Company and customer equipment.

on

the

program

done

in

the

of a GSM module, LCD display, buzzer,

matrix keypad, and a relay. The main
attraction of this

project

is

the

OTP

generation. The generated passwords will be

different at each time and after the use of this
password it will be expired. From the AVR
family ATmega32 microcontroller is used. It
is an 8-bit micro- controller with 32KB
memory and has 4 ports. Normally the supply
to the line is always on and it is indicated by
using a lamp which is always on. If there is
any problem in any section of the supply line,
then the line man wants to turn off the supply
to that section and repair it. The LCD display
provided along with the system gives visual
assistance

of

LINE

MAN

SAFETY

SYSTEM WITH OTP GENERATION for

easy operation of the system. For that he first
put a request to the system if the system is
ready. The LCD display gives an indication of
SYSTEM READY if is ready to work.
Then he put a request by pressing a switch.
This gives an indication to the system to turn
off the supply to the line. Then the system
generates a 4-bit length onetime password.
And also gives an indication of OTP
GENERATED. Then it will be send to his
phone (the number of which is stored in the
program) gives an indication of OTP SEND
and ENTER OTP. After enter it using the
keypad, it will be compared with the
generated password (which is stored in the
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ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
ROM). If the passwords are matched, then the

security only. It is also possible to use each

LCD displays OTP MATCHED and turn off

password for a particular line. And also

the supply to the line i.e., the lamp will be

wireless

turned off. Therefore the line man can safely

depends on the distance. Activation or

work on the line and repair it. When repair is

deactivation of circuit breaker is indicated by

over, he will reach the substation and again

lamp that means on or off. The system is fully

put a request to turn on the supply by pressing

controlled by a microcontroller from 8051

the switch. Then system generates another

family. Further the project is enhanced by

communication

can

also

used

using an EEPROM for user to change the

password for a more secured system.

3. PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT

BREAKER
3.1 BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM:

password and using it he can turn on the line.

If the passwords are not matched up to or
more than three times, an alarm will be

Fig.3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

activates. The GSM modem provides the

The basic block diagram of the

communication between the system and the

system is shown in the above figure.2. OTP

line man. The number of the phone in to

generation and OTP verification are the major

which the OTP is send is stored in the

steps that are performed by this system.

program. This number may be either of the

sub engineers number or of the line mans
number. It is possible to send the number to
more people. But it will be based on the
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The main component in the circuit

is 8051 microcontroller. In this project 43
keypad is used to enter the password. The
password which is entered is compared with

ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
the predefined password. If entered password

A microcontroller (sometimes

is correct then the corresponding electrical

abbreviated C, uC or MUC) is a small

line is turned ON or OFF. In this project a

computer on a single integrated circuit

separate password is provided to each

containing a processor core, memory, and

electrical line. Activation and deactivation of

programmable

the line (circuit breaker) is indicated by the

Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric

load.

RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often

Depending on the request from the user

the system generates OTP and it will send to

the users phone. After enter this password
using the keypad, it will compared with the
generated password (which is stored in the
ROM). If the passwords are same, the supply
to the line will be made off. Similarly using
another password the power to that line will
be turned on. If the passwords are not
matched up to or more than three times an
alarm will be generate.
3.2 ATMEGA32:
The micro controller used for the
implementation of this system is ATmega32.
It is an 8-bit microcontroller with 32KB onchip programmable flash memory. Based on
the program stored in the micro controller it
will generate the OTP. And if the passwords
are matched or not, it will switches a relay
also. The GSM modem helps to send the
generated OTP. OTP generation is the main
part of this project. This is done by the micro
controller. The RISC based micro controller
consists of four ports. In which port A is
dedicated for ADC.

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input/output

peripherals.

included on chip, as well as a typically small

amount

of

RAM.

Microcontrollers

are

designed for embedded applications, in

contrast to the microprocessors used in
personal computers or other general purpose
applications

ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
In our days, there have been many
advancement in the field of Electronics and
many cutting edge technologies are being
developed

every

day,

but

still

bit

microcontrollers have its own role in the

digital electronics market dominated by 16-32
& 64 bit digital devices. Although powerful
microcontrollers
capabilities

with

exist

in

higher
the

processing

market,

8bit

microcontrollers still hold its value because of

their easy-to-understand-operation, very much
high popularity, ability to simplify a digital

PIN Count:

circuit, low cost compared to features offered,

Atmega32 has got 40 pins. Two for

addition of many new features in a single IC

Power (pin no.10: +5v, pin no. 11: ground),

and interest of manufacturers and consumers.

two for oscillator (pin 12, 13), one for reset

Todays microcontrollers are much different

from what it were in the initial stage, and the
number of manufacturers are much more in

(pin 9), three for providing necessary power

and reference voltage to its internal ADC, and
32 (48) I/O pins.

count than it was a decade or two ago. At

About I/O pins: ATmega32 is capable

present some of the major manufacturers are

of handling analogue inputs. Port A can be

Microchip

PIC

used as either DIGITAL I/O Lines or each

microcontrollers), Atmel (publication: AVR

individual pin can be used as a single input

microcontrollers), Hitachi, Phillips, Maxim,

channel to the internal ADC of ATmega32,

NXP,

plus a pair of pins AREF, AVCC & GND

(publication:

Intel

etc.

Our

interest

is

upon ATmega32. It belongs to Atmels AVR

together can make an ADC channel.

series micro controller family. Lets see the

No pins can perform and serve for two

features.

purposes (for an example: Port A pins cannot

work as a Digital I/O pin while the Internal
ADC is activated) at the same time. Its the
programmers responsibility to resolve the
conflict in the circuitry and the program.
Programmers are advised to have a look to the
Fig.4.Connection Diagram
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ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
priority tables and the internal configuration

internal 2.56V reference can be brought into

from the datasheet.

action.

There external reference can be

connected to the AREF pin.

Fig.5.Pin Diagram
Communication Options:
ATmega32 has three data transfer
Digital Pins:

modules embedded in it.

ATmega32 has 32 pins configurable

They are

as Digital I/O pins.

1. Two Wire Interface.
2. USART.
3. Serial Peripheral Interface.

Analog comparator:
On-chip analog comparator is
available. An interrupt is assigned for
different comparison result obtained from the
inputs.

External Interrupt:
ADC:

3 External interrupt is accepted.

Interrupt sense is configurable.
It has one successive approximation

type ADC in which total 8 single channels are

selectable. They can also be used as the seven
Memory:
(TQFP packages) or two (for DIP packages)
differential channels. Reference is selectable,
either an external reference can be used or the

It has 32Kbytes of In-System

Self-programmable Flash program memory,
1024 Bytes EEPROM, 2Kbytes Internal

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ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
SRAM. Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash /

ensure that SPI programming and JTAG are

100,000 EEPROM.

not be disabled using

fuse bits; if the

programming is supposed to be done using

SPI or JTAG.
Clock:

For the operation of circuit breaker

It can run at a frequency from 1 to

16 MHz. Frequency can be obtained from

external Quartz Crystal, Ceramic crystal or an
R-C network. Internal calibrated RC oscillator

through a password, program is written in

MicroC software and created into a .hex file
that is further burnt onto the controller with
the help of pickit2. Connections are given as
per the circuit diagram. While giving the

can also be used.

connections, it should be made sure that there

is no common connection between AC and
More Features:
Up to 16 MIPS throughput at
16MHz. Most of the instruction executes in a
single

cycle.

Two

cycle

on-chip

multiplication. 32 8 General Purpose

Working Registers.

Debug:
JTAG boundary scan facilitates on
chip debug.

Programming:
Atmega32 can be programmed either
by

In-System

peripheral

Programming

interface

programming.

or

Programming

via
by
via

Serial
Parallel
JTAG

interface is also possible. Programmer must

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ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
DC supplies. 5V power supply circuit is to be

breaker state changes and displays status line

on the LCD screen. If the password is wrong
then it displays access denied. Since this is
a user changeable one, to change the
password click on *, #. It will display
enter password. Here the circuit is provided
with a master code that is used to access the
circuit by anyone. For changing the password,
this master code is to be entered. Then after
entering the master code, LCD displays, new
password. Now any password of will can be
entered. After that it displays confirm
password i.e., the new entered password is
going to be stored and the person can change
the status of circuit breaker only by this new
password

3.3 LCD Display

For ease of interaction with the user, this
system uses an electronic display module.
Here a 16x2 LCD is used. This means in 2
lines it is possible to display 16 characters per

FIG. 6 ARCHITECTURE OF MICROCONTROLLER

used to provide regulated 5V DC to the

controller. Now both the AC and DC supplies
are switched on. Relay output pins gets 230V,
so they should not be touched. LCD displays
enter password. Enter the password with the
help of keypad, you can see * for each digit.
Now if the password is correct then the circuit
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ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
line.

5x8

pixel

matrix

is

used

the use of AT attention commands the GSM

modem can be controlled. It consists of an
antenna.
A GSM modem is a specialized type
of modem which accepts a SIM card, and
operates over a subscription to a mobile

Fig .7. LCD Display

for display one character. Two registers are

associated with an LCD, such as data and
command. These modules are preferred since
it is easily programmable. For providing
visual assistance to the lineman this module is
unavoidable.

3.4 GSM MODEM

The Global System for Mobile
Communication replaced the first generation

FIG. 8. GSM MODEM

analog cellular network. Here it is used for

sending SMS to the user of the system that is
the lineman. It is a dedicated modem device
that accepts a SIM card and operates like a
mobile phone. When it is used along with the
computer, it is possible to communicate over
the

mobile

network.

Using

serial

communication the generated passwords are

sent to the mobile phone of the user. Through
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operator, just like a mobile phone. From the

mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem
looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM
modem is connected to a computer, this
allows the computer to use the GSM modem
to communicate over the mobile network.
While

these

GSM

modems

are

most

frequently used to provide mobile internet

ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
connectivity, many of them can also be used

Compatibility with Integrated Services

for sending and receiving SMS and MMS

Digital Network (ISDN) and other

messages. A GSM modem can be a dedicated

telephone company services Support

modem device with a serial, USB or

for new services

Bluetooth connection, or it can be a mobile

phone that provides GSM modem capabilities.

FEATURES OF GSM

What is GSM?

Short Message Service which allows

you to send and receive 126 character

GSM stands for Global System for

text messages.

Ability to use same

Mobile Communication. It is a digital cellular

phone in a number of network-related

technology used for transmitting mobile voice

countries.
Allows
data

and data services.GSM is the most widely

transmission

and

accepted standard in telecommunications and

reception across GSM networks at

it is implemented globally.GSM is a circuit-

speeds up to 9,600 bps currently.

switched system that divides each 200 kHz

Forwarding of calls to another number.

More capacity, ensuring rapid call set-

up.
Handsets also smaller and more

channel into eight 25 kHz time-slots. GSM

operates on the mobile communication bands
900 MHz and 1800 MHz in most parts of the
world. In the US, GSM operates in the bands
850 MHz and 1900 MHz.GSM makes use of
narrowband Time Division Multiple Access

robust.

3.5 MAX 232

(TDMA) GSM provides basic to advanced

For long distance communication

voice and data services including roaming

parallel data communication is faster. But for

service. Roaming is the ability to use your

this there may be more channels are

GSM

necessary.

phone

number

in

another

GSM

Therefore

the

cost

of

the

network.GSM digitizes and compresses data,

communication system also increases. So here

then sends it down through a channel with

prefer the UART serial communication. Here

two other streams of user data, each in its own

the baud rate used for data transmission is

timeslot.

9600. The MAX 232 converts the signals

from RS 232 serial port to signals suitable for

ADVANTAGES OF GSM

use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. It

Improved spectrum efficiency

International roaming
Low-cost mobile sets and base stations

(BSs)
High-quality speech

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provides a connection between a serial port

device to a serial port that uses RS 232
standard.

ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER

Fig.9.MAX 232

The MAX232 is an integrated circuit first

created

in

1987

by Maxim

3.6 POWER SUPPLY SECTION

Integrated

Products that converts signals from a TIA232 (RS-232) serial port to signals suitable for
use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.
The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and
typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS

For the working of the system a

power supply is needed. The micro controller
needs only 5 volt DC for its working.
Therefore the incoming AC will be rectified
filtered and regulated by 7805 IC.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR:

signals.
The drivers provide TIA-232 voltage
level outputs (approx. 7.5 volts) from a
single five volt supply via on-chip charge
pumps and external capacitors. This makes it
useful for implementing TIA-232 in devices
that otherwise do not need any other voltages.
The receivers reduce TIA-232 inputs,

7805 is a voltage regulator

integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx
series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICS.
The voltage source in a circuit may have
voltage output. The voltage regulator IC
maintains the output voltage at a constant
value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed
output voltage it is designed to provide. 7805

which may be as high as 25 volts, to

provides

standard five volt TTL levels. These receivers

Capacitors

have a typical threshold of 1.3 volts and a

connected at input and output pins depending

typical hysteresis of 0.5 volts.

upon the respective voltage levels.

Then, the following table as

shown below.

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+5V
of

regulated
suitable

power
values

supply.
can

be

ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
FIG. 10. VOLTAGE REGULATOR

distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they

repeated the signal coming in from one circuit

3.7 RELAY:

and re-transmitted it on another circuit.

It is basically a switch based on

Relays were used extensively in telephone

electromagnetic induction. Here uses a 12V

exchanges and early computers to perform

DC SPDT relay. It is normally open and

logical operations The main component in the

closes when the OTPS are the same.

circuit is 16f877A microcontroller. In this

project 43 keypad is used to enter the
password. The password which is entered is
compared with the predefined password. If
entered

password

is

correct

then

the

corresponding electrical line is turned ON or

OFF. In this project a separate password is
provided to each electrical line. Activation
and deactivation of the line (circuit breaker) is
indicated by the load

3.8 MATRIX KEYPAD:

Fig.11.Relay

FIG. 12. MATRIX KEYPAD

A relay is an electrically operated

switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

A 4X4 matrix keypad is used .And, it

can be used for enter the password.

mechanically operate a switch, but other

operating principles are also used, such as

3.9 RESISTORS:

solid state relays. Relays are used where it is

A resistor is a two-terminal electronic

necessary to control a circuit by a low-power

component designed to oppose and electric

signal (with complete electrical isolation

current by producing a voltage drop between

between control and controlled circuits), or

its terminals in proportion to the current, that

where several circuits must be controlled by

is, in accordance with Ohm's law: V = IR.

one signal. The first relays were used in long

Resistors are used as part of electrical

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ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
networks and electronic circuits. They are

transistor's terminals changes the current

extremely common place in most electronic

through another pair of terminals. Because the

equipment. Practical resistors can be made of

controlled (output) power can be higher than

various compounds and films, as well as

the controlling (input) power, a transistor can

resistance wire.

amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are

3.10 CAPACITOR:

packaged individually, but many more are

A capacitor or condenser is a passive

found embedded in integrated circuits. The

electronic component consisting of a pair of

transistor is the fundamental building block of

conductors separated by a dielectric. When a

modern electronic devices, and is ubiquitous

voltage potential difference exists between the

in modern electronic systems.

conductors, an electric field is present in the

3.13 RECTIFIER:

dielectric. This field stores energy and

A rectifier is an electrical device that

produces a mechanical force between the

converts alternating current (AC), which

plates. The effect is greatest between wide,

periodically reverses direction, to direct

flat, parallel, narrowly separated conductors.

current (DC), current that flows in only one

3.11 DIODES:

direction, a process known as rectification.

Diodes are used to convert AC into DC

3.14 EEPROM:

these are used as half wave rectifier or full

EEPROM (also written E2PROM and

wave rectifier. When used in its most common

pronounced e-e-prom, double-e prom,

application, for conversion of an alternating

esquared, or simply e-prom) stands for

current (AC) input into a direct current (DC)

Electrically Erasable Program able Read Only

output, it is known as a bridge rectifier. A

Memory and is a type of non-volatile memory

bridge

full-wave

used in computers and other electronic

rectification from a two-wire AC input,

devices to store small amounts of data that

resulting in lower cost and weight as

must be saved when power is removed, e.g.,

compared to a rectifier with a 3-wire input

calibration tables or device configuration.

from a transformer with a center-tapped

When larger amounts of static data are to be

secondary winding

stored (such as in USB flash drives) a specific

3.12 TRANSISTORS:

type of EEPROM such as flash memory is

rectifier

provides

A transistor is a semiconductor device

more economical than traditional EEPROM

used to amplify and switch electronic signals

devices. EEPROMs are organized as arrays of

and electric power. It is composed of

floating gate transistors.

semiconductor material with at least three

terminals for connection to an external circuit.
A voltage or current applied to one pair of the
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4. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
The main component in the circuit

this master code is to be entered. Then after

is 8051microcontroller. In this project 43

entering the master code, LCD displays, new

keypad is used to enter the password. The

password. Now any password of will can be

password which is entered is compared with

entered. After that it displays confirm

the predefined password. If entered password

password i.e., the new entered password is

is correct then the corresponding electrical

going to be stored and the person can change

line is turned ON or OFF. In this project a

the status of circuit breaker only by this new

separate password is provided to each

password

electrical line. Activation and deactivation of

the line (circuit breaker) is indicated by the
load.
For the operation of circuit breaker
through a password, program is written in keil
software and created into a .hex file that is
further burnt onto the controller with the help
of pickit2 Connections are given as per the
circuit diagram. While giving the connections,

Fig. 13 CONNECTION DIAGRAM

it should be made sure that there is no

common connection between AC and DC

5. WORKING

supplies. 5V power supply circuit is to be

5.1 POWER SUPPLY:

used to provide regulated 5V DC to the

The circuit uses standard power

controller. Now both the AC and DC supplies

supply comprising of a stepdown transformer

are switched on. Relay output pins gets 230V,

from 230Vto 12V and 4

so they should not be touched. LCD displays

diodes forming a bridge rectifier that delivers

enter password. Enter the password with the

pulsating dc which is then filtered by an

help of keypad, you can see * for each digit.

electrolytic capacitor of about 470F to

Now if the password is correct then the circuit

1000F. The filtered dc being unregulated, IC

breaker state changes and displays status line

LM7805 is used to get 5V DC constant at its

on the LCD screen. If the password is wrong

7V to 15V.

then it displays access denied. Since this is

The input dc shall be varying in the

a user changeable one, to change the

event of input ac at 230volts section varies

password click on *, #. It will display

from 160V to 270V in the ratio of the

enter password. Here the circuit is provided

transformer primary voltage V1 to secondary

with a master code that is used to access the

voltage

circuit by anyone. For changing the password,

V1/V2=N1/N2. As N1/N2 i.e. no. of turns in

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V2

governed

by

the

formula

ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
the primary to the no. of turns in the

port 2 pins. As the port 0 has no internal pull

secondary remains unchanged V2 is directly

up, it is pulled up externally using a set of

proportional to V1.Thus if the transformer

resistors which are connected to 8-data lines

delivers 12V at 220V input it will give 8.72V

of the LCD. And control lines of the LCD are

at 160V.Similarly at 270V it will give

connected to the Port 2 pins.

14.72V.Thus the dc voltage at the input of the

regulator changes from about 8V to 15V

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

because of A.C voltage variation from 160V

This proposed system provides a

to 270V the regulator output will remain

solution, which can ensure the safety of the

constant at 5V. The regulated 5V DC is

maintenance staff e.g. line man. The control to

further filtered by a small electrolytic

turn ON/OFF the line lies with the line man

capacitor of 10F for any noise so generated

only. This system has an arrangement such

by the circuit. One LED is connected of this

that a password is required to operate the

5V point in series with a current limiting

circuit breaker (ON/OFF). Line man can turn

resistor of 330 to the ground i.e., negative

off the supply and comfortably repair it, and

voltage

supply

return to the substation, then turn on the line

availability. The unregulated 12V point is

by entering the correct password. Since it has

used for other applications as and when

the provision of changing the password,

required.

person can give any password of his will and

to

indicate

5V

power

have his work done safer.

5.2 MICROCONTOLLER PIN
CONFIGURATION:
Microcontroller is interfaced with
keypad, EEPROM, relay driver, voltage
regulator and C program module. Out of four
ports of microcontroller pin configuration, the
upper pins of port 1, i.e., pin 1.0 to pin 1.3 of
the microcontroller are connected to the row
lines of the keypad and lower pins (pin 1.4 to
pin 1.6) are connected to the column lines.
These are connected in such a way that the
column

lines

acts

as

input

to

the

microcontroller, and the row line as output

lines. The input lines are pulled up internally.
Here 162 LCD is connected to the port 0 and
TEC, EEE DEPT.

Page 16

FIG: 14 CB IN CLOSED STATE SHOWN BY GREEN

LED

ELECTRIC LINE MAN SAFETY SYSTEM WITH OTP BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
transformer. The SCADA is a system used in
communication

channels

to

help

easy

trouleshoot to locate the fault location directly

and the line man can easily rectify it.

FIG: 15 CB IN OPEN STATE SHOWN BY RED

LED

7. LIMITATIONS
The network problems will affect the
proper working of the system. Since it contain
a GSM modem. There should be sufficient
balance in the SIM also.

8. FUTURE APPLICATIONS
Using wireless communication this
system can be operated from other areas
besides the substation such as on the

TEC, EEE DEPT.

Page 17

9. CONCLUSION
The electric line man safety system is designed to control a circuit breaker with help of a
password only. OTP generation and OTP verification are the major tasks involved in this system.
OTP generation is the main attraction of this project. It provides a new approach to the security of
the lineman and completely eliminates the accidents to the lineman due to electric shock during the
electric line repair. This system can also implement in many other public areas also.
It can work on a single given known password

The password to operate can be changed and system can be operated efficiently with the

changed password.
No other person can reclose the breaker once the changed password is given into system

other than the person who had changed it.

It is effective in providing safety to the working staff.
It is economical.
It can be easily installed.
It gives no scope of password stealing.

10.REFERENCES
1. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 15(1): 116-120, 1996 and 15(2):106-110,
1996.
2. National Electrical Safety Code Committee, Accredited Standards Committee C2 Rule 441
Table 441-1 AC Live Work Minimum Approach Distance (2002 Edition, page 228) IR540.
3. National Electrical Safety Code, 1997 Edition
4. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 13 Number 3
5.

Jul 2014
The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice

Gillispie Mazidi, Pearson Education.

6. ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.
7. Electrical Engineering Fundemantals by VINCENT DEL TORO.