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1987 ARTICLE I

1972 ARTICLE I

The National Territory

The National Territory

Section 1. The national territory comprises the Section 1.


The national territory comprises the Philippine Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and territory ce
archipelago, with all the islands and waters
waters embraced therein, and all the other
Treaty of P
embraced therein, and all other territories over territories belonging to the Philippines by
States and
which the Philippines has sovereignty or
historic or legal title, including the territorial
eighteen h
jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial, sea, the air space, the subsoil, the sea-bed, the which are s
and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, insular shelves, and the submarine areas over together w
the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves,
which the Philippines has sovereignty or
treaty conc
and other submarine areas. The waters around, jurisdiction. The waters around, between, and United Stat
between, and connecting the islands of the
connecting the islands of the archipelago,
November,
archipelago, regardless of their breadth and
irrespective of their breadth and dimensions,
concluded
dimensions, form part of the internal waters of form part of the internal waters of the
Britain on t
the Philippines.
Philippines.
hundred an

the presen
Islands exe

RA 9522- TO DEFINE THE ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE OF THE PHILIPPINES


Section 2. The baseline in the following areas over which the Philippines likewise exercises
sovereignty and jurisdiction shall be determined as "Regime of Islands" under the Republic
of the Philippines consistent with Article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of
the Sea (UNCLOS):
a) The Kalayaan Island Group as constituted under Presidential Decree No. 1596;
and
b) Bajo de Masinloc, also known as Scarborough Shoal.
Section 3. This Act affirms that the Republic of the Philippines has dominion, sovereignty
and jurisdiction over all portions of the national territory as defined in the Constitution and
by provisions of applicable laws including, without limitation, Republic Act No. 7160,
otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, as amended.

CIVIL CODE
Art. 14. Penal laws and those of public security and safety shall be obligatory upon all who
live or sojourn in the Philippine territory, subject to the principles of public international law
and to treaty stipulations. (8a)
Art. 15. Laws relating to family rights and duties, or to the status, condition and legal
capacity of persons are binding upon citizens of the Philippines, even though living abroad.

REVISED PENAL CODE


Art. 2. Application of its provisions. Except as provided in the treaties and laws of
preferential application, the provisions of this Code shall be enforced not only within the
Philippine Archipelago, including its atmosphere, its interior waters and maritime zone, but
also outside of its jurisdiction, against those who:
1. Should commit an offense while on a Philippine ship or airship
2. Should forge or counterfeit any coin or currency note of the Philippine Islands or
obligations and securities issued by the Government of the Philippine Islands;
3. Should be liable for acts connected with the introduction into these islands of the
obligations and securities mentioned in the presiding number;
4. While being public officers or employees, should commit an offense in the exercise of
their functions; or
5. Should commit any of the crimes against national security and the law of nations, defined
in Title One of Book Two of this Code.

1987 CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE XIV

Language
SECTION 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be
further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.
Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government
shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official
communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.
SECTION 7. For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the
Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English.
The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as
auxiliary media of instruction therein.
Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
SECTION 8. This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and shall be
translated into major regional languages, Arabic, and Spanish.

ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987

SECTION 20. Interpretation of Laws and Administrative Issuances.In the interpretation of


a law or administrative issuance promulgated in all the official languages, the English text
shall control, unless otherwise specifically provided. In case of ambiguity, omission or
mistake, the other texts may be consulted.
CIVIL CODE
Art. 13. When the laws speak of years, months, days or nights, it shall be understood that
years are of three hundred sixty-five days each; months, of thirty days; days, of twentyfour hours; and nights from sunset to sunrise.
If months are designated by their name, they shall be computed by the number of days
which they respectively have.
In computing a period, the first day shall be excluded, and the last day included.
Art. 2. Laws shall take effect after fifteen days following the completion of their publication
in the Official Gazette, unless it is otherwise provided. This Code shall take effect one year
after such publication.

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