Field report of Gilgit Baltistan

By
Arsalan Khan, Ijaz Ahmad, Waqarullah, Zia ul
Islam,and Zakirullah
Bechalor of Bs (Hons) Geology

Submitted
To
Sir Azeem shah, Sir Qaseem-u-Rehmanand,
Sir Usman Azhar.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF HARIPUR, KHYBER
PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN.

June, 2015

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
We have no words to express our deepest sense of gratitude to Almighty Allah, the most
merciful, the most beneficent, who bestowed us the courage to complete this Field Report, and
cordial gratitude to the prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) who is forever a torch bearer of light for entire
humanity.
After that we wish to express deepest sense of thankfulness to our honourable VC of
UOH to give us permission for the field. We are thanking full to the department of Geology of
University of Haripur for the endless support and encroachment.
We are extremely thankful to HOD Sir Muhammad Fawad and Faculty member Sir
Qaseem-u-Rehman, Sir Azeem shah and Sir Usman Azhar for their hard work and grace full
efforts.
Countless thanks are extended to the geologist of Dasu Dam project and also great full
to the Senior Geologist, DrIhsanullah of Bhasha dam to share their precious knowledge and
informative knowledge about the dams and dam areas. And also thank full to the Kohistan
and other cities police for their co-operation.
We express our heartly emotions of gratitude to all our friends Mr. Zard Ali khan, Mr.
Bilal Khan, Mr. Mohammad Shoaib, Mr Umar Khayam, Mr.ijaz Khan, Mr. Nasir Khan
Azeemi.
Last but not the least, we would feel incomplete without thanking our parents, brothers,
loving sisters and all family members who prayed for our brilliant success and bright future
and moral support throughout our educational career.

Regards:
Arsalan Khan \ Ijaz Ahmad
Zia ul Islam \ Waqarullah
Zakirullah

ABSTRACT:
The study area of Gilgit Kohistan is the Northern part of the Pakistan, we study area
along the KKH and Indus river geologically that area are very complex and highly deformed
areas having plats colloid zone and triple junction of the world three largest mountain series.
Geotectonically there are many large and observable tectonics features in the area,
main suture zone, MMT, MKT, Triple junction, Kohistan island arc, syntaxes collision zone of
Indian and Eurasian plates.
Geomorphologically large number of alluvial fans, hot spring, flysh deposit, mollase
deposited, point bar, mid channel bar, meandering stream. Structurally small fold, faults
(rakaposhi) and fracture in rocks.
The project of Dasu dam and Bhasha dam studied along informative lecture with respect to
construction and engineering geology.
Petrology of different igneous (plutonic and volcanic), metamorphic and Meta sedimentary rocks
with their brief mineralogy and petrology.
Mainly there regionally geology having different types of rock complexes of igneous bodies and
also different grade of metamorphic rocks:
Mansehra granitic batholiths
Meta sedimentary rocks of Indian continent
Dubair granitic complex
Kohistan batholiths and Kohistan island arc rock
Besham complex rock
Chalt volcanoes
Yaseen group sediments and
Ortho / Paragnesis rocks
Thilichi group and Augengnesis

CONTENTS

NO.

TITLE PAGE

I.

INTRODUCTION.1

II.

GENERAL GEOLOGY ...02

III.

REVIEW OF LITRATURE.04

IV.

FIELD DESCRIPTION...06

V.

DAY 01..06

VI.

DAY 02...10

VII.

BESHAM COMPLEX....10

VIII.

KOHISTAN ISLAND ARC...14

IX.

DASU HYDROPOWER PROJECT .....16

X.

DAY 3.....18

XI.

DIAMIR BHASHA DAM LECTURE ..18

XII.

THATA HOT SPRING...22

XIII.

TRIPLE JUNCTION 26

XIV.

DAY 04.28

XV.

PLATE COLLISION POINT.31

XVI.

DAY 05 ..34

XVII.

DAY 06.34

XVIII.

AUGEN GNESI.36

XIX.

CONCLUSION ..37

INTRODUCTION:
The six days field tour is conducted from 11_16 may 2015 to northern Pakistan (KohistanGilgit) areas by the department of Geology UNIVERSITY OF HARIPUR. The amazing and
fruit full tour according to the study is arranged by the HOD and Faculty for batch one
(semester 6Th) Geology.
We started this special field work on 10:00 am (11 may 2015) of Monday from Haripur
University. At first day we work on different location on Shahra_e_resham and at 9:30 pm we
reached to Besham continental hotel to spend the night, and then next early morning we
continued our tour from district Shangla towards Chillas.
At 2ND day we work on 6TH different location along the lecture of Dasu Dam project geologist.
On that day field work done at Besham city, lower and upper Kohistan district along KKH and
the end of the day at11:00 pm we reached to Shangrilla hotel for to make night rest full.
The next day (3rd) of our field start at 9:15am at the hotel with the lecture of DrIhsanullah
about BhashaDiamir dam and then we start field work at 10:00 am at Chillas city Babusar top
and Jaglot area. We studied 7TH different location rocks petrology and brief mineralogy.

Day 4TH of field tour spend in GilgitHunza area along KKH. We work on 5 different location
along KKH and reached to Hunza at 2:00pm then return from their and reached to palace hotel
at 6:00pm.
The 5TH day of our field spends frequently in drive. The journey was very long and tried full but
also to much informative. The location of Diamirbhasha dam seen there. This day we came back
from gilgit to Besham and at 10:00pm we reached to Besham continental hotel district shangla
again.
The 6th and last day of field trip at 16 of May 2015 we start our field work from Besham area
along with Mansehra granitic batholiths. We studied different rocks at three different locations

on the way we moving toward Haripur. And finally we reached to Haripur about 3.30 pm
evening, and taken the bags and went to hostel.

Climate and topographic relief of different areas which we studied during field
tour:
Over all weather of GilgitBaltistan region is very cool and enjoyable during our field tour,
Besham area is little hotter than GilgitBaltistan because of enter marginal basin area located.
The Hunza valley is most beautiful and topographically lies at higher elevated region, and
having a large number of mountain peaks like K2 8611 m and Nangaparbat massive. Overall
topography is very high. We went toward about 2560m high from the elevation of Haripur in
our field work. Vegetation on mountain is high in between Haripur and Besham region, while
in between Besham and Gilgit region the vegetation on mountain is very rarely or may be
negligible, which are very helpful with respect to observed different geological features very
easily and helpful to observe rock petrology.

General geology:
The tectonic setting of that area is highly complex and the rocks are also highly deformed. We
studied rock of two different plates during this tour Indian, Eurasian and Karakorum block
(minor plate) mountain series seen. The suture zone MMT in Kohistan separates K.I.A from
Indian shield rocks. Different metamorphosed rocks are observed which are due to collision
B/W
Indian and Eurasian plate about 50 mya. And some are due to igneous intrusions. The age of K.I.A is
about 90 to 110 mya. MCT concept in Pakistan is highly controversial; some geologist said it
separates lesser Himalayas from higher Himalayas. MKT thrust is separating point B/W Eurasian
plate and K.I.A. Some flysh and mollase sediments observed along Indus River at Chillas city. Hot
spring study along K.K.H near Thatapaani area, which is due to active Raikot fault. Thilichi group of
back arc basin, and Chalt volcanoes, gabbroic rock studied at bindindas areas. Observe Aplite rocks
near triple junction point. Diorite rock along with dyke intrusion near jutal area. Yaseen group
metasediment observed in the contact with Chalt volcanoes. Some people marked as MKT. Finally
our main objects of total field is to observed different type of rocks and studied it with lenses to
observed their essential and accessory mineral to identify the rock types, minerals texture, grain
shaped and to observed different structural (fault, folds, joint)in the field work area.

Geomorphological feature point bar, mid channel bar alluvial fans, pajada, meandering stream and
other architecture of stream in gilgit area.
With respect to field geology we work on exposure and traverse mapping along road side, mark
overburden of sediment on the rock and mark different location on the map with the help of
coordinates taken in the field.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
R. A. KHAN TAHIRKHELI et al (Geology of kohistan AND Adjoining EURASIAN
AND INDO PAKISTAN CONTINENT) conducted that Kohistan constitutes about 36000
square kilometres of territory located between the Indo-Pakistan and Eurasian Plates, on the
north-western tip of the Himalaya. Earlier, Dasios (1964) has differentiated this part as a
tectonic zone of Karakorum.
Bulk of Kohistan sequence consists of amphibolites, diorites, meta-norite (pyroxenegranulites) and associated volcanic rocks which are considered to be the crust of an ancient
calc-alkaline island arc. This sequence has been abducted on to the Palaeozoic rocks of the

Indo-Pakistan continent on the south and subducted under the Eurasian Platform along the
northern mega shears.
The northern mega shear along Hini-Chalt-Yaseen-Drosh was formerly used to be
considered the only extension of the Indus suture west of Nanga Parbat. Recent studies by
Tahirkheli et a1 (1 976, 77) have brought to light a southern mega shear marked by the
occurrence of ultramafics and high pressure metamorphic rocks, called Main Mantle Thrust
(MMT), which delineates the southern contact of the Kohistan Island arc and the Indo-Paki
stun continent. This confirms the bifurcation of the Indus suture into two suture zones, west of
Nanga Parbat.
In this paper, an attempt has been made to introduce the geology of Kohistan island arc and the
adjoining Eurasian and Indo-Pakistan continents.
MATHEW P. WILLIAMS et al

(Dept of Geology, Imperial College, London, SW7

2BP, U.K)observed The gneisses, granites and metasediments of the northern exposed margin
of the Indian plate in the Besham antifoam consist of a Precambrian crystalline basement with
younger sedimentary cover. These were metamorphosed during the main fabric-forming event
of the Himalayan orogeny, a ductile simple shear dominated deformation of the footwall of the
MMT during southward over thrusting of the Kohistan Arc. Deformation intensity and
ductility decrease southwards. Subsequent thrusting brought together internally imprecated
blocks which have different deformational metamorphic histories. High grade rocks thrust
over low grade rocks within each block deJine an inverted metamorphic gradient produced by
postmetamorphicthrusting. Major cross folding producing the Beshamantiform, plus brittle
.faults are expressions of the later N-W directed back thrusting and E-W compression and
uplift of the Besham area
Geological survey of Pakistan reported that Northern areas of Pakistan, comprising
Diamir (Chillas), Gilgit,includingHunza and Nagar) Ghizar including ( groups of Yaseen and
ishkomem) and Baltistan ( Skardu district lies between latitude of 35 and 37 and longitude
72 and 77E. It covers total area of 6000 Rm 2and constitute one of the highest mountain
region of the world. The areas has arranged topography with a very high relief some of place
like Rakaposhi, Nangaparbat and K2 are famous worldwide for their elevation and gradient,
Numerous peaks are perpetually snow-covered and the area most extensively glacial outside
three great mountains kanees, the Karakorum, Hindukush and Himalayas dominate the

topographic scenario of the region, Indus, gilgit and Hunza river along with their numerous
tributaries drain the area.
Population is spare and restricted by irrigated plain amidst rugged ranges Gilgit,
Chillas, Hunza and Skardu is main district, All area suited on the world famous Karakorum
Highway (KKH). The KKH is metalled and all weather road, but temporary road block are
common due to rock sliding and mudflow.
The study area from a part of kohistan terrain which sand witched between the Indian
plate to the south and Karakorum (micro continental) and Asian plates to the north.

FIELD DESCRIPTIONS:
Geography of the Area:
We start our study tour from Haripur to Hunza. We work and travel along KKH of total distance is
about 640 km approximately on korakuram highways.. We can stay some days to reaching Hunza at
different location Besham, Chillas and Gilgit.
Actual distance between Haripur to Abbotabad 34km, Abbotabad to Besham. 154km,
Besham to Chillas 200km, Chillas to Gilgit 145km and Gilgit to Hunza 105km.
So we write our description of each and every stop with details as following:

DAY # 1st :
In day first we study along shaheraresham in disttMansehra and batgram and we stay at
Besham continental hotel.
Stop 1
Location: Ahal city
Coordinates: 34311 58.33 N 37 101 57.83 E
Elevation: 1267m

Geotectonically:
According to some people the MCT marked their, but MCT is very controversial in
Pakistan. Peoples says that the highly metamorphosed crystalline rock separated by MCT from
deformed rocks in this area. On the other hand some people said that batal fault and oghi shear
zone indicate MCT there.
Petrology and Mineralogy:
This zone called oghi shear zone or oghi thrust. The felsic intrusion of granodiorite observed
there have highly deformed.
Observation:
Fine grain rock compare to granite showing white colour minerals greater than black
colour minerals. The rock we called granodiorite. It lies in between felsic (granite) and
intermediate (diorite). The black colour minerals are present in greater amount from granitic
rock. The granodiorite shows the mafic minerals is 10 to 25 %, quartz present about greater
than 20 %, and plagioclase , oligoclase are also present, due to shear zone, these are crushed.
Structurally:
Large number of fractures are small faults are present in this area. The rocks are highly
deformed due to high stresses. Batal fault are present there.
Geology:
The shear zone having foliated minerals because of metamorphism which have highly
deformation. And form different grade of metamorphic rocks.

Stop 2:
Location: Near Ahal city OghiMansehra
After some distance travels from Ahal city we study the main Oghi shear zone or thrust along
road saide.
Tectonically:
This area is also highly deformed and having high vegetation above the rock, that area called
the main shear thrust.
Petrology and Mineralogy:
These areas mainly contain granitic rock, which are highly crushed. We studied
granodiorite in this region. The granitic batholiths formed different types of rocks at different
temperature and pressure at different places in the area.

Stop #3:
Location: shaipur chatter near charcoal KKH.
Coordinates: 34 37'343"N 735'56"E Petrology and
Mineralogy:
We observed mostly metamorphic rocks mineral in this region. The minerals are found
in elongated form in the rock due to the high grade of metamorphism. The segregation found
in these rocks. The dark and light band of minerals is separated with their colour. The quartz
and feldspar make light band, while biotite or other mafic minerals having dark band
alternatively. Muscovite mica is present ,so we called it gnesis but when we observed the rocks
on the basis of texture, shape, colour and composition, it explain that the host rocks are
igneous(felsic)or granitic rock. If a rock is igneous basically and recrystallized and developed
gniesosity we called it orthogenesis.

DAY # 2nd:
On this day we study different rock in Besham city and district lower and upper
Kohistan area along KKH. Six different places we studied on this day, and the lecture about
Dasu dam also conducted.
Stop # 1:
Location: near Besham continental hotel Besham district Shangla
Coordinates: 305539.9 N 725234.9E
ELEVATION: 1494 m
Geology of the area:
Mainly the area covered by medium to high grade metamorphic rock have
some patches of Aplite also observed in the rock, all rock of area usually 1800 Mya age of
Precambrian. The most rock is metamorphosed due to the Himalayas orogeny.

Petrology and Mineralogy:

Mainly dominated quartz mineral and some feldspar exist in veins at right side of area
having creamish color mainly cover by weather surface, other rock mentioned below;
Schist:
(Medium grade metamorphic rock) schist observe at near quartz veins have schistosity
developed and mineralogy having quartz, feldspar, micas with some black color mafic mineral
which indicate high grade schist. Schist has graphitic because of large number of graphite
mineral. And show Blackish color.

Paragnesis rock:
High grade metamorphosed rock genesis found the area which have light and dark
color banding, due to high temperature no foliation present in the rock. The host rock of
genesis is sedimentary so we called it Paragnesis.

Orthogenesis:
At Some places our group member observed at have Aplite or granitic rock which was
metamorphosed to orthogenesis.
Aplite:
Igneous felsic rock aplite existed at left side nearest side to BC hotel. Which have like
granitic composition but have fine grain texture compare to granite our teacher told us the
properties indicate that it is Aplite.

Tectonics:
Over all Besham complex have very complex rock lithology granitic, Aplite, amphibole,
genesis, schist or other metasedimentaryrock.
Metamorphism is caused by Himalaya orogeny .contact observed at different rock.

Stop # 2:
Location: near to Besham Area Kohistan
Coordinates: 345734.3N725248.1E
Elevation: 758 m
In this Stop we studied some rock petrology, mineralogy and also some work on mapping of the
area related with field geology.
Petrology and Mineralogy:
The characteristic observe in the rock are mostly high grade metamorphosed having
crystalline and coarse grains minerals .genisosity founded in the rock. Mineral observed quarts in
large amount with micas. That rock is called Paragnesis intruded by some quartz veins.
Field geology (traverse and exposure mapping):
We have base map having contour lines of the area .we practice to marks our own
location through GPS data .we seen or observe the over burden existed on the rock along road
side.
Stop # 3
Location: DubairJijal complex Kohistan
Coordinate: 34219.6 N72543.1E
Elevation: 716 m
The felsic and intermediate rock existed their which is called granodiorite.

Petrology and Mineralogy:

Biotite, quartz and feldspar minerals are observed in the rock .Amphibole minerals
start to developed .the development of amphibole indicate the rock type granodiorite. Its
contain quartz and feldspar near 50 -55 % that rock give named diorite.

Tectonic:
Main mantle thrust or suture zone existed in these area .which separate granodiorite
from ultramafic rock .the main mantle thrust located between our stop 3 and stop 4 in day
2.which we can`t observe but sir told us about it. Age: Precambrian

Stop # 4:
Location: starting of Kohistan island arc
Coordinate: 35240.5 N725637.9E

Elevation: 936m
Tectonic:
The Jijal complex and K.I.A start from that stop .the MMT located beside the stop toward
Besham.
Petrology and Mineralogy:
The mineral observed light green giving vitreous color olivine or dark green pyroxene in the
rock .mainly the Jijal complex covered by ultramafics rock .but these area covered by
peridotite .peridotite have coarse grain intrusive igneous rock. Teacher said us that rock is
mafic but actual name give after thin section studied.

Stop # 5:
Location: Patten valley Kohistan
3543.7"N 725733.1E

Coordinate:

Petrology and Mineralogy:

The mineral observed pyroxene , olivine , plagioclase (ca) , garnet in the rock mostly
showing host rock .peridotite and the mineral show recrystallization at very high grade which
have most of mineral are mafic and alteration occur due to

weathering cause

serpentinization .the overall texture and mineralogy indicate that it was granulites rock
metamorphosed from ultra mafic rock .
Tectonics and Petrology of K.I.A:
Kohistan island arc was formed due to the collision of two plate closing the Tethys
ocean .now it is existed between Indian plate and Eurasian .the age of K.I.A are approximately
90-105 Mya .it is located in Kohistan extent to Chillas district .the rock existed is mainly
ultramafics rock of peridotitegabbros, gabbroic norite, and having metamorphism is occur at
some places forming genesis granulites, diapsoide occurring in the surface.

ABOVE PIC HOST ROCK ULTRAMAFIC HAVE METAMORPHOSED INTO

GRANULITE
Stop # 6
Location: Near Dasu village Area Upper Kohistan

Petrology and Mineralogy:

Mainly the rock in this area around the dam is granulites and amphibolites existed in
surrounding area.

Structure:
Near Kamila amphiboliteskhushi fault is studied.
Engineering geology:
Dasu power project is runoff river scheme located 7km upstream from Dasu village
and 74 km downstream from bhasha dam and 350km from Islamabad.
Its fully concrete RCC dam to generate 4300 MW electricity .it is not storage dam its a
running water project just for electric purpose .dam height is
857 and after storage its reached to 1000 m .two power tunnels constructed on left side and two
power tunnels is right side also while two flushing tunnel one right side and other is left side. The
time require is 8-19 years .two audit tunnels one side is closed and other side is open have 100,80 m
in length .

DAY # 3rd :
Stop # 1:
Location: at Shangrilla hotel lecturer conducted by senior geologist DrIhsanullah about
BhashaDiamir dam.
Geology and Petrology:
Mainly rocks are norite, diorite, dunite, tonalite, some lacustrine deposit famous in area and
some moraine deposit existed also on dam site area.
Project occurs on Indus River 315 km upstream from Tarbela dam and 105 m
downstream from gilgit.40 km downstream from Chillas. Height of dam is 272 m. the
diversion system is two tunnels and one canal. Reservoir level is 1160 m .capacity of
electricity is 560 MW.

Main purpose the dam is storage of water, irrigation and power generation. Controlling
flood damages along Indus River. During construction 31 villages will be effected and 4100
houses.

Stop # 2:
Location: near Shangrilla hotel Chillas city
Coordinate: 352542.7N74631.2E
Elevation: 1064m

Geology and Geomorphology:

Pleistocene moraine deposit of ice age found on the mountain along Indus river .that
moraine deposit of ice age covered in some part of kohistan batholiths rock in the area .the age
of kohistan batholiths is Neogene (105 Mya) and moraine sediment or deposit called Jalipur
sediment.

Non conformity:
Geomorphologically the beneath rock is igneous and above is recent sediment deposit
which indicated the nonconformity along Indus River.

Stop # 3:
Location: Babusar top road Chillas city
Coordinate: 352424" N 74848.6E
Elevation: 1051 m
Geology:
This area is the part of Chillas complex having complex rock .mainly ultramafics to
mafic rock (gabbroic, dunite, hornblendite, diorite, and dunite) at some places. Also present
dyke intrusion of pegmatite and quartz.
Petrology and Mineralogy:
Some great amount of pyroxene and plagioclase existed in the rock near Babusar top
area .the amount of clinopyroxene is greater than orthopyroxene showing darker color called
gabbros. The same composition rock of gabbros but some changes in composition like
clinopyroxene is less thenorthopyroxene and the amount of plagioclase greater called
gabbronorite. In near Babusar top we observe greenish light mineral along pyroxene called

dunitebut some called it peridotite. At some places the amount of hornblende is greater in
amount trock called hornblenditeshowing light and dark color. Dyke or veins of pegmatite
existed in the area which large crystals white and black color of hornblende, quartz, and
plagioclase.Pigmititedeposite existed at babosar top area near chillas city have very larg
crystal slowly crystallization of magma.

Stop # 4
Location: near TattapaaniChillas Karakorum highway
Coordinate: 35280N74336.0E
Elevation: 1190m
There are we observe hot spring water in Tatta area.
Two concepts is suggested for that hot spring water
1) Old concept: the spring is hot due to hot body (magma) existed here at Nangaparbat
side which can heated it.

2) New concept: the active fault gives heat to the spring water and the fault is Raikot.
And geothermal gradient is also the factor of heating of water.

Structure geology of the area:

Raikot fault existed in Thataarea.ray fault is the combination of two thrusting
with strike slip fault .the Thata location fault is dip slip component of thrust disturbed
by strike slip fault.

Stop # 5:
Location: Near Thilichi village

Geotectonic:
It is the sequence of meta sediment deposited by turbidity current in the back arc basin called
Thilichi group sediments .Thilichi group also include in;

1) Meta sediment
2) Chalt volcanoes
3) Gilgit formation

Petrology and mineralogy:

Fine to medium grain metamorphic rock existed in the area having large
amount of garnet minerals .mafic and felsic sequence existed in the surrounding area.
Phylite:
Fine grain metamorphosed rock give us shiny surface and can`t observe the grains or
crystals in the rock.

Schist:
Schist also existed there having mica and garnet etc. minerals and schistosity seen by
naked eyes. Mainly that was sedimentary rock which is metamorphosed.

Gneiss:
Some group member observe gnesosity in the out crop which look like snake meander light
and dark band.

Stop # 6
Location: Benindaas area Jaglot city
Coordinate: 353955.8N 74370.6E
Elevation: 1305 m
Geology and petrology:
Exposed the part of Kohistan batholiths .mainly rock are gabbroic or gabbronorite
at the place and intruded by diorite dyke.
The dyke y like exposed there in the area.

Stop # 7:
Location: triple junction point korakuram highway
Coordinate: 35449.0N 743520E
Elevation: 1370 m
Petrology and Mineralogy:
We study their the rocks of hindukush series On KKH.The similar mineralogy to
granite but very fine grain .grain not seen with naked eyes lens .dykes and veins intruded in
kohistan batholiths

rocks .aplites age is less from kohistan batholiths rocks .because

kohistan batholiths have age 110 -90 mya .the vein or dykes are intruded after some time.
Mainly in this area firstly kohistan batholiths occur about 110mya

then some igneous rocks

intruded after some time and lastly some dykes intruded.

Tectonic of the area:In the world there are three largest mountain series combine in the area called triple
junction .the Himalayas ,Karakoram and Hindukush are the three mountain series in this

area .At this area Indus river called lion river meet with gilgit river .the Indus river excited
before the mountain formed. The afghan block and indian plate collide and form hindukush.
When korakuram block collide with Indian plate created Karakorum series and the collision
of Indian Eurasian plate formed Himalayas series.

DAY # 4th:
Stop # 1:
Location: Jutal Area Gilgitkkh
Coordinate: 355927.5 N 7419 32.9E
Elevation

1522 m

Due to cutting for road we found fresh surface of rock observed there and in this area the
diorite intruded into gabbroic rocks and some veins also observed.
Petrology and mineralogy:
Gabbros: the characteristic was mentioned in other stop have

the part

of kohistanbatholoth

existed in surrounding area.

Diorite:
Diorite pitches or dykes mainly observe there. Olivine mineral existed in small amount quartz
not existed, amphibole existed in that rocks .Mica present in silver colour, small amount of
feldspar existed in diorite. Quartz veins observes having quartz feldspar.

Geology:
1st Kohistan batholiths magmatised 110mya 2nd Intruded batholiths by rocks 75 mya. 3rd The
intrusion of veins or dykes 25-30 mya
Geomorphology:
Along road side KKH large number of alluvial fans and the combination of fans bajada
observed in the area.

Stop # 02:
Location: Near Nomal city Along KKH
Geomorphology:
Geomorphology of the gilgit river in the area observed at this location, river little slow
which create some mid channel bars and point bars .We observes the meandering stream
forming curves, point bars observes at low velocity bank side, mid channel bars was observes
in the middle of stream channel. The gold and havier metals deposited at mid of channel bar
of river. The sediment of mid channel bar is mainly have coarse grains.

Alluvial fan deposits observed there and the bajada of alluvial fans observed at which
there have high vegetation on it, and now nomal city developed on bajada fans. Moraines
deposited observed at the front of some gorge in this mountain region.
Engineering geology:
With respect to engineering geology the housing on alluvial fans are dangerous And the slope on
mountain is very high and it may cause damage to the residential area.

Stop#3:
Location: JaglotGilgit
Coordinate: 3610 2.6N 7417 64 E
Elevation: 1671m
Petrology and Mineralogy:
The series of Chalt volcanoes start from there. The basaltic rocks observed at this
location. Some places the green schist farcies developed due to low grade metamorphism their

chlorite mineral developed .40% dark minerals existed in this rocks some amount of mica,
quartz, feldspar. Quartz amount is low.

Stop #4:
Location: SikandarabadGilgit
Tectonics:
The plates collision point is located there, about 45-55 mya ago the Indian plate colloid
with Eurasian plate and created Himalayas series mainly developed on Indian plate at this
both plates rock existed.

Petrology and Mineralogy:

The metamorphic rocks observed their but not checked with hcl , to check its origin
its quartzite or marble formed from sedimentary rocks of dolomite or limestone .Their existed
contacts between Chalt volcano and Yaseen group meta- sediment .

Stop # 5:
Location: KKH Sikandarabad
Coordinate: 36 14 15.6N 7219 35.4E
Elevation: 1833m
Tectonic:
MKT boundary pointed there by some people between plutonic rocks and Yaseen group
mete-sediment.
Petrology and Mineralogy:
Yaseen group meta-sediment observes there. It considered that it is flysh type deposit
deposited in back arc basin. There are old sediment rocks metamorphosed into different grade
of metamorphic rocks.
At this location the fine grains texture
Phylite.

having clay and mica minerals gives shiny surface called

DAY # 5th
Stop #1:
Location: Diamirbhasha dam
The lecture about this location was conducted in shangrila hotel by DrIhsanullah .We observe the
site of dam and their feature.
DAY# 6th:
Stop # 1:
Location: Near Besham city Beshamshangla
Coordinate: 3452 11.3N 7255 24.5 E
Elevation: 617m

Petrology and Mineralogy:

Metasedimentary rocks covered by vegetation in Besham area the outcrop. The rock
surface is highly weathered. The rocks of Besham complex quartzite observed in the area
intruded by granite or some other veins.

Stop # 2:
Location: Maki masjid Mewa
Coordinate: 34 50 47.6N 7258 28.E
Elevation: 711m
Petrology and Mineralogy:
Sedimentary rocks metamorphosed at some places gnesis developed quartz veins intruded it
formed complex lithology .The schist in area exist in three different form. There may observe
graphic schist, carbonate schist, and quartzite schist from outcrop and samples.

Structure geology:

Thakot fault existed in this area.

Stop # 3:
Location: shinjibala
Coordinate: 34417.1"N 725923.4"E
Elevation: 962m
Petrology and mineralogy:
Rocks give homogeneous look overall .Originally it is part of Mansehra batholiths which are
metamorphosed.

It was high grade metamorphic rocks gnesis developed and is due to

minerals elongation. The lens like structure developed in this rocks texture and the genesisty
or segregation also developed we give it name orthogenesis or special named augenesis.

CONCLUSION:
It was very special field for us studying tectonic of the Besham, Chillas, and KohistanGilgit area.
Petrology of Mansehra, Oghi, Batgram, BeshamKohistan (upper lower) Chillas,
Gilgit rock and work on it. The main rock were peridotite, dunite, gabbros, gabbronorite,
pegmatite, quartz vein, basalt, diorite, granodiorite, hornblendite and granite
Metamorphic rock observed there were Phylite, schist, gnesis, quartzite and
granolitestructurally observe different faults, folds features.
Geomorphologically observed stream morphology alluvial fans, land sliding. Geotectonically
if the area different thrusting passed from this area MMT, MCT, MKT. triple junction, plate collision
zone etc.
Mapping can do at different area location of Kohistan along roadside.

Two lectures about Dasu dam project andBasha dam with the senior geologist and mainly
some rocks intruded some megmatized some metamorphosed and check all texture, and
composition.
Mineralogy we observed there were quartz feldspar, garnet, micas, chlorite, diapsoide, hornblende,
olivine, pyroxene, amphibole and plagioclase.