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Must Satisfy
1. Equilibrium of forces.
2. Displacement compatibility.
3. Force-displacement relation.
7.2 ASSUMPTIONS
Hookes law.
Small deflections.
Change in length under a deflection to member length = 0.
Principal of superposition.
Frames member inextensible.
191 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
f2, d2
f1, d1
f 1 =1,
192 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
d1m = 1
m
f1 = 1
Fm
d1
d1 = L/3EI =F11,
d2 = -L/6EI =F21
(derived from slope deflection relations)
L
L
& F22 =
Similarly, F12 =
6 EI
3EI
L 2 1
Fm =
6EI 1 2
7.4
EA
L
f1 =
d 1 d1 =
f1
L
EA
L
f1 = 1 d1 =
= Fm
EA
f1
m
L
F
= = 1x1matrix
EA
7.5
d1
d1 = (L/EA)f1
f1
{d }= F {f }
m
For m
d 1
d 2
3
d
4
d
th
member.
F 1
0
0
0
F2
0
0
0 0
... 0
0 F N
0
Uncoupled
n
193 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
{d}= [F]m{f}
COLLECTIVE flexibility matrix
Internal forces
[entire str.]
EXAMPLE :b + r = 5+ 3 = 8
2j = 2x4 =8
L
[F1] =[F2] =[F3] =
EA
2
[F4] = [F5] =
L
EA
1
0
0
0
0 0
1 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
2
0
0
0
L
0
EA
0
2
194 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
d
{d} = d
d
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
f
{f} = f
f
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
5
3
f11
2
f1
P1
3
f1 = [b]
P2
f 4
1
5
f1
5x2 matrix
195 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
bij = Internal force f i caused by unit external force Pj, with all other external forces = 0.
P2 = 0 f i s will be first column of [b]
P2 = 1 f i ' s will be second column of [b]
P1 = 1
P1 = 0
P1 =1 P2= 0
= 0
0
1
P1 =0 P2= 1
M
F
=0
=0
196 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
[b] =
-1
-1
Collection of flexibility
Matrics of member
2
Let U 1, U2 . . . . . . . . UN = displacements.
( {f } = internal forces)
{u} = [b]T [ F ]c { f }
frd
{ f } [b]{P}
1 0 0 0
[ FTS ] =
0 0 1 0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
1 0
0
0
L
0 1
EA
0
0
0
2
198 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
0 1
2 EA
0
0
0
2
1 0 0 0
=
0 0 1 0
0
L 1
=
0
1
+
2 2
EA
u
P
Therefore, 1 = [ F ]TS 1
u
2
P2
0 P1
u1 L 1
=
u
0
3
.
83 P2
EA
2
Therefore, u1 =
P1 L
EA
u2 =
3.83P2
EA
Determine {P}
Define fm, [Fm], [F]c
Form [b]
internal forces {f}=[b]{P}
[F ]TS = [b]T [ F ]c [b]
{u} = [ F ]TS {P}
7.9 EXAMPLE
P1
{P} = P2
P3
u1
{u} = u 2
u 3
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Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
f11
1
f2
{f}=
2
f1
f 2
2
[F ]c
d11
1
d 2
{d } =
2
d1
d 2
2
0
2 1 0
1 2 0
0
L
=
0
2 1
6EI 0
0 1 2
0
{ f } = [b]{P}
{f}----- 4x1
[b]------4x3
{P}------3x1
P1 =
1.0
P2 =
1.0
P3=
1.0
L 2L 1
0 L 1
[b] =
0 L
1
0 0 1
No. of columns = No. of P force.
[F ]TS = [b]T [ F ]c [b]
2
0 0 0
L
L
1
=
2 L L L 0
0
EI
6
1 1 1 1
0
2L
0 0 0
L
L
L
=
2 L L L 0
0
6 EI
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 L 2L 1
2 0 0 0 L 1
0
2 1 0 L
1
0 1 2 0 0 1
5L
3
4 L 3
2L
3
L 3
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L 2
2
=
5L 16 L 12 L
6 EI
3L 12 L 12
2 L2 5 L2 3L P1
u1
L
2
2
Therefore, u 2 =
5L 16 L 12 L P2
6 EI
u 3
3L 12 L 12 P3
2
2
(2L P1 + 5L P2 + 3LP3 )
Therefore, u1 =
6 EI
2
u2 =
5L3 P1 + 16 L3 P2 + 12 LP3
6 EI
3L2 P1 + 12 L2 P2 + 12 LP3
6 EI
2 P1 L3
5P L3
3P L2
If P2= P3=0 u1 =
u 2 = 1 , u3 = 1
6 EI
6 EI
6 EI
If P1=P3=0 P2= P
u3 =
If the points where displacements are desired are not loaded, we must apply a fictitious load of
zero value at those points.
201 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
u p b T F b b Tp Fc bx P
= Tp c p
T
u x bx Fc b p bx Fc bx X
u p F pp F px P
= F
u x xp Fxx X
[ ]
{x} = [F ] [F ]{P}
xx
xp
{ f } = [b p ]{P} + [bx ]{ X }
Otherwise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
{ f } = [b p | bx ] P
7.
{u } = [F ]{P} + [F ]{X }
[Fxx]=bxTFbx
pp
px
202 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
b+r = 9
DSI=1
P1=1
2j=8
P2=1
X=1
1
1 0
0
0
1
0 1
1
0
0
2
0
2 2
0
1
0
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Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
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Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
[F ]c
1
0
0
=
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0 L
0 0 EA
2 0
0 1
0
0
0
2
0
0
[F ] = [b ] [F ] [b ]
[F ] = [b ] [F ] [b ]
[F ] = [F ] = [b ] [F ] [b ]
T
pp
px
xp
px
[ ]
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Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
[ ] [ ]
P
{ f } = [b / b ]
X
[ ]
Ans. u p = F pp {P} + F px {X }
p
7.12 EXAMPLE 4
w = 10 kN/m
5m
3j + c
13
5m
12
5m
wl
2
wl
2
5
wl
8
3
wl
8
wl 2 / 8
9
wl
8
wl
2
3
wl
8
wl
12
wl2
12
wl 2
12
CASE 1.
wl 2
24
CASE 2.
wl
2
3
wl
8
II A
9
wl
8
wl2
24
wl2
12
IIB
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Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
CASE II B is equivalent to -
P1
P3
P2
Primary structure -
u3
P1
P3
X
X
u1
p2
u2
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Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
f23
f12
f21
f22
f13
2
1
f111
P1 = 1
[b]
P2 = 1
P3 =1
X=1
-1
f11
-1
f21
-1
-0.5
2.5
-0.5
-1
2
f22
-1
2
f13
f22
- 2.5
P1=1
f12
P2=2
P3=1
P2=1
208 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
X=1
X=1
1
10
1
10
1
10
1
10
=
C
5
EI
-1
-1
-1
-1
Fpp
Fp x
Fxp
Fxx
-1
-1
up
Fpp
Fp x
Fxp
Fxx
=
ux
=o
ux = 0 = Fxp p + Fxx X
X = - Fxx-1 Fxp P
up = Fpp p + Fp x X
P
X
+ FEM
209 | P a g e
Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi
case II A
EXAMPLE 5
case I
P = 50 kN
3
5m
5m
5m
3b + r
3j + c
13
12
DSI = 1
f22
f23
X = Same as Ex. 4
f12
f13
f21
f11
-1
1
L
2
- L/2
-1
1
2
- 1
2
Fc =
FPP = bpT Fc bp = L3
EI
Fxp = bxT Fc bp =
X = Fxx-1
Fpx = bpT Fc
3L2
EI
Same as Ex. 1
bx
= L2
EI
Fxx = bxT Fc bx =
3.5 L
EI
Fxp P = 0.857 PL
Up = Fpp P + Fpx X =
1.428PL3
EI
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Dr. Suresh Bhalla, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi