(page.aspx?

ID=Home&LN=)

The worlds most comprehensive materials database

KeyBenefits

WhatsInside

ResourceCenter

Aboutus

Language

Login
(page.aspx?
ID=Login&LN=EN)

OrderNow(Page.Aspx?ID=OrderNow&LN=EN)
Contact(Page.Aspx?ID=ContactUs&LN=EN)

912% Chromium Steels: Part

Two
Abstract:

An overview of the development of heat-resistant ferritic-martensitic

9-12% Cr steels from the 1980s is given in this article. The properties
of several 912% chromium steels are described, with examples of the
graphs of 100,000 h creep rupture strength of steam turbine rotor
steels and piping steels.

TRY FOR FREE

(PAGE.ASPX?
(page.aspx?
ID=Register&LN=)
ID=REGISTER&LN=)
Search Knowledge Base
Enter a phrase to search for:

Search by

Full text

Headings

Keywords

Abstracts

This article belongs to a series of articles. You can

The steel referred to in the literature as 9Cr1Mo or P91 (no. 6) is a steel of the
newer generation. It was developed under a huge American national project
in the late 1970s for manufacturing pipes and vessels for a fast breeder
reactor. It is tough, readily weldable and, as shown by creep tests at 593C up
to about 80,000 h, has a high creep strength at 600C and 100,000 h of about
94 MPa.

click the links below to read more on this topic.

912% Chromium Steels: Part One (page.aspx?
ID=CheckArticle&site=KTS&NM=272)

Finding creep data in the Total Materia

(page.aspx?ID=Home&LN=EN) database

In comparison with earlier steels it is characterized, for example, by a lower C

content of only about 0.10% and a reduced Cr content of about 9%. This steel
has meanwhile found wide application in all new Japanese and European
power stations for the manufacture of pipes and small forgings. It is also
used for the manufacture of valve chests and turbine casings.

Total Materia (page.aspx?ID=Home&LN=EN)

Steel HCM 12 (no. 7) is a newly developed Japanese 12% Cr steel with 0.10% C
1% Mo 1% W 0.25% V 0.05% Nb 0.03% N and a duplex structure of
delta-ferrite and tempered martensite with improved weldability and creep
strength. The stability of the creep strength of this steel has been obtained
primarily by precipitation strengthening with very fine VN precipitates and
high-temperature tempering at over 800C.

temperatures are displayed along with the

Experience with this steel has already been accumulated over a period of
more than 20 years. The steel has been extensively used for superheater
tubes in chemical recovery boilers exposed to severe high-temperature
corrosion attack. The good resistance to corrosion is due to the high Crcontent of 12%.

designated field and then click Search.

The Japanese rotor steels TMK 1 and TMK 2 (no. 8), developed in the 1980s,
were based on the known properties of steels no. 16. Compared with the GE
rotor steel (no. 5), the C content in particular was reduced and the sum total
(C + N) was selected at around 0.17%. Based on the research work of Fujita,
the Mo content was raised to 1.5% in TMK 1, whereas TMK 2 is additionally
alloyed with about 1.8%W. The Mo content is simultaneously balanced to
0.50% in keeping with Fujitas result that the highest solution hardening was
obtained with (Mo + 0.5W) = 1.5%. Both rotor steels have been used for new
power stations in Japan.
Rotor steels nos. 9 and 10 are primarily the result of research work
performed in the 1980s under the European cooperation program COST 501.
Steel no. 9 is a 9%CrMoVNb steel which is additionally alloyed with about
0.01% boron. It is an onward development of the TAF steel for large
components with reduced contents of Cr, Nb and B and with an increase in V.
Creep tests with specimens from a 900 mm diameter pilot rotor, which have
so far reached about 100,000 h, indicate a probable creep rupture strength of
about 120 MPa at 100,000 h and 600C. Creep tests up to 94,000 h with

Extended Range includes the largest database of

creep data for thousands of metal alloys, heat
treatments and loading conditions.
Yield stress and creep rupture strength at different
calculation of Larsen-Miller parameter and the
remaining life of the component.
Enter the material of interest into the quick search
field. You can optionally narrow your search by
specifying the country/standard of choice in the

Total Materia (page.aspx?ID=Home&LN=EN) After

clicking the material from the resulting list, a list of
subgroups derived from standard specifications
appears.

specimens from a 600 mm diameter pilot rotor with a similar composition

confirm this value. A larger pilot rotor with a diameter of about 1200 mm is
under investigation.
The creep strength of the steel X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 (steel no. 10)
containing 0.06%N instead of 0.01%B and only 1% Mo instead of 1.5% Mo
and, in addition, 0.8% W, is about 20% lower, see Figure 3. So far, the longest
test period is about 100,000 h.

Because Total Materia (page.aspx?

ID=Home&LN=EN) Extended Range creep properties
are neutral to standard specifications, you can
review creep data by clicking the appropriate link for
any of the subgroups.
Yield stress and creep rupture strength data is given
in a tabular format.

This rotor steel has primarily been used for the new advanced European
steam power plants. This steel type has also successfully been applied for
many valve chests and turbine casings in the new plants.
The pipe steel, E 911, developed under COST 501, features a somewhat
comparable chemical composition. The Cr content was reduced to roughly
9%. The Ni content is also distinctly lower since because of the lower Cr
content there is no risk of the occurrence of delta-ferrite. Based on results up
to roughly 100,000 h, the creep rupture strength of this steel is estimated to
be 98 MPa at 600C and 100,000 h.

You can also enter your own temperatures and

stress values to manipulate the data to show the
Larson-Miller Parameter for theoretical conditions
of your choice.
Simply enter your desired conditions and click
calculate.

Figure 3: 100,000 h creep rupture strength of steam turbine rotor steels as a

function of test temperature.
Steel no. 11 is also based on the research work of Fujita. It is a 9% Cr pipe
steel specifically alloyed with 0.10% C 1.8% W 0.5% Mo 0.2% V 0.06%
Nb 0.05% N and about 0.003%B and tempered at about 750C. It was

For youre a chance to take a test drive of the Total

Materia (page.aspx?ID=Home&LN=EN) database, we
invite you to join a community of over 150,000

developed in the second half of the 1980s under the designation NF 616
(P92). Based on creep tests up to about 100,000 h, the creep rupture strength
is estimated to be 113 MPa at 600C and 100,000 h.
A similar pipe steel HCM 12A (P122), steel no. 12, has also been developed in
Japan alloyed with a higher Cr content of 11% in order to improve oxidation
resistance. About 1% copper has been added to reduce the tendency to delta
ferrite formation caused by the higher Cr-content.
The newest evaluation of the available results of long term creep tests led to
an estimated creep rupture strength of 101MPa at 600C and 100,000 h.
Figure 4 compares the 100,000 h creep rupture strength versus the
temperature for the new pipe steels. In addition to the pipe steel P91, all
three pipe steels (E 911, NF 616 and HCM 12A) are in successful use for the
new advanced steam power plants.

Figure 4: 100,000h creep rupture strength of steam plant piping steels as a

function of test temperature.

Date Published: Jun-2010

How it Helps (page.aspx?ID=HowItHelps&LN=EN)

Unique Features (page.aspx?ID=BenefitsForYou&LN=EN)

registered users through the Total Materia Free

Demo. (page.aspx?ID=Register&LN=EN)

How it Helps (page.aspx?ID=HowItHelps&LN=EN) Unique Features (page.aspx?ID=BenefitsForYou&LN=EN)

Product Overview (page.aspx?ID=ProductOverview&LN=EN) Articles (page.aspx?ID=Articles&LN=EN) News and Updates (page.aspx?ID=News&LN=EN)
Terms of Use (page.aspx?ID=TermsOfUse&LN=EN) Site map (page.aspx?ID=SiteMap&LN=EN)
2016 Key to Metals AG. All Rights Reserved.