LABORATORY OUTCOME BASED ASSESSMENT GUIDELINE

TOPIC EXPERIMENT: FLUID CHARACTERISTICS

PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES (PLO)
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering fundamentals to well defined civil engineering
theories and procedures.
2. Use necessary skills and technique to conduct experiment and civil engineering practices
3. Communicate effectively both in written and spoken form with other collegue and community.
4. Provide effective solution to civil engineering problems.
5. Develop social responsibilities and humanistics values
6. Recognise the need and to engage in, lifelong learning and professional
development.
7. Apply entrepreneurship skill for career development.
8. Adhere to professional codes of ethics to adapt in working environment.
9. Demonstrate effective leaderships skills and team work responsibilities.
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO)
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:1. Explain clearly the fluid characteristics, fluid pressure and solve problems in flow of fluid using
Bernoullis Equation(C4)
2. Apply principles to solve problems in laminar and turbulent flow and relation to Reynolds number,
Darcys and Hagen-Poiseuille equation for problem solving (C3)
3. Apply appropriate knowledge in minor loss in pipe and uniform flow in open channel (C3)
4. Conduct correctly methods and procedures of hydraulics solution towards practical problems (P2)
5. Demonstrate positive team working attributes by contributing actively in group for laboratory tests that
yield valid results (A3)

No.
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0

Lab.Title

Teaching
Method

PLO

CLO

GSA / LD

2&9

4&5

LD 2 & LD 9

Fluid Characteristics
Bernoulli Theorem
Reynolds Number

Practical

Fluid Friction Test

Uniform Flow
Learning Domain (LD):
Generic Student Attributes (GSA):
GSA 1 Communications Skills
GSA 2 Critical Thinking and Problem
Solving Skills
GSA 3 Teamwork Skills
GSA 4 Moral and Professional Ethics
GSA 5 Leadership Skills
GSA 6 Information Management Skills and
Continuous Learning
GSA 7 Entrepreneurship Skills

LD 1 Knowledge
LD 2 Practical Skills
LD 3 Communicatio Skills
LD 4 Critical Thinking and Problem
Solving skills
LD 5 Social Skills and Resposibilities
LD 6 Continious Learning and
Information Management Skills
LD 7 Menagement and Entepreneurial
Skills
LD 8 Professioalism , Ethics and
Moral
LD 9 Leadership and Teamwork Skiils

NO. EXPERIMENT

: 1

TOPIC EXPERIMENT

: FLUID CHARACTERISTICS

OBJECTIVE

: To determine density and specific gravity

APPARATUS

: Universal Hydrometer
3 of Hydrometer Jars

Figure 1: Universal Hydrometer

THEORY :
Density is mass per unit volume. The unit of density is (kg/m3) and the formula is:
= m

where m = mass (kg) and V = volume (m3)

Fluid density depends on the temperature and pressure. Density declined with
the rise in temperature. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.

Specific gravity is density of liquid times the gravity acceleration divided by the
density of water times the gravity acceleration. No unit for specific gravity
and the formula is:

Gs = liquid (g)

where g = 9.81 m/s2 and water = 1000 kg/m3

water (g)

PROCEDURES :

1. Fill one hydrometer jar with sufficient water to float the hydrometer and
check that the scale marking corresponding to depth of immersion reads
1.00
2. Fill two hydrometer with the liquids to be tested with sufficient of the liquids
to float the hydrometer and note for each liquid the scale reading.
(The specific gravity is read directly from scale)

RESULTS :

a)

LIQUID

SCALE READING :
SPECIFIC GRAVITY, Gs

WATER
ENGINE OIL
CASTOR OIL

b)

LIQUID

DENSITY,
kg/m3
g/ml

WATER
ENGINE OIL
CASTOR OIL

* Show all the calculations

QUESTIONS :

i.

Determine the specific gravity.

ii.

Determine the density of liquid in unit kg/m3 & g/ml.

iii.

Prove the specific gravity is equal to relative density.

iv.

What can you concluded from the result?