MSE 20.

Fundamentals of Material Science and Engineering

3rdQ 2015-2016

HW # 2

Write the complete and clear solutions to the problem. Use clean sheet of bond paper to show
your solutions.
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Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in iron at 900C. The energy for
vacancy formation is 1.08 eV/atom. Furthermore, the density and atomic weight for Fe are
7.65 g/cm3 and 55.85 g/mol, respectively.
Calculate the composition, in weight percent, of an alloy that contains 218.0 kg titanium, 15
kg of aluminum, and 10 kg of vanadium.
Determine the approximate density of a high-leaded brass that has a composition of 64.5
wt% Cu, 33.5 wt% Zn, and 2.0 wt% Pb.
Some hypothetical alloy is composed of 12.5 wt% of metal A and 87.5 wt% of metal B. If the
densities of metals A and B are 4.25 and 6.35 g/cm 3, respectively, whereas their respective
atomic weights are 61.5 and 125.7 g/mol, determine whether the crystal structure for this alloy
is simple cubic, face-centered cubic, or body-centered cubic. Assume a unit cell edge
length of 0.395 nm.
A sheet of steel 2.5-mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 900C and is
permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen
in steel at this temperature is 1.85 1010 m2/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.0 10 7
kg/m2s. Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure
surface is 2 kg/m3. Assuming a linear concentration profile, how far into the sheet from this
high-pressure side will the concentration be 0.5 kg/m3?
Consider a diffusion couple composed of pure nickel and a 55 wt% Ni-45 wt% Cu
alloy.Determine the time this diffusion couple must be heated at 1000C (1273 K) in order to
achieve a composition of 56.5 wt% Ni a distance of 15 m into the Ni-Cu alloy referenced to
the original interface. Values for the preexponential and activation energy for this diffusion
system are 2.3 10-4 m2/s and 252,000 J/mol. For this situation, the solution to Ficks second
law (assuming that the diffusion coefficient for the impurity is independent of concentration)
is as follows:

x
C C2
erf
Cx C2 1
1

2
2 Dt

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Note: at t=0 and x=0 position is taken as the initial diffusion couple interface, whereas C 1 is the
impurity concentration for x<0, and C2 is the impurity content for x>0.
A specimen of copper having a rectangular cross section 15.2 mm 19.1 mm is pulled in
tension with 44,500
N force, producing only elastic deformation. Calculate the resulting strain.
A cylindrical specimen of steel having a diameter of 15.2 mm and length of 250 mm is
deformed elastically in tension with a force of 48,900 N. Determine the following:
(a) The amount by which this specimen will elongate in the direction of the applied stress.
(b) The change in diameter of the specimen.
A steel alloy to be used for a spring application must have a modulus of resilience of at least
2.07 MPa. What must be its minimum yield strength?
A tensile test is performed on a metal specimen, and it is found that a true plastic strain of
0.16 is produced when a true stress of 500 MPa is applied; for the same metal, the value of K is
825 MPa. Calculate the true strain that results from the application of a true stress of 600 MPa.
What is the magnitude of the maximum stress that exists at the tip of an internal crack having
a radius of curvature of 1.9 104 mm and a crack length of 3.8 102 mm when a tensile
stress of 140 MPa is applied?
If the specific surface energy for aluminum oxide is 0.90 J/m 2, compute the critical stress
required for the propagation of an internal crack of length 0.40 mm.

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