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TRANSFER
CDB 2023: PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER
Jan Semester 2016
(1) PROFESSOR DR MOHAMED IBRAHIM B ABD
MUTALIB
(2) DR. YEONG YIN FONG
Lesson Outcomes:
At the end of this session:
1) Understand the physical mechanism of convection and its
classification.
2) Understand the development of velocity and thermal
boundary layers during flow over surfaces.
3) Distinguish between laminar and turbulent flows.
4) Obtain convection coefficients and determine heat
transfer rates to or from surfaces of various geometries in
external flow.
5) Obtain convection coefficients and determine heat
transfer rates to or from fluids flowing inside pipes of
various geometries.
6) Obtain convection coefficients and determine the heat
transfer rates in natural convection heat transfer from
various geometries.
Outline
Chapter 6: Fundamental of
Convection
Physical Mechanism of
Convection
Classification of Fluid Flows
Velocity Boundary Layer
Thermal Boundary Layer
Chapter 7: External Force
Convection
Parallel Flow over Flat Plates
Flow Across Cylinders and
Spheres
Flow Across Tube Banks
Reference Books:
Cengel, A. Y. and Ghajar, J. A., Heat and Mass
Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications, 5th Ed.
McGraw Hill 2015.
Holman, J. P. Heat Transfer, 10th Ed., McGraw Hill,
2009.
Outline
Chapter 6: Fundamental of
Convection
Physical Mechanism of
Convection
Classification of Fluid Flows
Velocity Boundary Layer
Thermal Boundary Layer
PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF
CONVECTION
Newtons law
of cooling
Eq 6-1
Eq 6-2
Nusselt Number
Eq. 6-5
Lc characteristic length
Outline
Chapter 6: Fundamental of
Convection
Physical Mechanism of
Convection
Classification of Fluid Flows
Velocity Boundary Layer
Thermal Boundary Layer
11
CLASSIFICATION OF FLUID
FLOWS
i) Internal versus External Flow
ii) Laminar versus Turbulent Flow
iii) Natural (or unforced) versus Forced
Flow
iv) Steady versus Unsteady Flow
12
13
15
Reynolds Number
The transition from laminar to turbulent flow depends
on the geometry, surface roughness, flow velocity,
surface temperature, and type of fluid.
The flow regime depends mainly on the ratio of inertia
forces to viscous forces (Reynolds number).
Eq. 6-13
17
18
18
19
19
Outline
Chapter 6: Fundamental of
Convection
Physical Mechanism of
Convection
Classification of Fluid Flows
Velocity Boundary Layer
Thermal Boundary Layer
20
21
22
Prandtl Number
The relative thickness of the velocity and the thermal
boundary layers is best described by the
dimensionless parameter Prandtl number.
The ratio of momentum diffusivity (kinematic viscosity)
to thermal diffusivity
Eq. 6-12
23
Summary of Chapter 6
Physical Mechanism of Convection
Nusselt Number
Classification of Fluid Flows
Velocity Boundary Layer
Thermal Boundary Layer
Prandtl Number
Laminar and Turbulent Flows
Reynolds Number
25