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Module 4

Physics Paper 2 Section B


1. Many uses of radioactivity involve the decay of radioisotopes.
Table 1 shows an equation of a reaction before and after an alpha decay.
Alpha decay
Before reaction
Equation

After reaction

214

210

Pb + 4He

84

82

Po

Table 1
Table 2 shows an equation of a reaction before and after a beta decay.
Beta decay
Before reaction
Equation

After reaction

14

14

N + 0e

-1

Table 2
a) i) What is meant by radioisotopes?
[1 mark]
ii) Using the information given in Table 1 and 2 and your knowledge on radioactivity,
compare and contrast alpha decay and beta decay.
[5 marks]
b) In the explosion of an atomic bomb, only 500 g of uranium of its initial mass is
converted to energy in 1 m s-1
Calculate the power of the bomb.
(Speed of light, c = 3 x 108 m s-1)
[4 marks]

Module 4
Physics Paper 2 Section B
c) The Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT) proposed to
develop nuclear energy in Malaysia because the current fossil fuels reserves are
estimated to be depleted soon.
Diagram 1 shows a nuclear energy power station.

Diagram 1
Using your knowledge on radioactivity, suggest and explain the safety precautions
required to operate the nuclear power station.
[10 marks]

Module 4
Physics Paper 2 Section B
2. Often, like following natural disasters like tsunami ,World Food Programme of
United Nation will supply vitamin fortified high energy biscuits to the affected area.
These biscuits are essential to give people energy and strength while they wait for
help.
If the biscuits cannot be brought in by road, they are dropped by plane or helicopter.
Using appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain suitable designs or ways so
that these biscuits can be dropped by a plane or helicopter and reach the ground
suffering as little damage as possible.
[10 marks]

Module 4
Physics Paper 2 Section B
3. Diagram 2.1 and 2.2 below show the two generators and their respective output
wave forms.

Diagram 2.1

Diagram 2.2

(a) What is mean by electromagnetic induction?


[1 mark]
(b) i. Using diagram 2.1 and 2.2, compare the connection at the ends of the coil, the
contact between the rings and the carbon brushes and the output wave forms.
[3 marks]
ii. State the type of generators in diagram 2.1 and 2.2 respectively.
[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 2.3 shows an electromagnetic relay in the starter system of a car.

Diagram 2.3
A current of up to 200 A is required to start up the car engine. Explain how the small
current from the low voltage supply can start the car engine.
[4 marks]

Module 4
Physics Paper 2 Section B
(d) Diagram 2.4 shows a generator.
Suggest ways of increasing the efficiency of the generator. Give your reasons.
[10 marks]

output
Diagram 2.4

Module 4
Physics Paper 2 Section B

4. A researcher is to investigate the various properties of different materials to measure


temperature. The formula to calculate temperature is

x x0
100 o C
x100 x0

where x is the value of property of the material at temperature.


x0 is the value of property of the material at ice point.
x100 is the value of property of the material at steam point.
The following table shows three types of thermometer and their properties
Types of
thermometer

Property

Ice point

Value of property
Steam point

Mercury inglass
thermometer
Resistance
thermometer
Gas
thermometer

Length of
mercury (cm)

3.50

15.50

Resistance ()

75.00

63.00

64.99

Pressure (kPa)

110

80

85.1

Room
temperature

a) (i) What is meant by steam point of a material ?


[1 mark]
(ii) There are two fixed points in the calibration of a temperature scale. Name the
two fixed points.
[2 marks]
(iii) Find the room temperature in oC recorded by the resistance thermometer.
[3 marks]

Module 4
Physics Paper 2 Section B
(iv) Find the room temperature in oC recorded by the gas thermometer.
[2 marks]
(v) If the value of room temperature recorded by using gas thermometer is more
reliable, what is the value of property l , at room temperature for mercuryin-glass thermometer?
[3 marks]

(b)

The figure above shows a kind of thermometer using two metals that are riveted
together.
(i) Describe the principle of this thermometer briefly.
[4 marks]
(ii) Discuss the advantages of the use of this kind of thermometer over the liquid- inglass thermometer in some electrical appliances.
[5 marks]

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