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Introduction
Successful in service performance of cargo hold coating systems
depends not only on the correct choice of coating but also on the
procedures adopted for surface preparation and paint application.
This document is designed to assist ship operators, shipyards and
contractors achieve the optimum preparation and application
standards so maximising performance of cargo hold coatings
applied at maintenance and repair drydocking. For simplicity, each
section assumes surface preparation by abrasive blasting.
Typical condition of cargo hold after 3 years in service with a conventional coating system.
Layout
Staging should afford easy and safe access to all surfaces to be
coated, but should be at least 150mm to 300mm (6" to 12") from Mobile platform being lowered into a cargo hold.
Distance between staging levels should not exceed two metres Cleaning
(6.5 feet) and the staging layout should be such that ventilation is If abrasive blasting or abrasive sweeping is carried out, the bulk of
not restricted. spent abrasive and dust must be removed prior to the initial
blasting inspection.
Care should be taken when removing scaffolding in order to minimise
damage to a freshly applied coating. All coating damages should be Following acceptance of the preparation standard, all remaining traces
repaired in accordance with the recommendations of the International of abrasive and dust should be removed from all areas using industrial
Paint Representative on site. vacuum cleaners fitted with brushes, or by other suitable methods
If mobile platforms or ‘cherry pickers’ are used, they should be When preparing surfaces by other means, all traces of debris should
capable of giving access to all parts of the cargo hold. Operatives also be removed by appropriate methods.
should not have to lean or stretch excessively to gain suitable access.
Final examination of the prepared substrate prior to coating application
must be undertaken on completion of all cleaning operations.
Dehumidification
Dehumidification equipment, when used must be of adequate
capacity to maintain the condition of prepared steelwork to the
specified standard.
Cargo hold hatch covers must remain open
during coating curing period.
“For optimum performance
of cargo hold coatings, close
control of dry film thickness
is essential.”
Tip Size
Airless spray tips must be the size stipulated on the Product
(Technical) Data Sheet or as agreed with the International Paint
Representative on site. Tips must be in good condition.
Mixing
Efficient mechanical stirrers or power agitators should be used to
ensure complete mixing of the coating (applicable for 1-pack and
2-pack coatings).
Steel Temperatures
Coatings may only be applied to properly prepared surfaces which
have been maintained in a dry condition with the steel temperature
at least 3°C (5°F) above the dew point for more than one hour.
Curing and drying characteristics of coatings are dependent on Airless spray coating application via the use of a mobile platform.
holds. Typical areas where stripe coats should be applied include: Welded areas on Hatch Coamings
Welded areas of
• backs of stiffeners Frame Feet and
All welded areas
Bracket Toes
on Bulkhead
• cut outs i.e. scallops, etc Corrugations
• welds
• areas of difficult access (corners etc)
• ladders and hand rails Welds between
Hopper Sloping
Plate and Tank Connection of
• areas of properly prepared pitting Top Bulkhead Stool
to Hopper
In general, stripe coats should be applied by brush or roller Sloping Plate
depending on the items concerned. • Areas of properly prepared pitting and ladders/hand rails
(neither shown in above diagram) also require stripe coat application
agreed with the International Paint Representative on site. The ventilation system must prevent the solvent vapour concentration
in the hold from exceeding 10% of the lower explosive limit (or less
than this if required by local regulations).
If, for any reason, the hatch covers cannot be open during coating
application and curing (e.g. as a result of bad weather) the same
ventilation requirements are still needed and should be maintained for
at least 48 hours after completion of coatings application, otherwise
release of solvent from the coatings during drying/curing may create
an explosive atmosphere.
Typical stripe coat application to side shell frames.
Heating
If heating is necessary to satisfy the painting or curing specification it
Ventilation Layout should be by means of a heat exchange system, i.e. air admitted to
During in situ applications, the hatch covers should be open and the hold should not pass directly through a combustion chamber.
forced ventilation (via flexible trunking) should be in place and remain Provision must be made for 24 hour surveillance of equipment.
Coating solvents are generally heavier than air, and therefore, the protected (Ex) so as not to ignite any solvent vapour. The lighting
ventilation system and trunking must be capable of extending to should provide suitable illumination for all work and be sufficiently
the lower most parts of the hold. Trunking should be arranged so powerful (mains supplied) at all times.
that continuous air movement occurs in all areas and no dead Time to First Cargo Loading
spaces exist. Adequate time must be given to any freshly applied cargo hold
Ventilation must be arranged so as not to re-introduce abrasive dust coating prior to loading the first cargo. The factors which determine
and solvent vapour, for example, into the holds. this period are varied and should be discussed with International
Paint on a case-by-case basis. In all cases hatch covers should
Equipment should be electrically safe; it should be designed so that
remain open for as long as possible after completion of the coating
sparks or hot surfaces/bearings are not in contact with solvent laden
procedure.
air. Fan motors must be outside the extraction airstream.
Guidelines of cure time versus potential coatings damage from a first
loaded cargo are available from International Paint on request.
Repairs
These procedures are recommended for the repair of damages either at the initial coating stage or during
cargo hold maintenance. The procedure recommended will depend upon the type and extent of repair
involved.
Minor Repairs
These are repairs to areas damaged, either at the initial coating stage, (e.g. caused by destaging) or caused
during the in service period (e.g. cargo induced damages, subsequent corrosion etc).
The principle requirements are:
• Fresh water wash to remove all salt contamination and any remaining cargo residues.
• Degrease according to SSPC-SP1 solvent cleaning to remove oil, dirt etc.
• The area to be repaired must be dry.
• Remove any corrosion by means of either:
- vacuum blasting
- mechanical cleaning i.e. disc sander or grinder.
• Abrade coated area immediately surrounding repair to provide a key for subsequent paint adhesion.
• Apply the paint system in accordance with the agreed specification. If small areas are involved and application is by brush (or roller), several coats may
be required to achieve the correct dry film thickness.
• All products must be applied in line with detailed advice provided by International Paint on can (container) labels, Product (Technical) Data Sheets and
Material Safety Data Sheets.
• Consult International Paint for details on minimum cure times prior to cargo loading/service entry following coating repairs.
International Paint Ltd is part of Akzo Nobel, the Netherlands based company serving customers throughout the world
with healthcare products, coatings and chemicals. Consolidated sales for 2003 totalled EUR 13 billion.
Akzo Nobel currently employs approximately 64,300 people in more than 80 countries.
Important Notes:
All representations and statements concerning the product(s) in this brochure are accurate to the best of our knowledge. Statements made in this
brochure are advisory only and are not intended to be specific recommendations or warranties of any product, combination of products or fitness for any
particular purpose. To the extent permitted by law, we do not accept any liability to any person for any loss or damage (direct or indirect) that may arise
from any use of or reliance on any of the methods or information contained in this brochure for any purpose.
Unless otherwise agreed in writing, all products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to the Conditions of Sale of our
supplying company. Any warranties, if given, are contained in those standard Conditions of Sale and are the only ones made with respect to any
products we sell to you or advice or recommendations we give to you.
For each of our products the relevant Product Data Sheet, Material Safety Data Sheet and package labelling comprise an integral information system
about the product in question. Copies of our Product Data Sheets and Material Safety Data Sheets are available on request or from our website:
www.international-marine.com
, International and all products mentioned in this brochure are trademarks of or are licensed to Akzo Nobel.
© Akzo Nobel, 2004
SL12/PI4023
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