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Edulabz International
GRAVITATION
10
Gm1m2
d2
{Where G is the
universal
gravitational constant}
Fgravitation =
G . M earth mobject
d2
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between the centre of gravity of the object and the centre of the
earth.
Q. 3. What do you mean by free fall?
Ans. When an object falls with a constant acceleration, under the
influence of force of gravitation of the earth, object is said to
have free fall.
Q. 4. What do you mean by acceleration due to gravity?
Ans. The constant acceleration experienced by a freely falling object
towards the earth is called acceleration due to gravity. Its
average value on the surface of the earth is 9.81 ms2.
Q. 5. What are the differences between the mass of an object and
its weight?
Ans.
Mass
Weight
a body.
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balance.
(d) Its SI unit is kilogram.
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balance.
(d) Its SI unit is Newton.
1
th its
6
GM
R2
N /kg
gMoon =
1.74 1.74
1012
gMoon = 1.63 ms2.
g Moon 1 63 ms 2 1
=
= approx .
g Earth 9.81 ms 2 6
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gMoon =
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1
g
.
6 Earth
Ans. When the object has density less than 1 gcm3 i.e. density of
water, then it floats on the surface of water, because, it always
displaces more weight of water than its own weight. As buoyant
force is more than its own weight, therefore, it floats.
When the object has density more than 1 gcm3 i.e. density of
water, then it sinks in water, because, it always displaces less
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1
d2
1
(1 2 )
= 4.
G.M
d2
G M earth mobject
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d2
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6.4 106
m2
6.67 6 1011+ 24
=
6.4 6.4 1012
=
6.67 6
1011+ 24 12 N
6.4 6.4
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We know that F =
Ans. (i)
GmM
R2
If m = 2m
Then F =
G 2mM
GmM
=
=
2
R2
R2
GmM
R2
F=
GmM GmM
=
(2 R) 2
4R2
1 GmM
F=
4 R2
Hence, when R is doubled, force of gravitation decreases by 4
times.
b) We know that F =
GmM
R2
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We get F =
GmM
( 3R )
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1 mM
= 2
9 R
GmM
R2
G (2m)(2 M )
R2
mM
F = 4 2
R
Hence, masses of objects are doubled, force of gravitation
increases four times.
Q. 18 What is the importance of Universal Law of Gravitation?
Ans. The following are the importance of Universal Law of
Gravitation:
1. It is the gravitational force between the sun and the earth,
which makes the earth to move around the sun with a uniform
speed. Similarly, it is the gravitational force between the earth
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and the moon, which makes the moon to move around the earth
with uniform speed. In fact, it is the gravitational force which is
responsible for the existence of our solar system.
2. The tides (rising and falling of water level in sea) are formed in
sea due to the gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon
on the surface of water.
3. It is the gravitational pull of the earth, which holds our
atmosphere in place. It is the gravitational pull of the earth, due
to which the rain drops fall towards the earth and the rivers flow
towards the sea.
4. It is the gravitational pull of earth, which keeps us and other
bodies firmly on the ground.
5. It is the gravitational pull of the earth, which keeps the
enormous amount of water in oceans in place and prevents it
from flowing.
Q. 19 What is the acceleration of free fall?
Ans. The average acceleration of free fall on the surface of earth is
9.81 ms2.
Q. 20 What do we call the gravitational force between the earth
and the object?
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9.81
ms2
6
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(ii) the total time it takes to return to the surface of the earth.
Ans. (i) Initial velocity of the ball (u)
= 49 ms1
= 0
be
calculated]
Acceleration
due
to
gravity
= ? [To be calculated]
Applying, v2 u2
(0)2 (49 ms1)2
= 2gS
= 2 9.8 ms2 S
49 49m 2 s 2
S=
2 98ms 2
S = 122.5 m
Applying,
v = u + gt
49ms 1
t =
= 5 s.
2
9.8ms
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(ii) Now, time for upward journey of the ball is equal to the time
for downward journey of the ball.
Total time taken by the ball to return to the surface of earth
= 2 t = 2 5 s = 10 s.
Q. 25 A stone is released from the top of a tower of height 19.6 m.
Calculate its final velocity.
Ans. Initial velocity of stone (u)
=0
= 19.6 m
Applying,
v2
= 19.6 19.6m s s 2
= 19.6 ms1.
Q. 26 A stone is thrown vertically upward with initial velocity of
40 ms1. Taking g = 10 ms2, find the maximum height
reached by the stone. What is the net displacement and total
distance covered by the stone?
Ans. Initial velocity of stone (u)= 40 ms1
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Applying,
G M earth M sun
(Distance of the earth from the sun)2
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= 35.57 1021 N.
Q. 28 A stone is allowed to fall from the top of a tower 100 m high
and at the same time another stone is projected vertically
upward from the ground with a velocity of 25 ms1.
Calculate, when and where the two stones will meet. [Take g
= 10 ms2].
Ans. Let x be the distance from the ground where the two stones
meet after time t.
For the stone coming down :
=?
S = ut +
1 2
gt
2
(100 x) = 0 t + 10t2
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S = ut +
1 2
gt
2
x = 25 t +
1
10t2
2
25t = 100
t = 4 s.
100 x
= 5 (4)2
100 x
= 80
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100 80 = x
= 20 m.
Ans. As the ball returns back to thrower in 6 s, the time for its
upward journey = 6 s 2 = 3 s.
For the upward motion of ball
v = u + gt
0 = u 10 ms2 3 s
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u = 30 ms1
u = 30 ms1
Applying,
S = ut +
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1 2
gt
2
S = 30 ms1 3 s
1
10 ms2 (3 s)2
2
= 90 m 45 m = 45 m.
For the downward motion of ball
=0
Applying,
S =0t+
1 2
gt
2
1
10 ms2 (1 s)2
2
= 0 + 5 m = 5 m.
Position of ball after 4 s from ground = 45 m 5 m = 40 m.
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weight, and hence, experiences buoyant force more than its own
weight. Thus, on being released the buoyant force acting on it,
pushes it up the surface of water.
Q. 32 The volume of 50 g of a substance is 20 cm3. If the density of
water is 1 gcm3, will the substance float or sink?
Ans. Mass of substance (m)= 50 g
m
500 g
3
=
=
2.5
gcm
.
=
2
V 350cm
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m
500 g
3
=
1.43
gcm
.
=
V 350cm 2
The packet will sink in water, as its density (1.43 gcm3) is more
than the density of water (1 gcm3).
Volume of the water displaced = Volume of the packet
(V)
= 350 cm3
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