You are on page 1of 3

B gio dc v o to

thi chnh thc

k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia


lp 12 THPT nm 2005
Mn: ho hc, Bng B
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao
)
Ngy thi th nht: 10/3/2005

Cu 1
t chy kim loi magi trong khng kh. Cho sn phm thu c
tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch axit clohiric, un nng ri c
dung dch n cn kh. Nung nng sn phm mi ny v lm ngng
t nhng cht bay hi sinh ra trong qu trnh nung.
Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong th
nghim trn v cho bit c nhng cht g trong sn phm ngng
t c.
Cu 2
Nhng hai tm km, mi tm c khi lng 10 gam vo hai dung
dch mui kim loi ho tr hai. Sau mt thi gian xc nh, ly hai
tm km ra khi dung dch, ra sch, lm kh ri cn li. Kt qu
cho thy mt tm c khi lng 9,5235 gam, tm kia c khi lng
17,091 gam.
Cho bit: Mt trong hai dung dch mui kim loi ho tr hai l
mui st (II); lng km tham gia phn ng hai dung dch l nh
nhau.
1. Gii thch hin tng xy ra mi dung dch.
2. Cho bit kim loi no tham gia vo thnh phn dung dch mui
th hai.
Cu 3
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau y:
1. NaCl
+
H2SO4 c, nng
2. NaBr
+
H2SO4 c, nng
3. NaClO +
PbS
4. FeSO4 + H2SO4 + HNO2
5. KMnO4 + H2SO4 + HNO2
6. NaNO2 + H2SO4 long
Cu 4
1. Tnh in li ca ion CO 32 trong dung dch Na2CO3 c pH
=11,60 (dung dch A).
2. Thm 10,00 ml HCl 0,160 M vo 10,00 ml dung dch A. Tnh pH
ca hn hp thu c.
3. C hin tng g xy ra khi thm 1 ml dung dch bo ho CaSO 4
vo 1 ml dung dch A.

-1-

Cho: CO2 + H2O


HCO3 + H+ ; K = 106,35
HCO3
H+ + CO32a1 ; K = 1010,33
tan ca CO2 trong nc bng 3,0.10a22 M.
Tch s tan ca CaSO4 bng 105,04; ca CaCO3 bng
108,35
Cu 5
Cc vi ht c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng: 3s 1, 3s2,
3p3, 3p6 l nguyn t hay ion? Ti sao?
Hy dn ra mt phn ng ho hc (nu c) minh ho tnh
cht ho hc c trng ca mi vi ht.
Cho bit: Cc vi ht ny l ion hoc nguyn t ca nguyn t
thuc nhm A v nhm VIII(0).
Cu 6
Mt bnh in phn cha dung dch NaOH (pH=14) v mt
bnh in phn khc cha dung dch H2SO4 (pH = 0) 298K. Khi
tng hiu in th t t hai cc mi bnh ngi ta thy c kh
ging nhau thot ra c hai bnh ti cng in th.
1. Gii thch hin tng trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
mi bnh (khng xt s to thnh H2O2 v H2S2O8).
2. Tnh hiu in th ti thiu phi t vo hai cc mi bnh
cho qu trnh in phn xy ra.
3. Ngi ta mun gim pH ca dung dch NaOH xung cn 11. C th
dng NH4Cl c khng? Nu c, hy gii thch v tnh khi lng
NH4Cl phi dng gim pH ca 1 lt dung dch NaOH t 14 xung
cn 11.
4. Khi pH ca dung dch NaOH bng 11, th hiu in th ti
thiu phi t vo hai cc ca bnh in phn cho qu
trnh in phn xy ra l bao nhiu?
+
Cho bit:
Eo
=2H
0,4
V ; Eo
= 1,23 V;

, 1/2 O / H2O
H O, 1/2 O / 2OH
2
2
2
pKb (NH3) = 4,75
Cu 7
Ngi ta thc hin phn ng 2 NO2 (k) + F2 (k)
2 NO2F (k)
trong mt bnh kn c th tch V (c th thay i th tch ca
bnh bng mt pttng). p sut ban u ca NO2 bng 0,5 atm,
cn ca F2 bng 1,5 atm. Trong cc iu kin tc u v o =
3,2. 103 mol.L1.s1.
1. Nu thc hin phn ng trn cng nhit vi cng nhng lng
ban u ca cht phn ng nhng thm mt kh tr vo bnh
cho th tch thnh 2 V, cn p sut tng qut vn bng 2 atm, th
V
tc u bng 8.104 mol.L1.s1. Kt qu ny c cho php thit
2
lp phng trnh ng hc (biu thc tc ) ca phn ng hay
khng?

-2-

2. Ngi ta li thc hin phn ng trn cng iu kin nhit vi


cng nhng lng NO2, F2 v kh tr nh (1) nhng gim th tch
xung bng
. Tnh gi tr ca tc u vo .
3. Nu thay cho vic thm kh tr, ngi ta thm NO2 vo cho p
sut tng qut bng 4 atm v th tch bng V th tc u v o =
1,6.102 mol.L1.s1. Kt qu ny cho php kt lun nh th no v
phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng?

Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu ngoi qui


nh.

Gim th khng gii thch g thm.

-3-

You might also like