Procedure

1. Get a chip and tape from the TA

2. Check the tube. If it is bent then cut it using scissors.
3. Attach the tube to the chip. Attach it to the straight path first.
4. Place the syringe on the clamp on the stand.
5. Place the chip in the petri dish and tape it down.
6. Place the petri dish, with the chip inside it, on the microscope. Ensure
that the path you want to observe is on the center of the microscope.
7. Place the fluid in the syringe and allow it to flow through the tube
8. Use the plunger to apply additional pressure to the fluid and force it
through the channel. (This was done for too long and caused an
overflow on the exit tube of the chip)
9. To clean the fluid droplet, use a tissue to gently dab the fluid. This will
cause the droplet to absorb into the tissue and clean the surface of the
chip.
10.
Lowered the clamp on the stand to create flow (why? Gravity).
Olympus CK40 Microscope, #11
In our first attempt, the fluid overflowed. In the case of an overflow remove
the dish from under the microscope, clean the dish and restart the
experimental set up from step.
**Get picture of chip in petri dish
Sources of Error:
1. The chip may not be thoroughly clean and actually might have residual
fluid or water.
2. The tubing being bent could cause some problems.
Data
Straight Channel
1. Where do you expect the maximum velocity to be? Where do you
expect to see the largest velocity difference?
We expect a max velocity near the center of the the path (center between
the two path walls), since the fluid experiences minimal friction from the
path boundary at the center. We expect the greatest velocity difference to be
further along the the path, probably near the middle or the end, because the
fluid near the boundary is decelerated by the friction forces exerted on it by
the boundary. The farther along the fluid travels, the more friction the
boundary fluid experiences and the slower it goes. At the same time, the
fluid in the middle goes at the same (or faster?) velocity.

2. What kind of flow do you observe?

I dont know
3. Find the velocity profile of the fluid. (Hint. You know the scale of the
photograph and you can manipulate the exposure time of the
photograph until you get a streak with a measureable length) [v=d/t]
Will do that later
4. How can you manipulate velocity?
Change the height of the syringe with respect to the chip
5. Use position of the syringe above or below the chip to manipulate the
velocity.
6. Use a gravity head by changing the amount of fluid in the 10mL
syringe. Find a relationship between the amount of fluid and the
velocity.

Bead Channel
(flow was to the left)
1. How does velocity change as the channel widths change? Calculate
what you would expect them to be, state your assumptions, as well as
which factors you think are the most relevant.
As the width became more narrow, the velocity increased, and when the
width widened, the velocity slowed.
2. Look at the channel which changes widths. Use the fluorescent beads
to investigate the difference between the two widths and the transition
between the widths. What do you notice?
3. How to abrupt transitions differ from gradual ones?
4. Re-evaluate the effect of a gravity head on velocity in the new
channels? Is it different?

Bends in Channels
1. How does velocity change before and after bends?
2. Do you observe laminar flow?
3. Is there a difference between curves and sharp turns?
4. Draw the paths the beads take around the bends.