SOLAR CHARGER

GROUP MEMBERS:
DANIAL ALI
016)

(DDP-FA12-BTE-

NOUMAN ZAHID

(DDP-FA12-BTE-114)

HAFIZ GHULAM DASTGHIR

(DDP-FA12-BTE-116)

PRESENTED TO:
ENGINEER UMAIR SAFDAR

CONTENTS:

Components
Introduction
Abstracts
Reference

We thanks to ALLAH and with the prayers of our parents and

guidance of our teachers we made this project successful.

Components:

Solar panel 17 watt

Transistor BC-548
Diodes IN-4007
Resistors R1=180 ,R2=1k , R3=10
Variable resistor
Zener diode
Battery 6v/4.5Ah
Mobile phone

Introduction:
3

Today, solar energy is mean of energy especially in advanced

countries. But in Pakistan the use of solar energy is very
limited. They are the only way we can convert sunlight into
electricity directly and day by day they are getting better,
smaller and cheaper. Every hour the energy available from the
sun is more than what humans require for an entire year.
Petrol, diesel and all these fuels are nothing but suns energy
concentrated over years and years.

Solar panal:
Solar panels are simply made up of solar cells lined up
together in series and parallel. And are p-n junction
semiconductor devices with pure silicon doped with n
type phosphorous on the top and p type on the base. If
the panel is placed in the sun, photons of light strike the
electrons in the p-n junction and energize them, knocking
them free of their atoms. These electrons are attracted to
the positive charge in the n-type silicon and repelled by
the negative charge in the p-type silicon. Connecting wires
across the junction will have a current in them.

Battery:
This circuit is designed for a 6V, 4.5Ah battery. This
means a 4.5A current will charge the battery in
1hour and 30min.

Variable resistor:
We used 1K variable resistor to control the voltage.

Diodes:
1N5812 Diodes are simply blocking diodes which
ensure that the current flows only in one way so that
the battery doesnt discharge when the output from
solar panel is low.

Zener Diode and Transistor:

This part of circuit ensures that once the charging
cut off voltage is reached by the battery, the
charging stops. The Zener is rated at 6.8V as
breakdown. This allows all the voltage to drop across
the Zener and the transistor switches on due to
biasing of the Base-Emitter junction. The transistor
acts like a switch and once the battery is charged, it
draws all the current thus protecting the battery.

zener
diode

Abstracts:
Solar chargers are simple, portable and ready to use devices
which can be used by anyone especially in remote areas. The
aim of this project is to make a simple battery charger further
by using the battery we charge the cell-phone. Solar panels
dont supply regulated voltage while batteries need so for
charging. Hence, an external adjustable variable resistor is
used. We used BC-548 transistor and two IN-4007 Diode to
control the flow of voltage in circuit. A zener diode switches on
to ensure charging is cut off at the saturation point. We use 6V /
4.5Ah battery. At the end we set 3.5-4.3V for charging mobile
phone battery.

REFERENCE:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell
http://www.electroschematics.com/4746/solarcharger-circuit/
http://www.earthtimes.org/energy/solar-cellsfuture/1403