LECTURE 4

ISOMETRIC VIEWS.
& PROJECTIONS

Engr. Ali Raza Khalid

Civil Engineering drawing

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
Iso means equal and metric projection means a projection to a
reduced measure.
Isometric projection is a method for visually representing threedimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering
drawings. It is an axonometric projection in which the
three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angles
between any two of them are 120 degrees.

Civil Engineering drawing

PROJECTIONS

Civil Engineering drawing

ORTHROGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHROGRAPHIC PROJECION looking through the plane

(Plane between observer and object)

ORTHROGRAPHIC PROJECION looking Directly at object

(object between observer and plane)

Civil Engineering drawing

OBLIQUE PROJECTION

OBLIQUE PROJECION looking through the plane

(Plane between observer and object)

OBLIQUE PROJECION looking Directly at object

(object between observer and plane)

Civil Engineering drawing

PERSPESTIVE PROJECTION

PERSPESTIVE PROJECION looking through the plane

(Plane between observer and object)

PERSPESTIVE PROJECION looking Directly at objective

(object between observer and plane)

Civil Engineering drawing

VIEWS

Civil Engineering drawing

Isometric: Receding lines drawn at 30 and are usually kept at true measured
lengths.

Perspective: Used more with freehand sketching. Parallel lines appear to

converge and meet at what is referred to as the vanishing point. You can have
one, two or three vanishing points (VP).

Civil Engineering drawing

Oblique: Front face sketched as a true shape. Starts with two axes, one
horizontal, one vertical. The third axis is usually drawn at 45 and lengths are
reduced by 50% of true lengths. Sometimes called 'cabinet' projection

Civil Engineering drawing

PROJECTION PLANES

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ANGLE PROJECTION

Four Quadrants
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ANGLE PROJECTION
Projections created with the object placed in the first quadrant are said to be in First
Angle projection, and likewise, projections created with the object placed in the third
quadrant are said to be in Third Angle projection.

3rd Angle Projection

1st Angle Projection

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ANGLE PROJECTION

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ANGLE PROJECTION
Both systems of projection, First and Third angle, are approved internationally and
have equal status. The system used must be clearly indicated on every drawing, using
the appropriate symbol.

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ANGLE PROJECTION
The component:
Your drawing will, for this example
consist of four views:

Front F
Left L
Right R
Plan (Top)

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FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

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THE END !!
ANY QUESTIONS ??
Engr. Ali Raza Khalid
Civil Engineering drawing