Antennas 116

Antenna Synthesis
Given a radiation pattern, find the required current
distribution to realize it.

Synthesis Principles
For a line source, the pattern is

Define normalized pattern as

where
Let

is normalized to give the normalized pattern.

116

Antennas 117

We have

This is Fourier Transform. The inverse gives

Usually, the
derived from the inverse Fourier
Transform of a given
is infinite in extent. To
approximate, truncate the current as follows
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Antennas 118

Example 8-1
Given
The current is
The generated pattern is

Woodward-Lawson Sampling Method

Let

118

Antennas 119

where

Then

where
Note that
Provide better match than Fourier transform.

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Antennas 120

Linear Array Shaped Beam Synthesis Methods

Fourier Series Method
Expand

in interval

by Fourier series

Then

Compare to a equal space linear array with current

amplitude and spacing

We can make
to approximate the pattern.

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Antennas 121

Woodward-Lawson Sampling Method

The synthesized array factor is the superposition of
array factors from uniform amplitude, linear phase
arrays:

where

Comparison

Ripple R:

in main beam.

Transition width T:
121

Antennas 122

Dolph-Chebyshev Linear Array Method

Chebyshev Polynomials

which is a polynomial of
A few examples,

with order n.

Properties:
1.
2.
3.

Number of extreme values in

122

: n1.

Antennas 123

4.
5.

Number of roots: n. Roots are all in

.
All curves pass through (1,1), and (-1, 1) for even
order, (-1,-1) for odd order.

Suppose a linear array with spacing , total number of

element . Then, array factor is
where
If the current distribution is symmetric, that is,
or rewrite it this way using the mid-point as the phase
reference,
for
for
Rewrite it again,

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Antennas 124

In both cases,

is a polynomial of

with order

.
Let
then

Beam maximum occurs at

maximum

, or

. Then the

Visible regions:

, or
.

Maximum side lode level:

To compute
or

124

, or

Antennas 125

For narrowest mainbeam width for a given side lobe

level,

where

Half-power beamwidth:

where

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Antennas 126

or

Directivity:

Example 8-5
Five-element, broadside, -20 dB side-lobe, halfwavelength spaced Dolph-Chebyshev Array (P=5, N=2)

where
From 8-48
then

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Antennas 127

Example 8-6
Optimum 10-element, -30 dB SLL, Dolph-Chebyshev
endfire array

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Antennas 128

The Taylor Line Source Method

Let
where

is a constant and

At the pattern maximum,

which is the main beam-to-side lobe ratio.
In side lobe region,
The zeros of this function are

In the main beam region,

The maximum occurs at

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Antennas 129

As

This is the ideal Taylor line source where

Zeros are at
Taylor line source:

where
The pattern becomes

where the zeros are

The required current distribution

129

Antennas 130

The half power beam width

130