Lab Report

WELDING LAB

SUBMITTED BY:
ARYARIQ TARIQ
REG # 2015-IM-34

SUBMITTED TO:
Miss.SANA EHSAN

Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
INTRODUCTION

ES OF WELDING:

Some of the best known welding methods include:

Electric welding:

Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) - also known as "stick welding or

electric welding", uses an electrode that has flux around it to protect
the weld puddle. The electrode holder holds the electrode as it slowly
melts away.Slag protects the weld puddle from atmospheric
contamination.

TIG WELDING:

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) - also known as TIG (tungsten, inert
gas), uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld.
The weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by an
inert shielding gas such as argon or helium.

MIG WELDING:

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) - commonly termed MIG (metal, inert
gas), uses a wire feeding gun that feeds wire at an adjustable speed
and flows an argon-based shielding gas or a mix of argon and carbon
dioxide(CO2) over the weld puddle to protect it from atmospheric
contamination.

SPOT/RESISTANCE WELDING:

Resistance welding is a thermo-electric process in which heat is

generated at the interface of the parts to be joined by 4 an electrical

current through the parts for a precisely controlled time and under a
con- trolled pressure (also called force).

Spot welding is one form of resistance welding, which is a method of

welding two or more metal sheets together without using any filler
material by applying pressure and heat to the area to be welded.

ARC WELDING:

Arc welding is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to

create an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to
melt the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC)
or alternating (AC) current, and consumable or non-consumable
electrodes. The welding region is usually protected by some type
of shielding gas, vapor, or slag. Arc welding processes may be manual,
semi-automatic, or fully automated. First developed in the late part of
the 19th century, arc welding became commercially important in
shipbuilding during the Second World War. Today it remains an
important process for the fabrication of steel structures and vehicles.

CONTINUOUS WELDING:

A weld that is continuous along the entire length of the joint. A

"continuous weld" can have multiple starts/stops within it, all
depending on the length of the joint, the process used and number of
layers.

WELDING JOINT:

A welding joint is a point or edge where two or more pieces

of metal or plastic are joined together. They are formed by welding two
or more work pieces (metal or plastic) according to a particular
geometry. Five types of joints referred to by the American Welding
Society: butt, corner, edge, lap, and tee. These configurations may
have various configurations at the joint where actual welding can
occur.

WELDING JOINT TYPES:

Joint Types The American Welding Society defines a joint as the

manner in which materials fit together. As shown in Figure ,there are
five basic types of weld joints:

Butt joint.

T-joint.

Lap joint.

Corner joint.

Edge joint.

Butt Joint:

A butt weld, or a square-groove, is the most common and easiest to

use. Consisting of two flat pieces that are parallel to one another, it
also is an economical option. It is the universally used method of
joining a pipe to itself, as well as flanges, valves, fittings, or other
equipment. However, it is limited by any thickness exceeding 3/16.

Corner Joint:

A corner weld is a type of joint that is between two metal parts and is
located at right angles to one another in the form of a L. As the name
indicates, it is used to connect two pieces together, forming a corner.
This weld is most often used in the sheet metal industry and is
performed on the outside edge of the piece.

Edge Joint:

Edge welding joints, a groove type of weld, are placed side by side and
welded on the same edge. They are the most commonly replaced type
of joints due to build up accumulating on the edges. They are often
applied to parts of sheet metal that have edges flanging up or formed

at a place where a weld must be made to join two adjacent pieces

together.

Lap Joint:

This is formed when two pieces are placed atop each other while also
over lapping each other for a certain distance along the edge.
Considered a fillet type of a welding joint, the weld can be made on
one or both sides, depending upon the welding symbol or drawing
requirements. It is most often used to join two pieces together with
differing levels of thickness.

Tee Joint:

Tee joints, considered a fillet type of weld, form when two members
intersect at 90 resulting in the edges coming together in the middle of
a component or plate. It may also be formed when a tube or pipe is
placed on a baseplate.

REFERENCES:

www.weldingtypes.net
www.gw.com>pdf>samchap
www.atelierbg.com>new>the-5-types-of-joints
https://en.m.wikipedia:org>articles>types_welding
www.gowelding.org>articles>types_welding