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Kinematics
Linear Motion
"------.x
179/1115
L-----__ x
point of
release
D~-----~x
N76/11/4
light beam
c~
a
A 0
n:~
light beam
a
0),--#-#-++-1+-
ground
g if if
it y::
H
II
::::
t!
2"'(12- (I)
2h1Ctl- (12)
IrI(tl- (12)
1112(2 -
,,2/(12-11)
photocell
II)
N7911115; J851114
A
3 Kinematics
o~~
o
27
__________
_______________
time
.A' Physics Topical Paper
n
C
D
acceleration
displacement
kinetic energy
velocity
C
D
E
6 A
10
80
80
N851112; J88/112
:~:~:~
x and'lJt 2
x and II I
xllandt
xlrlandt
xl f and I
oL----
D
h
N81111/6
N87JII4
7 The
A
B
C
25m
37.5 m
50m
75m
100m
11
J821HI2; J8511/3
B
C
D
30m S-I
22ms- 1
20m S-I
17ms-1
10m S-I
N88J1I3
28
ABC
:LILIL
~~ li
tOt
-t
tOt
J89/1/4
force L._--l.._ _ __
time
k~~~L
D
Ek~
..
Ek~
time
time
speed
N89/I/2
speed
L+;=-
time
- .J~-ti-m-e~-
oiL..
J91/1/3
lrl------~
I-.-J I
I L.,I_ _ _ _- - I
I
metal cylinders
I
track of
particie
I
A 8
time
A
B
12 m S-I
13.3 m S-I
C
D
40 m S-I
48 m S-I
J94/1/5
0.60
0.40
D
0.20
-0.20
E
J90/I/6
3 Kinematics
-0.80
29
O.gOm
I.Om
C
D
2.0m
4.0m
N941I/3
B
h
time
Which of the following is the corresponding graph of
displacement against time?
c .
D
h
Adl~~J~.
time
o!-'=~
displacement
____
t .
J97/113
N951115
represents the
oO " - - - - - -........'-t
I
v
0 O!------lOlt...---~
I
c
oO!---~---- olr---t----..3o,O~~------------~----~------.
time
N961I14
3 Kinematics
30
N97/1/3
23
26 A motorist travelling at 13
27
o~-'------'"
time
n
C
D
J98/1/1
24 A
28 The
speedlms- '
50 - - - - - - - - - -
R
n S
40
C
D
R+S
R-S
N98/1/3
-"JC"------ B
A
25
2S The graph shows the variation with time I of the velocity vol'
a bouncing ball. released from rest. Downward velocities are
taken as positive.
O+------r-----~r_~
At which time does the ball reach its maximum height after
bouncing?
20
40
lime/s
Fig. 4
(a) How far does car A travel during the lirst 20 s?
[I]
[2]
n to catch
with car A?
O~------~~~----~~--------~
t
[1]
(e) How far will each car have then travelled since t
up
[2]
=O?
[I]
J99/1/3
3 Kinematics
31
29
(a)
Define acceleration.
[I]
31
(a)
II and an acceleration a.
After a time t, the body has moved a distance s and has
a final velocity v. The motion is summarised by the
equations
v = II + at,
[4]
196/II/1 (part)
= 1/2 eu + v) t.
30 Fig. 5,
a in these equations.
(ii) Use the equations to derive an expression for v in
30
[2]
Define acceleration.
(c)
20
velocity
1m 5- 1
10
. [3]
~-- ----
of-~4-~~~~~-r-r-+~~-+~----10
20
30
70 time/s
50
-5
Fig.S
(a) Using information from the graph obtain
2.50m
ms-2
Fig. 7
distance = ................ m
(i)
[4]
x=
-b..Jb2 -4ac
2a
.]
time = ............................ s
distance
from start
N99/J112
Long Questiolls
32 A particle moves in a straight Iinewith uniform acceleration.
10
20
30
40
Fig. 6
3 Kinematics
50
60
70
time/s
N971[[/1
32
(b)
(c)
(d)
J89/1I/9
(c)
(iv) the time taken for the ball to reach its maximum
height,
(v) the maximum height to which its rises.
if it were projected vertically upwards with the same speed
J811I113 (part)
as that calculated in (a) above.
driver will stop ill the distallces shown ill Ihe table.
Speed
Thinking*
distance
Brakingt
distance
1m S-I
1m
1m
5.0
10
15
20
25
30
35
3.0
6.0
9.0
12
15
18
21
1.9
7.5
17
30
47
68
92
[3]
Overall
distance
1m
carriages?
4.9
13.5
(d)
26
[8]
N901J11/1
42
62
86
113
36 (a)
37 (a)
33
(b)
(b)
Fig.S
A block is fixed rigidly to the lower end of the slope.
The ball of mass 0.70 kg is released at time t = 0 from
the top of the incline and v, the velocity of the ball
down the slope, is found to vary with t as shown in
Fig. 9.
(e)
(d)
(e)
10
5.0
vIm s-I
6
2
-4.0
-5.0
Fig.
(i) Describe qualitatively the motion of the ball
10
12
to
J93/11111
[7]
39
(ii) Calculate
.(I)
tIs
Fig. 9
(a)
velocity
J921H1/1
time
38 The graph. Fig. 10. shows how the velocity v of.an athlete
Fig. 11
above zero.
3 Kinematics
II
[4]
[2]
J95/111/1 (purl)
34
40 (a)
(b)
[2]
v = II + at,
(ii)
v2 = 1/2 + 2as,
,1
(i)
41
n
C
D
are equal.
decrease at a constant rate.
have equal horizontal components.
increase at a constant rate.
have equal vertical components.
N79/11/4
T.
T
P~
zero at T.
greatest at T.
greatest .\1 P.
the same at P ,IS at T.
45 A projectile of mass
o~~--------------
/II
Fig. 12
(i) Explain how it is possible to deduce from Fig. 12
Projectile Motion
Fig. 14
n
C
zero
1/2 III V
/II\!
D
E
{2
III V
2mv
N80111/6
o~~---------------.x
Fig. 13
Neglecting air resistance, its height Y: and the horizontal
distance.r it has travelled, at time t after projection are
n
C
D
)' =
=Itt cos e
y = lit cos 8,
)' = lit sin ()- 1/2gt 2,
3 Kinematics
1/2gt 2
J79/1114
J8111114
35
47 An aeroplane, flying in a straight line at a constant height of 50 A ball is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff on the
surface of the Earth with a speed of 40 m S-I, Assuming that
there is no air resistance. what will its speed be 3 slater?
d
10km
Skm
5km
2km
Ikm
A
B
C
D
25 s
25 s
10 s
lOs
5s
A
B
C
D
~
51
30m S-I
40 m S-I
SOm S-I
60 m S-I
70m S-I
J881113
J82111/3
g:;:&
S.O
rine
mm , :';07n7 ~ im;a~I-~Ip ,
25 m
,,
: second position
1 oC targel
I
first pOSItion
oC largel
50 m
Fig. IS
5{2mm
10mm
15mm
vim S-I
him
10
10
30
30
50
30
30
50
50
10
A
B
C
It
20mm
25mm
N8211J14
52
189/1/3
10 m
.-1
ball
'--'T""'1....,..,-----..,.......
"T""-'
trolley
LJ' zJ'
...
.
D
3 Kinematics
. . ..
E
J8411113
.. .
E
N9J1114
36
S3
20
Ims- 1
10
125
2.0
1.0
3,0
limels
-10
n
C,
D
E
-20
5 ms- I
IOms- 1
IS ms- I
20ms- 1
25 ms- I
Fig. 18
J9311/3
5S (a)
S-I
at an angle
(c) The ball in (b) rises into the air and then returns to the
Fig. 16
,-.
(b) The stone in (a) is being thrown from the top of a cliff
106m
1.6m
Fig. 19
The speed of the motorcycle as it leaves the ramp is 14 m S-I.
Neglect air resistance throughout this question.
(a) On Fig. 20, the line OA represents the velocity of the
Fig. I?
On the axes of Fig. 18, draw graphs to represent the
variation with time of
Fig. 20
37
(i)
Long Questions
59
Figo' 22
(a)
S-I
The cars are each of width 1.6 m and the same height
as the ramp. Estimate the maximum number of cars
which the motorcyclist can jump for the take-off speed
of 14 m S-I.
60
(b)
J97/11/1
58
(e)
10
15
20
30
25
Fig. 21
The arrow is aimed so that, on release, it makes an angle
with the horizontal.
(i)
d in terms of v,
2.
the
acceleration of free fall g.
C
'5
the
[3]
::: Ec
_0 .....
.8.g
.,u .,u
C
..
;;;
""
d = v2 sin 28
g
.
[2]
N2000/lJl2 (part)
i!+~
20
~m
Q.
25
it= F
f-+Ffl
t-.~
14~
30
35
40
3 Kinematics
I:';:~
.~
.-'" ...8
.~
e
15
Q.
e= ...........................
~f:I:1
I.
10
45
~~
;J
If ===
..
~~ ttl
+i
11+ H
,~~
" 1:1:
:fu
rtI
U~~
II !~=F.1
-~rtHt:1
~t
~llt'
! It
::t:t
. ~~
I:.
!--ttt.
Fig. 23
38
(i)
(ii)
A).
2
61 (a)
(i)
[3]
initial speed
15 ms-1
ground
Fig. 24
(i) Calculate. for this ball. the initial values of
I.
3 Kinematics
39