Section 20

Nomenclature
= constant in Equation 20-9
Ss
C
Cp
Cg
= constant in Equation 20-9

= heat capacity, Btu/(lb F)
= gravity correction factor for water content
T
Trg
v
=
=
=
Cs
= salinity correction factor for water content
Css
CT
D
d
=
=
=
=
W
Wr
x
X
=
=
=
=
y
z
=
=
= mass velocity, lb/(ft2 hr)
H
Kvs
= latent heat of vaporization, Btu/lb

= vapor/solid equilibrium K-value
=
=
L
Lg
LMTZ
= length of packed bed, ft

= glycol flow rate, U.S. gal/hr
= length of packed bed mass transfer zone, ft
= area, ft
EOS
Fs
G
Ls
m dot
MTZ
MW
MWI
N
saturation correction factor for sieve

temperature correction factor
diameter, ft
depression of the water dewpoint or the gas hydrate
freezing point, F
= Equation of State
= sizing parameter for packed towers,
sec)]1/2
[lb/(ft
= length of packed bed saturation zone, ft
Subscripts
i
=
o
l
=
=
v
t
CO2
H2S
HC
s
=
=
=
=
=
=
L
R
I
H2O
H
=
=
=
=
=
P
q
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
mass flow rate, lb/hr

mass transfer zone
molecular weight
molecular weight of inhibitor
number of theoretical stages
pressure drop, psi
actual gas flow rate, ft3/min
Q
Qhl
Qr
Qs
Qsi
=
=
=
=
=
heat duty, Btu/hr

regeneration heat loss duty, Btu/gal
reflux heat duty, Btu/gal
sensible heat, Btu/gal
duty required to heat mole sieve to regeneration
temperature, Btu
Qst
= duty required to heat vessel and piping to regeneration

temperature, Btu
rg
Qtr
Qv
= total regeneration heat duty, Btu

= vaporization of water heat duty, Btu/gal
f
p
=
=
Qw
= desorption of water heat duty, Btu
The sample calculations, equations and spreadsheets presented herein were developed using examples published in the Enginee
While every effort has been made to present accurate and reliable technical information and calculation spreadsheets based on t
The Calculation Spreadsheets are provided without warranty of any kind including warranties of accuracy or reasonableness of
In no event will the GPA or GPSA and their members be liable for any damages whatsoever (including without limitation, those
These calculation spreadsheets are provided to provide an Operational level of accuracy calculation based on rather broad ass
reflux ratio
amount of molecular sieve required in saturation zone, lb
temperature, F
regeneration gas temperature, F
vapor velocity, ft/sec
superficial vapor velocity, ft/min
water content of gas, lb/MMscf
water removed per cycle, lb
mole fraction in the liquid phase
mass fraction in the liquid phase
mole fraction in the gas phase
compressibility factor
specific gravity
viscosity, cp
density, lb/ft3
inlet
outlet
liquid
vapor
total
carbon dioxide
hydrogen sulfide
hydrocarbon
solid phase
lean inhibitor
rich inhibitor
inhibitor
water
hydrate
regeneration
feed
permeate
any component in a mixture
sing examples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas proc
and calculation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and t
anties of accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular p
ever (including without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , refe
cy calculation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site c
a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Pro
mation is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such information. Referen
fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
e use, inability to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other leg
s, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process cond
and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

meliness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name,
warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
king into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitati
od, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, rec
ual control set-point dead-band limitations.
t constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Example 20-2 -- Determine the saturated water content of an 80% C 1, 20% CO2 mixture at 160 F and 2000
psia. The experimentally determined water content was 172 lb/MMscf.
Given Data:
Mole Fraction HC
Mole Fraction CO2
Temperature
Pressure
Experiment Water Content
=
=
=
=
0.8
0.2
160
2000
F
psia
172
lb/MMscf
yHCWHC + yCO2WCO2
To determine Water Content

W
Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

WHC
167
WCO2
240
(0.8 167) + (0.2 240)
Example 20-2 -- Determine the saturated water content of an 80% C 1, 20% CO2
The experimentally determined water content was 172 lb/MMscf.
Given Data:
Mole Fraction HC
Mole Fraction CO2
Temperature
Pressure
Experiment Water Content
=
=
=
=
=
To determine Water Content

Eq 20-1
182
Fig 20-4
WHC
Fig 20-11
WCO2
lb/MMscf
les published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing indu
ation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA an
ccuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or n
ding without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , reference to or
ion based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions
ated water content of an 80% C 1, 20% CO2 mixture at 160 F and 2000 psia.
content was 172 lb/MMscf.
0.8
0.2
160
2000
F
psia
172
lb/MMscf
yHCWHC + yCO2WCO2
Eq 20-1
167
Fig 20-4
240
Fig 20-11
wn)
(0.8 167) + (0.2 240)
182
lb/MMscf
tion as a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with
h information is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such information.
ability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
from the use, inability to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any o
positions, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual proce
ited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

ess of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, tradem
ty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
ocess, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recomme
ntrol set-point dead-band limitations.
titute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Example 20-3 -- Find the pressure at which hydrate forms for a gas with the following
composition at a temperature of 50 F.
Given Data:
Component
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7
N2
CO2
Temperature
Mole Fraction (y)

0.784
0.060
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.094
0.002
50
Mole Weight (m)

16.043
30.070
44.097
58.124
58.124
72.149
72.149
86.175
100.202
28.013
44.010
F
To determine Molecular Weight of Gas

MWgas
yC1mC1+yC2mC2+yC3mC3+yiC4miC4+ynC4mnC4+yN2mN2+yCO2mCO2+yCimCi
To determine Specific Gravity
MWgas/MWair
Component
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7
N2
Mole
Fraction (y)
0.784
0.060
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.094
Mole Weight (m)

16.043
30.070
44.097
58.124
58.124
72.149
72.149
86.175
100.202
28.013
MW of gas
12.58
1.80
1.59
0.29
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.63
CO2
Total
P from looking at Fig 20-15
0.002
1.000
44.010
20.09/28.964
0.09
20.09
=
0.693
320
+yCimCi
Example 20-3 -- Find the pressure at which hydrate forms for a gas with the followi
a temperature of 50 F.
Given Data:
Component
Mole Fraction (y)

0.784
0.060
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.094
0.002
50
yC1mC1+yC2mC2+yC3m
MWgas/MWair
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7
N2
CO2
Temperature
To determine Molecular Weight of Gas

MWgas
To determine Specific Gravity
Component
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7
N2
Mole
Fraction (y) Mole Weight (m)
0.784
16.043
0.060
30.070
0.036
44.097
0.005
58.124
0.019
58.124
0.000
72.149
0.000
72.149
0.000
86.175
0.000
100.202
0.094
28.013
CO2
Total
psia
0.002
1.000
44.010
20.09/28.964
P from looking at Fig 20-15
published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing industry
spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA and GP
acy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or nonwithout limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , reference to or relia
based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions etc)
s for a gas with the following composition at
raction (y)
Mole Weight (m)

16.043
30.070
44.097
58.124
58.124
72.149
72.149
86.175
100.202
28.013
44.010
F
yC2mC2+yC3mC3+yiC4miC4+ynC4mnC4+yN2mN2+yCO2mCO2+yCimCi
MW of gas
12.58
1.80
1.59
0.29
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.63
0.09
20.09
=
0.693
320
psia
the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Ass
untary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such information. Reference herein to
particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
lity to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory an
curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process conditions, fluid
ration with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

formation. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and serv
ort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
ctual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
ice by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or fa
t dead-band limitations.
y endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Example 20-7 -- Calculate the pressure for hydrate formation at 50 F for a gas with the following composition.
Given Data:
Component
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Isobutane
n-Butane
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Temperature T
Mole Fraction
0.784
0.060
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.094
0.002
50
To determine Hydrate Pressure

i=1i=n(yi/Kvs)
1.0

Use Fig 20-23 to 20-29 to calculate Kvs at guess pressures of 300 and 400 psi.
P1 =
300
psi
P2 =
400
psi
Component
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Isobutane
n-Butane
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Mole
Fraction
0.784
0.060
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.094
0.002
Kvs at P1
Kvs at P2
2.04
0.79
0.113
0.046
0.21
*
3.0
1.75
0.50
0.072
0.027
0.21
*
1.9
y/Kvs at P1
y/Kvs at P2
0.384
0.076
0.319
0.109
0.090
0.000
0.448
0.120
0.500
0.185
0.090
0.000
* Infinity
Component
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Isobutane
n-Butane
Nitrogen
Mole
Fraction
0.784
0.060
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.094
Carbon Dioxide
Total
0.002
1.000
0.001
0.979
0.001
1.345
Interpolate to find Hydrate Pressure that makes i=1i=n(yi/Kvs)=1 true

P by interpolation
PH
(0.979-1)/(300-P)
(1-1.345)/(P-400)
=
ollowing composition.
Example 20-7 -- Calculate the pressure for hydrate formation at 50 F for a gas with the following co
Given Data:
Component
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Isobutane
n-Butane
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Temperature T
Mole Fraction
0.784
0.060
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.094
0.002
50
To determine Hydrate Pressure

i=1i=n(yi/Kvs)
Eq 20-4
1.0

Use Fig 20-23 to 20-29 to calculate Kvs at guess pressures of 300 and 400 psi.
P1 =
300
P2 =
400
Component
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Isobutane
n-Butane
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Mole
Fraction
0.784
0.060
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.094
0.002
* Infinity
Component
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Isobutane
n-Butane
Nitrogen
Mole
Fraction
0.784
0.060
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.094
Carbon Dioxide
Total
0.002
1.000
Interpolate to find Hydrate Pressure that makes i=1i=n(yi/Kvs)=1 true

P by interpolation
306
psi
(0.979-1)/(300-P)
PH
g examples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas process
d calculation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the
ies of accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purp
r (including without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , referen
calculation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site con
at 50 F for a gas with the following composition.
Eq 20-4
00 and 400 psi.

psi
psi
Kvs at P1
Kvs at P2
2.04
0.79
0.113
0.046
0.21
*
3.0
1.75
0.50
0.072
0.027
0.21
*
1.9
y/Kvs at P1
y/Kvs at P2
0.384
0.076
0.319
0.109
0.090
0.000
0.448
0.120
0.500
0.185
0.090
0.000
0.001
0.979
0.001
1.345
(1-1.345)/(P-400)
true
306
psi
ociation as a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation w
such information is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such informati
hantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
sing from the use, inability to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or a
compositions, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual p
ed and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

r timeliness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-nam
n warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
g taking into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limi
ethod, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement,
h damages.
actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Example 20-10 -- 100 MMscfd of natural gas leaves an offshore platform at 100 F and 1200 psia. The gas comes onshore at
40 F and 900 psia. The hydrate temperature of the gas is 65 F. Associated condensate production is 10 Bbl/MMscf. The
condensate has an API gravity of 50 and a MW of 140. Calculate the amount of methanol and 80 wt% EG inhibitor required to
prevent hydrate formation in the pipeline.
Given Data:
Feed
f
Temperature offshore To
Pressure offshore
Po
Temperature onshore Ton
Pressure onshore
Pon
Hydrate Temperature TH
Molecular Weight MWg
API Gravity
Condensate Production
dMeOH
MWI
MW80% EG
d80%EG
Weight Percent
EG
Weight Percent Methanol
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
100
100
1200
40
900
65
140
50
10
25
32
64
25
80
100
MMscfd
F
psia
F
psia
F
Bbl/MMscf
F
F
%
%
To determine amount of inhibitor, one must determine amount of water condensed.

To determine amount of water condensed
Water Condensed
Win
Wout
W
Water Condensed
=
=
=
=
=
f W
53
9.5
43.5
4350
(2335 XI)/(MWI (1-XI))
lb/MMscf
lb/MMscf
lb/MMscf
lb/day
To determine dew point depression

d
KH = 2335 (conservative for Me

Rearranging,
XI
(d MWI)/(2335+d MWI)
(-129.6) ln(xH2O)
Rearranging,
xH2O
=
exp(d/-129.6)
Then use Fig 20-45 to convert mole fraction of H2O to Weight Percent Methanol
To determine mass rate of inhibitor in water phase assuming 100% methanol is injected
mI
(XR mH2O)/(XL-XR)
daily losses
(Vaporization Losses) (f) (XI 100)
(25 32)/(2335+25 32)
exp(25/-129.6)
=
=
(0.275 4350)/(1-0.275)
From Fig 20-65
where XR = XI
To determine daily losses

XI
xH2O
=
XI (use this for subsequent calculations)
mI
Vaporization losses
daily losses
(1.05) (100) (0.275 100)
For 80 wt% EG
=
XI
(25 62)/(2335+25 62)
From Fig 20-66
Liquid losses
xMeOH
Convert to lb mols of condensate per day
100 MMscf
day
10 bbl
MMscf
(350) (0.78) lb
day
1 lb mol
140 lb
lb mols methanol
lb methanol
mItot
(1950) 0.002
(32 3.9)
1650 + 2888 + 125
For 80 wt% EG
mI dot
=
(0.40 4350)/(0.8-0.4)
Vaporization and liquid hydrocarbon losses are neglible
. The gas comes onshore at

on is 10 Bbl/MMscf. The
wt% EG inhibitor required to
Example 20-10 -- 100 MMscfd of natural gas leaves an offshore plat

at 40 F and 900 psia. The hydrate temperature of the gas is 65 F. A
The condensate has an API gravity of 50 and a MW of 140. Calculat
required to prevent hydrate formation in the pipeline.
Given Data:
Feed
f
Temperature offshore To
Pressure offshore
Po
Temperature onshore Ton
Pressure onshore
Pon
Hydrate Temperature TH
Molecular Weight MWg
API Gravity
Condensate Production
dMeOH
MWI
MW80% EG
d80%EG
Weight Percent
EG
Weight Percent Methanol
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
To determine amount of inhibitor, one must determine amount of wat

To determine amount of water condensed
Water Condensed
Win
Wout
W
Water Condensed
Fig 20-4
=
=
=
=
=
To determine dew point depression

Eq 20-5
= 2335 (conservative for MeOH)
use same constant for EG
XI
Rearranging,
Eq 20-7
Rearranging,
xH2O
=
Then use Fig 20-45 to convert mole fraction of H2
To determine mass rate of inhibitor in water phase assuming 100% m

mI
daily losses
Eq 20-8
where XR = XI
To determine daily losses

XI
0.255
0.825
0.275
Fig 20-59
1650
lb/day
1.05
(lb/MMscf)/wt%MeOH
2888
lb/day
xH2O
=
XI (use this for subsequent calculations)
mI
daily losses
XI
Vaporization losses
For 80 wt% EG
0.8
mass frac
0.4
Liquid losses
0.2
xMeOH
mol%
Convert to lb mols of condensate per day

1950
lb mol/day
100 MMscf
day
10 bbl
MMscf
3.9
lb mol/day
lb mols methanol
125
lb/day
lb methanol
4662
lb/day
mItot
For 80 wt% EG
4350
lb/day
mI dot
=
Vaporization and liquid hydrocarbon losses are neglible
ples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing indu
ation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA an
ccuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or
ding without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , reference to or
ion based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions
tural gas leaves an offshore platform at 100 F and 1200 psia. The gas comes onshore
mperature of the gas is 65 F. Associated condensate production is 10 Bbl/MMscf.
50 and a MW of 140. Calculate the amount of methanol and 80 wt% EG inhibitor
in the pipeline.
100
100
1200
40
900
65
140
50
10
25
32
64
25
80
100
MMscfd
F
psia
F
psia
F
Bbl/MMscf
F
F
%
%
must determine amount of water condensed.
f W
53
9.5
43.5
4350
lb/MMscf
lb/MMscf
lb/MMscf
lb/day
Fig 20-4
(2335 XI)/(MWI (1-XI))
Eq 20-5
KH = 2335 (conservative for MeOH)
use same constant for EG
(d MWI)/(2335+d MWI)
(-129.6) ln(xH2O)
Eq 20-7
exp(d/-129.6)
raction of H2O to Weight Percent Methanol
water phase assuming 100% methanol is injected
(XR mH2O)/(XL-XR)
Eq 20-8
(Vaporization Losses) (f) (XI 100)
(25 32)/(2335+25 32)
0.255
exp(25/-129.6)
=
=
0.825
0.275
Fig 20-59
1650
lb/day
1.05
(lb/MMscf)/wt%MeOH
2888
lb/day
0.8
0.4
0.2
1950
ns)
(0.275 4350)/(1-0.275)
From Fig 20-65

(1.05) (100) (0.275 100)
(25 62)/(2335+25 62)

From Fig 20-66
(350) (0.78) lb
day
1 lb mol
140 lb
mass frac
mol%
lb mol/day
(1950) 0.002
3.9
lb mol/day
(32 3.9)
125
lb/day
1650 + 2888 + 125
4662
lb/day
4350
lb/day
(0.40 4350)/(0.8-0.4)
osses are neglible
ervice to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Proce
ion is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such information. Reference
ness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
use, inability to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal
imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process conditio
dited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

ess of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trade
nty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
rocess, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recomm
ntrol set-point dead-band limitations.
stitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Example 20-11 -- 30 MMscfd of a 0.65 sp gr natural gas enters a TEG contactor at 600 psia and 100 F. Outlet water content
specification is 7 lb H2O/MMscf and the TEG circulation rate is 3 gal TEG/lb H 2O. Estimate the contactor diameter and numbe
of bubble cap trays or height of structured packing required to meet this requirement. Assume z=0.92.
Given Data:
Feed
Specific Gravity
f
sp grg
=
=
=
=
30
0.65
100
600
=
=
=
=
=
7
3
0.92
28.97
18.01528
62.4
lb/ft3
=
=
576
1200
ft/hr
ft/hr
1.119
g/cm3
Temperature
T
Pressure
P
Outlet Water Content Wout
TEG Circulation Rate
Compressiblity Factor
z
MWair
MWH2O
Density of H2O
H2O
MMscfd
F
psia
lb/MMscf
gal TEG/lbH2O
lb/lb mol
lb/lb mol
Cbubble cap
Cstructured packing
Density of TEG
To determine Water Removal Efficiency

Water Removal Efficiency
(Win-Wout)/Win
To determine Contactor Diameter with bubble cap trays

D
[(4 A)/]0.5
m dot/G
where

Use Fig 20-4 to find intersection of Wout and P
H2O Dewpoint
Use Fig 20-68 to find intersection of Tcont + Tapproach and Eq Dew Pt.
lean TEG concentration
Use Fig 20-4 to find intersection of T and P

Win
(Win-Wout)/Win
From Fig 20-70 (N=1.5 stages)

Rounding up to 99% wt%
(Win-Wout)/Win

(Win-Wout)/Win
There are 2 theoretical stages since 2 stage eff is > required eff.
Number of bubble cap trays
@4 trays per stage
Height of Structured Packing
@5 feet per stage
=
=
From Section 7
P(MW)/RTZ
Cbubble cap[(v(L-v)]0.5
(600 18.01528)/(10.73 559.67 0.92 )
1.119/0.016
576 [1.96 (69.9-1.96)]0.5
m dot
(30000 0.65 28.97)/(379.5 24)
62024/6643
[(4 9.3)/]0.5
[(576/1200)0.5](3.4)
For bubble cap trays
For structured packing
F. Outlet water content

ctor diameter and number
Example 20-11 -- 30 MMscfd of a 0.65 sp gr natural gas enters a TEG contact

specification is 7 lb H2O/MMscf and the TEG circulation rate is 3 gal TEG/lb
of bubble cap trays or height of structured packing required to meet this requir
Given Data:
30000000
scfd
Feed
Specific Gravity
f
sp grg
559.67
Temperature
T
Pressure
P
Outlet Water Content Wout
Compressiblity Factor
=
=
=
=
z
MWair
MWH2O
Density of H2O
Cbubble cap
Fig 20-75
Fig 20-75
Fig 20-56
H2O
=
=
=
=
=
Cstructured packing
=
=
Density of TEG
To determine Water Removal Efficiency

To determine Contactor Diameter with bubble cap trays

D
where

Use Fig 20-4 to find intersection of Wout and P
24
H2O Dewpoint
Use Fig 20-68 to find intersection of Tcont + Tapproach
98.8
90
wt%
lb/MMscf
lean TEG concentration

Use Fig 20-4 to find intersection of T and P
Win
0.922
0.885

0.925

Rounding up to 99 wt%
8
10
trays
ft
There are 2 theoretical stages since 2 stage eff is > required eff.
Number of bubble cap trays
Height of Structured Packing
From Section 7
1.96
69.9
lb/ft3
6643
lb/ft2 hr
62024
lb/hr
m dot
9.3
ft2
For bubble cap trays

3.4
ft
For structured packing
2.4
ft
published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing industry.
spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA and GP
cy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-i
without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , reference to or relia
ased on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions etc)
a 0.65 sp gr natural gas enters a TEG contactor at 600 psia and 100 F. Outlet water content
nd the TEG circulation rate is 3 gal TEG/lb H 2O. Estimate the contactor diameter and number
uctured packing required to meet this requirement. Assume z=0.92.
30
0.65
100
600
7
3
0.92
28.97
18.01528
MMscfd
30000000
scfd
F
psia
559.67
lb/MMscf
gal TEG/lbH2O
lb/lb mol
lb/lb mol
62.4
lb/ft3
576
1200
ft/hr
ft/hr
Fig 20-75
Fig 20-75
1.119
g/cm3
Fig 20-56
ciency
(Win-Wout)/Win
with bubble cap trays

[(4 A)/]0.5
m dot/G
hown)
f Wout and P
of Tcont + Tapproach and Eq Dew Pt.
24
98.8
wt%
90
lb/MMscf
(Win-Wout)/Win
0.922
(Win-Wout)/Win
0.885
(Win-Wout)/Win
0.925
@4 trays per stage

@5 feet per stage
Tray spacing @ 24"
=
=
8
10
trays
ft
(P MWh2o) / (10.73 T z)
1.96
lb/ft3
v/0.016
69.9
lb/ft3
C[(v(L-v)]0.5
6643
lb/ft2 hr
(f sp grg MWair)/(379.5 24)
62024
lb/hr
m dot / G
9.3
ft2
[(4 A)/]0.5
3.4
ft
[(Cbubble cap/Cstructured packing)0.5](Dbubble cap)
2.4
ft
f T and P
e 2 stage eff is > required eff.
Cbubble cap[(v(L-v)]0.5
n as a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Ga
nformation is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such information. Re
ility, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
om the use, inability to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any othe
sitions, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process
iled and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

or timeliness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-na
on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
ng taking into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band lim
method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement
uch damages.
d actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
es not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Example 20-12 -- Determine reboiler duty for conditions in the previous example. Assume the rich TEG temperature
entering the regenerator is 300 F and the reboiler temperature is 400 F.
Given Data:
Regenerator Temperature Treg
Reboiler Temperature
Treb
m = h2o*sgL
m
Hvap of H2O
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Qs
mCpt
Qv
(Hvap)(W)
Qr
(Reflux Ratio)(Qv)
Qs
(9.3 0.665) (400-300)
Qv
(965/3)
Qr
(0.25 323)
Qtr
(618 + 323 + 81) (1.1)
Cp
Reflux Ratio
R
W
300
400
9.3
0.665
0.25
3
970
F
F
lb/gal
Btu/lb F
Assumed
gal TEG/lb H2O
Btu/lb
To determine Sensible Heat
To determine Vaporization of Absorbed H2O
To determine Condenser Duty
rich TEG temperature
Example 20-12 -- Determine reboiler duty for conditions in the previous exam
entering the regenerator is 300 F and the reboiler temperature is 400 F.
Given Data:
Fig 20-56
Fig 20-46
Regenerator Temperature Treg

Reboiler Temperature
Treb
m = h2o*sgL
m
Hvap of H2O
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Qs
Cp
Reflux Ratio
R
W
To determine Sensible Heat
To determine Vaporization of Absorbed H2O

Qv
Qr
To determine Condenser Duty

618
Btu/gal
Qs
323
Btu/gal
Qv
81
Btu/gal
Qr
1125
Btu/gal
Qtr
amples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing i
culation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA
f accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose
cluding without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , reference to
lation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditio
conditions in the previous example. Assume the rich TEG temperature

iler temperature is 400 F.
300
400
9.3
0.665
0.25
3
970
F
F
lb/gal
Btu/lb F
Assumed
gal TEG/lb H2O
Fig 20-56
Fig 20-46
Btu/lb - latent heat of vaporization constant
mCpt
(Hvap)(1/W)
(Reflux Ratio)(Qv)
mCp(Treb - Treg)
618
Btu/gal
(Hvap)(1/W)
323
Btu/gal
(R Qv)
81
Btu/gal
(Qs + Qv + Qr) (1.1)
1125
Btu/gal
service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Pro
ation is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such information. Referen
itness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
e use, inability to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other lega
s, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process condi
d in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademar
contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
o account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
ss, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommend
ol set-point dead-band limitations.
ute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.

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Nomenclature

= constant in Equation 20-9

= constant in Equation 20-9

= salinity correction factor for water content

= mass velocity, lb/(ft2 hr)

= latent heat of vaporization, Btu/lb

= length of packed bed, ft

saturation correction factor for sieve

= length of packed bed saturation zone, ft

mass flow rate, lb/hr

heat duty, Btu/hr

= duty required to heat vessel and piping to regeneration

= total regeneration heat duty, Btu

= desorption of water heat duty, Btu

any component in a mixture

and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

ual control set-point dead-band limitations.

t constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.

To determine Water Content

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

(0.8 167) + (0.2 240)

To determine Water Content

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

(0.8 167) + (0.2 240)

ited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

ntrol set-point dead-band limitations.

titute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.

Mole Fraction (y)

Mole Weight (m)

To determine Molecular Weight of Gas

To determine Specific Gravity

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

Mole Weight (m)

P from looking at Fig 20-15

Mole Fraction (y)

To determine Molecular Weight of Gas

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

P from looking at Fig 20-15

s for a gas with the following composition at

Mole Weight (m)

ration with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

y endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.

To determine Hydrate Pressure

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

Interpolate to find Hydrate Pressure that makes i=1i=n(yi/Kvs)=1 true

To determine Hydrate Pressure

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

Interpolate to find Hydrate Pressure that makes i=1i=n(yi/Kvs)=1 true

at 50 F for a gas with the following composition.

00 and 400 psi.

ed and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

To determine amount of inhibitor, one must determine amount of water condensed.

(2335 XI)/(MWI (1-XI))

To determine dew point depression

KH = 2335 (conservative for Me

(Vaporization Losses) (f) (XI 100)

(25 32)/(2335+25 32)

From Fig 20-65

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

(1.05) (100) (0.275 100)

(25 62)/(2335+25 62)

From Fig 20-66

1650 + 2888 + 125

. The gas comes onshore at