INDEX

1.

INTRODUCTION

2. WORKING PRINCIPLE
3.

CHRONOLOGY

4.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

5.

FLOW CHART

6.

COMPONENT LIST

7. APPLICATION
8.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION
It is a system to eliminate the cost of man power. It can be used efficiently in bank and
office systems to control many devices from a single computer and power grid computer .
This project controls the 5 devices easily through pc.this low cost project can prove to be
a great solution in this fast changing technology equipped world where there is
immediate need to increase the efficiency and output of organization by automation.
In this project basically a command or input is given to the circuit to simultaneously
control five devices which are connected to circuit.
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM
In this system we have two individual units which are functioning :
1. Transmitter
2. Receiver
1. Transmitter
In this section of the system we first encrypt our message .In this system transmission
of message is by the RS-232 standard. This is physical layer. At a baud rate of 9600, 1
stop bit, 1 start bit, no parity, 8bit of data.
2. Receiver
In this section of the system transmitted encrypted message is coming in RS-232
standard. At a baud rate of 9600, 1 stop bit, 1 start bit, no parity, 8bit of data.

WORKING
Working of the Transmitter
Transmitter has following part or section.
1. Power Supply
2. level shifter
3. Microcontroller
4. Relay unit
1. Power Supply
In the whole system we are using +5V regulated power supply. It is obtained by the 230V
ac.
This section is covered by these parts:a. 12 V step-down transformer (500m amp)
b. Full wave bridge-rectifier.
c. Filter.
d. Voltage regulator.
1. 12 V step down transformer(500m amp):- Step down transformer is used to
convert 230V ac to 12V ac. With current rating of 500 mump.
2. Full wave rectifier: - The full wave Bridge rectifier is used to convert 12 V ac to
the pulsating dc which is equal to average value.
3. Filter: - Filter is a used to convert pulsating dc to constant dc. It may be
capacitor, RC network, inductance. It depends upon the current following in the
circuit or impedance of circuit. But in this system we use capacitor.
4. Voltage regulator:- Regulator are used in the system to convert high voltage(12
V ac) to +5v constant dc.
2.Level shifter
In the system the output is given out by microcontroller and is of either 0V or 5v but in
RS 232 standard we need voltage in between +12V to -12V. In this system we are using
MAX32 IC which is provided this purpose. When a logic or command is given by
computer to microcontroller it is first communicated to MAX32 via RS232 at voltage

range 12V to -12V. When the same logic is communicated to microcontroller by MAX32
then it done at voltage range -5V to 5V. Thus MAX32 is nothing but a clamping circuit.
3.Microcontroler
In this system we are using microcontroller of Microchip Company which is PIC16f877
and it is a RISC based controller. It only has 35 set of commands set. It as various
peripheral inbuilt such as UART, TIMER, ADC, SPI, I2C, EEPROM and has 8K of
program memory and also has various features.

Working of the Receiver

Logic or program detail of Receiver:The program of transmitter has following step.
1. First its initialize the ports means configure port according to requirement.
2. Clear all the ram locations
3. Initialize RS232 configure baud rate at 9600bps & 8 bits
4. OFF all the relays when it is ON.
5. When the pc transmits it first checks the frame format if it is valid then takes the
decision otherwise it neglect the frame.
Note: - program is written in assembly language.
Frame {6 byte data}
Frame { }
{
Tells the receiver its a first byte
1st byte for 1st relay if 1 it is on 0 it is OFF
2nd byte for 2nd relay if 1 it is on 0 it is OFF
3rd byte for 3rd relay if 1 it is on 0 it is OFF
4th byte for 4th relay if 1 it is on 0 it is OFF
5th byte for 5th relay if 1 it is on 0 it is OFF
6th byte null receiver for response after action receiver transmit same frame place 6th
byte K
Tells the receiver its a last byte
}
WORKING IN THE CIRCUIT
The output of transformer is given into bridge rectifier. The bridge rectifier converts
12Vac into pulsating dc. The process of smoothing is then carried in the filter after bridge

rectifier. Voltage regulator and a individual capacitor are connected parallel to the filter.
The capacitor is used to feed the power to relay circuit. The voltage regulator is used to
feed microcontroller and MAX32 both at 5V.
When a command or logic come from computer and finally reaches microcontroller via
MAX32 the logic gets executed in microcontroller. According to the command given
particular relay gets on along with its LED. The logic to relay goes from microcontroller
to relay via LED then transistor and then relay. Transistors are put to provide current gain
of 12 as relay functions at a minimum of 60mA whereas the current signal coming from
microcontroller is of 5mA.
In this that particular relay gets on which we need to get activated. The relay ON signal is
given by the glowing LED.

LIST OF COMPONENTS
Transformer
12v, 500mA, step down.
Relay
12v, 200mA
Capacitors
1000uF x 1
100uF x 1
10uF x 5
Voltage Regulator(LN7805)
5V
Crystal Oscillator
16MHz
MAX32N(Level Shifter IC)
PIC16F876A(Microcontroller)
RS232 DB9 PIN

APPLICATIONS

Automating the bank system, office system or home system.

Can increase efficiency and output of a organization along with cutting down the
losses due to automation.

No. of relays can be increased to connect more no. of external devices.

Can be an efficient substitute to cut man power.

Involving low cost along with diversified uses.

Schematic

FLOW CHART