1. a.

explain the causes of variations in the physical factors of the environment measured despite
the proximity of forest and grassland
One of the main causes of variation in physcial factors of forest and grassland is
their location. The forest areas observed are more elevated compared to grassland. Also,
in forest, there are great number of tress that hinder the sunrays to penetrate compared to
grassland that is exposed. The presence of trees also affects the humidity, temperature of
the surrounding which can further affect the soil, and other organims present in the
environment
B. how the variation in the microenvironment influence the different organism
Different microenvironments promote growths of also different organims. The
variation of microenvironment triggers varyingeffect in organism. This demands more
capablitiy to adapt with the factors of the environment, since it influences the survival
rate of orgnisms
c. Discuss the role of human activities in the formation of grassland
Humans often develop an open area, this isolates the area from human activities
that hinders the growth of grasses. Some also promotes the idea of having national
parks that encourages to replant shurbs herbs and the like.
d. SOme organisms prefer forest, because their source of food and shelter may only be found
in the forest. It means that the forest environment is more suitable for them. The same applies for
other organisms that prefer grassland. On the other hand, there are some organisms that can be
found in both sites. This implies that these organisms can adapt and survive in either
environment. They can find resources and mate in either of the environments.
Modular - lichens
Unitary found in forest - bear
Modular - desmodium
unitary found in grassland - pronghorn
Modular - Musa
Unitary found in both - ants

2. Modular organism hae no predetermined characteristics. They grow through time and it
depends on the nutrients they in-take, the surroundings that surround them. Thus, modular
organism are greatly affected by environmental factors compared to unitary organism that has a
more defined body plan.
3. Niches of ants Fertilizing the oil - they mostly live in soil, thus when they briing food to their shelter,
they help in nourishing the soil.
increasing plant diversity - since plants live in forest, the seeds of other plants which
they considered foot can be transported from one place to another, thus increasing the

chances of plant diversity

Making a hole for water transportation in soil - they dig holes in the soil (since they live
underground), at the same time they create a path for water to penetrate the soil
Distubances applied
Poking the nest - poking the nest forces the the ants to go out from their shelter, but
theyre not organized compared to normal circumstances. They do not follow a straight path.
Destroying the line of path when theyre looking for food - they change direction, but
after few seconds they go back to the original path
Stomping the nest - their reaction was slow, but after few minutes, the go out of their
nest in an unorganized manner.
Food responses
Tuna is the food that attracted the most ants followed by powdered energy drink and
powdered instant coffee. This means that ants are mostly attracted by food which have an
evident sweet smell.
4. Plants that are sun-loving have thicker leave and have a well developed palisade layer. They
also have broader leaves. This is because they need to obtain more light in order to perform
photosynthesis to produce their own food . On the other hand, shade plants have thinner leaves
and a poor palisade layer.
5. In sun loving plants (Kylingia and Alternathera), the changes when placed in shady area is due
to the low supply of solar energy that allows it to produce food. These plants changed their color
from green to light green and this can be due to low chlorophyll production. The leaves also
become thinner and some of it were folded. The flower of Kylinga became dry, it is because the
plant no longer has the strenght to maintain its original form. Meanwhile, in shade-tolerated
plants, abscission was obserserved. This can be due to the exposure to high light intensity in
which the plant is not used to. The leaf angle also become smaller, this is due to lessen the
surface area of the leaf exposed to sun.