Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PASSIVE
DESIGN
ON
COMMERCIAL
BUILDING
TOWARDS
Prepared by:
Name
UiTM No.
: 2007106235
Programme
: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
ARCHITECTURE
Year/Semester
: 2012/09
Session
Faculty
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this research paper and the research to which it refers are the
product of my own work and that any ideas or quotations from the work of other people,
published or otherwise are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard
academic practices.
Name
UiTM No.
: 2007106235
Course Coordinator
_____________________________
____________
Signature of Supervisor
Date:
_____________________________
____________
Date:
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract........................................................................................................................... 3
Acknowledgement............................................................................................................4
List of Figures...................................................................................................................5
List of Tables....................................................................................................................5
Chapter 1: Introduction.....................................................................................................6
1.1 Statement of the problem...........................................................................................7
1.2 Purpose of the Study..................................................................................................8
1.3 Aim and Objective of Research..................................................................................9
Chapter 2: Literature Review..........................................................................................10
2.1 Sustainability Building Guide....................................................................................10
2.2 Passive Design Building Design Features................................................................15
2.3 Sustainable Commercial Buildings...........................................................................20
Chapter 3: Research Methodology.................................................................................26
3.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................26
3.2 Research Method.....................................................................................................26
ABSTRACT
It is generally held view that, passive design is a key to sustainable building. Basically,
the adoption of environmental concern in commercial buildings in Malaysia less
common. Sustainability can be related to cost savings by incorporating green building
practices such as innovative passive architecture design that will enhance building
image and performance, as well as achieving occupant comfort. Thus, in order to
promote sustainable buildings, this study will discuss innovative building features and
explore basic principles, issues and design strategic option for passive design elements
and refers to prominent commercial buildings in Klang Valley, Malaysia in order to know
incorporated passive design and energy savings. A few local studies will be highlighted
to examine the present condition of environmental sustainability commercial buildings in
Klang Valley, Malaysia in the aspect of natural thermal conditions and substantiate the
possibility of energy reduction and passive building elements. In all, the data and
outcome of this study to document and develop practical passive design principle of
sustainable building design for commercial buildings in Malaysia in order to promote the
importance of passive design elements toward achieving sustainable buildings and
incorporated with cost saving operation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise to Allah S.W.T, at last I can finish up this research paper by the support of
everyone. Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor Puan Nurulhusna Binti Qamaruz
Zaman for the vision to support my research paper topic Passive Design On
Commercial Building Towards Sustainability in Klang Valley, Malaysia and also tutor
me thought the whole semester as it is a valuable lesson.. In addition, I also would like
to thank my friends from Department of Architecture to help me completed this
research.
A special thank goes to Puan Mimi Zaleha for her patience and support through the
whole semester. I also would like to thank my parents for their support during difficult
times and through financially. Last but not least, I would like to thank the countless
people who contributed to this research report with informal reviews, suggestions and
data collection. Thanks to all for the contribution and may God bless all of you.
Thank you.
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Summary, Discussion and Analysis of
Passive Features Building Case Study......38
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Passive design refers as designing the building and the space within it to benefit from
natural light, ventilation and even temperatures. It responds to site conditions and local
climate to maximize building users comfort and health enhance minimizing energy use.
Means that, it cans achieves this by using free, renewable sources of energy such as
sun and wind to provide household heating cooling, ventilation and lighting, thereby
removing the need for mechanical heating or cooling. Presently, `sustainability is a very
important and essential concept whenever people discussed on environmental issues.
The words sustainability has been widely recognized since the World Commission on
Environment and Development presented Our Common Future in 1987 under United
Nations (Brown, 2005).In my opinion; the adoption of environmental concern in
commercial buildings in Malaysia is less common. This proposal will explore basic
principles, issues and design strategic option for passive design elements and refers to
prominent example such as Space U8, Bukit Jelutong, which have adopted passive
design approach that relates to environmental concern. Using passive design can
reduce temperature, improve indoor air quality and make more enjoyable to live in. It
can also reduce energy use and environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas
emissions.
This research seek to determine the present latest technology and design tool that
applied on the highlighted local case study buildings and promotion of sustainable
buildings through the green building features.
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Based on the data above, my study will examine how building design features to
reduce building cost operation and drive for sustainable development.
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The aim of study is to examine and explore the promotion of passive design
features through the development of commercial building in Malaysia incorporated with
lead to sustainability buildings. The literature on sustainable and innovative building
development within some example of commercial building in Klang Valley, Malaysia
shall be explored. In line with the aim, the objective of study is listed below:
(ii) To determine the present latest technology and design tool that applied on the
buildings
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Its a concept that helps to maintain the environmental from damage and effect from a
building before construction until during the usage of the building. In order to achieve
sustainability, we need to balance the needs of human and protect capacity for future
development. Sustainability development can be described as the kind of development
that needs to pursue in order to achieve the state of sustainability. It is keep on going
process of maintaining a dynamic balance between the demands of people equity,
prosperity and quality of life, also considered ecologically possible. The environmental
aspects of sustainable development require a balance between protecting the physical
environment and its resources. Using these resources, we hope that will allow the earth
to continue acceptable quality of human life beings. Sustainability closely related to
achieve green building enhances incorporated passive design features. All of these
elements work together to achieve sustainable development enhance considered about
environmental concern.
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There are few point that been stressed out by Poul Kristensen (IEN consultants) at the
FuturArc Forum 2008 that will make a building sustainable,
(i) Reduction in use of fossil fuels,
(ii) Water conservation and re-use,
(iii) Usage of sustainable material,
(iv) Waste minimization and avoidance,
(v) Indoor environment quality,
(vi) Build along the landscape.
Then its supported from Green Building Index which developed by the government to
enhance the green technology in Malaysia.
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Green Building Index (GBI) is Malaysias green rating tool for buildings and towns,
created to promote sustainability in the built-environment and raise awareness of
environmental issues amongst Developers, Architects, Engineers, Planners, Designers,
Contractors as well as the Public, so that we can look forward to a brighter and greener
future for generations to come. The GBI rating tool provides an opportunity for
developers and building owners to design and construct green, sustainable buildings
that can provide energy savings, water savings, a healthier indoor environment,
better connectivity to public transport and the adoption of recycling and greenery for
their projects and reduce our impact on the environment.( Green Building Index Sdn.
Bhd).
Building Index (GBI) on 21 May 2009 GBI is a green rating index on environmentally
friendly buildings. Green buildings save utility cost and preserve
the
environment
(i) Allows for easy public evaluation of what are true meaning of green buildings
(ii) Serves as key design principles for Architects and Engineer to design green
buildings.
(iii) Performances parameters are set for better total building performance
(iv) Due to the need to identify and to suit our local climate, cultures, building
code and practice.
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(v) Save energy and resources, recycle materials and minimize the emission of
toxic substances.
(vi) Harmonies with the local climate, traditions, culture and the surrounding
environment.
(vii)
Able to sustain and improve the quality of human life and maintain the
cycle of ecosystem.
Challenges to the Green Building Index (GBI) are adoption of other green tools, capital
cost barrier, not in local building codes and lacks of professionals. Benefit of Green
Building Index (GBI) such as better use of building resources, significant operational
savings and increase workplace productivity. In my opinion Green Building Index
effectively promote green building design and at the same time guiding the path of the
designer on what is the dos and the donts.
2.1.4 Conclusion
Sustainable building can be achieve with certain guide and requirements as there is
Green Building Index (GBI) programmed. This will helped the development of
commercial buildings in Malaysia much more sophisticated and effective as it can
improved the economy stability and also save the environment for the future generation.
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2.2.1 Introduction
Passive design is the main element to sustainable building that also reduce
energy efficiency using that lead to operational cost saving. Passive design basically
responds to local climate and site condition to allow total building users comfort and
maintain health. Using passive design can reduce heat temperature, improve indoor air
quality incorporated more enjoyable to live in. Thus, using passive design also can
reduce energy use and environmental impacts such as global warm and greenhouse
gas emission. Nowadays, practicality grown of using passive design bring towards
comfortable and resource-efficient buildings.
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2.2.1 Passive
Passive design refers as designing the building and the space within it to benefit
from natural light, ventilation and even temperatures. It responds to local climate and
site conditions to maximize building users comfort and health while minimizing energy
use. It achieves this by using free, renewable sources of energy such as sun and wind
to provide household heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting, thereby removing the
need for mechanical heating or cooling. Passive design features are elements that
attached to the building such as building location and orientation on the site, building
layout, window design, insulation, thermal mass, sun shading device, double skin
envelop and large overhang. Each element collaborate each other to achieve
comfortable temperatures and good indoor air quality. Design using passive design
features need to consider on to achieve right amount of solar access, insulation,
ventilation, building location and orientation.
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load in the building were bring out with the air ventilation. Natural
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c) Day Lighting
Day lighting also one of key element on passive design feature. It is very important
and reacts as main role for people inside building that effect psychologically and
physically. The natural light can be capitalized by the use of window, light shade and
others. Basically, what the interior need is ambient daylight without the radiant heat and
glare that called diffuse daylight. The design should avoid direct sunlight penetration
into the building instead avoid the longer facade in the direction of east to west.
Designers should try to create better uniformed daylight distribution into a space. When
daylight enters a room through the windows, the illumination near the window will be
high and it reduces quickly as it gets further into depth room. By having high level
windows or clerestory window, where the lower window is for vision and the higher level
window is purely daylight can improve the daylight penetration.
2.2.4 Conclusion
Passive design influence factors affecting energy use in buildings. It responds to
natural climatic condition. Sustainability can be related to cost savings by incorporate
innovative passive architecture that will enhance good sustainability design.
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retention rates due to increase comfort and productivity, lower liability and risk leading
to lower insurances rate, marketing advantage, higher loan value and lower equity
requirements, higher building value upon sale and also overall greater return on
investment.
Cost for the development of sustainable building will be issue in Malaysia. Meanwhile,
office building developers are not too interested in sustainable building because of
higher cost for development. Sustainability can be related to cost saving enhance
through having passive design features on the building.
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The building was 310 meter high, has 75 storey and was constructed in 1996 and
complete 1998.The tower has slabs at every 5 floors which accommodate gardens like
a mini park. Sky garden help to `green the tower instead provide natural shade on the
eastern and western facades and also serve a space for relaxation and informal
meeting. Offices are designed within a central core and make the best use of natural
lighting within paving out the heat. The narrow eastern and western facades minimize
solar penetration, reduce air conditioning loads while allowing high amount of indirect
lighting.
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2.3.3 Conclusion
Passive design features have been incorporated in a few buildings in Malaysia
which are LEO Building, Telekom Tower and Securities Commission Building. This
shown that nowadays Malaysia is move toward on sustainable commercial building
development. But, Malaysia still lacks of sustainable commercial buildings compare to
modern country especially in Asia such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia
and others. The government should labour more budgets in this sector mainly on
development sustainable commercial buildings in Malaysia.
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comprehensive and reliable way. The methods chosen have to be considered even
when arguments exist on collecting of data. The methods were chosen to use are:
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3.2.3 Observation
One of the effective ways through data collection is observation method.
Observation refer as a method of data where employs vision and record as its main way
in data collecting. In this study, observation was done through space and layout
planning, natural ventilation adopted, day lighting and also landscaping and garden. All
of these factors are the main idea of passive design features on the research finding.
3.2.4 Plan analysis
Plan analysis method was through by analyzed the building layout, space
planning and orientation to examine and evaluate as to extract advantages and
disadvantages. The research finding result will be used to evaluate for document and
propose practical checklist guide of sustainable building design for commercial buildings
in Malaysia in order to promote the importance of passive design elements toward
achieve sustainable buildings. Plan analysis should be the best method in architectural
and design research.
Every commercial building has its own approaches on passive design features.
Through the analysis, the study should determine if the building has a good layout
planning supposedly to response the location of site and suitable building orientation
position to maximize respond to the natural climate.
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Key cases
ii)
Outlier cases
iii)
U8, Bukit Jelutong. The study should able determine passive design building strategies
that adopted in these buildings.
3.3.6 Conclusion
This research methodology described in this chapter can be describe as the
outcome result research finding based from interview, observation, data collection, data
analysis, case study and photograph definitely give a basic idea in getting information
regarding to purpose of research finding. It is important to understand and analyze the
result to achieve the research target.
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ensuring
premium
value
for
each
unit.
Creative use of glass and earth tones combined with natural lighting and striking
landscaping create a spacious, airy atmosphere. The layout is disabled friendly.
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Natural
lighting
Louvers
Natural
lighting
Natural
lighting
Space U8 use natural ventilation for the main hall and corridors. Cross ventilation and
also the air was cooled by the water fountain. They fully utilized natural ventilation to
cool down the heat in the mall. As people can experienced the wind blow in the middle
of water fountain as the effect of air hole under the roof. The corridor also ventilated with
outside air as it has opening at every end of the mall corridors.
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Skylight
Glazed
window
Natural
lighting
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Opening
in sub
basement
.
Large
window
for retail
space.
in shape where the building are totally exposed to sun ray during evening. Thus the
building use the exterior wall as light source for the retail space as the space is divided into
retail space. In the relation to that is the retail space will have enough natural lighting for their
usage in the day and lesser the heat catchment from the sun.
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Table 4.1: Summary, Discussion and Analysis of Passive Features Building Case Study
Comparison of the Two Commercial Discussion and Analysis
Buildings
Sunway Giza Arcade Space U8
Shopping
Site Locations
Sunway
Giza
is
located
near
Persiaran
Surian
Road. It is centre
zone with site context
surrounding
area
such as Selangor Golf
Club, Palm Spring
Damansara,
Giant
Kota Damansara and
lot of residential.
Space U8 located at
6, Persiaran Pasak
Bumi, Taman Bukit
Jelutong, Seksyen u8,
40150 Shah Alam,
Selangor. The site
context have main
access at the west
and accessible from
every point. Near to
industrial
area.
Provide a very private
area.
Layout and Orientation
The layout shape of
this
building
is
rectangle and used a
clustered
organization.
The
orientation of building
like
compass
orientation where the
four blocks of the
building
it has
direction to north,
east, south and west.
Natural Ventilation
Passive methods of
cross
ventilation
which by a simple
opening or enhanced
by the stack effect
from smaller ingresslarger
egress
windows
used
to
maintain
thermal
comfort
inside
building.
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4.6 Conclusion
From my observations, Space U8 for the overall building system is successfully
achieved their design strategy with the aim of enhancing a natural ventilated shopping
mall with the central courtyard with water fountain thoroughfare that connects the entire
development. The courtyard also is the bloodlines of the development, linking
everything together. Shops fronting this courtyard are designed to have their own
character that will affect the visitors, creating an active frontage that engages passersby. A high well insulated roof design protects the whole building as it can provided light
and also air, with air holes under the roof to facilitate ventilation. The roof is also
punctuated with skylights, designed to bring in the required amount of daylight to create
the right ambience. This building likely more approach on natural ventilation strategies.
Sunway Giza also highlighted on their natural ventilated passive features where it use
concept of cross ventilation on design strategy. Furthermore, from my observations, this
building is successfully achieved design strategy for passive design features which are
day lighting. The building are Passive methods of cross ventilation which by a simple
opening or enhanced by the stack effect from smaller ingress- larger egress windows
used to maintain thermal comfort inside building.
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5.1
Introduction
In this final chapter, conclusion and recommendation should able finalize due to the
research finding and data collection. Critical recommendation from data analyzing and
observation should presented.
5.2 Conclusion
Basically, the development of sustainable commercial building in Malaysia is less
common where the use of passive design building intends to promote the sustainable
development towards reducing cost operation. The fast growing development may
sometimes makes developer forgot the importance of passive design features that
enhance sustainability building besides just aiming for the value profit. In other word,
they dont realize where benefits that can be derive from sustainable building which
include low cost operation, water and waste, marketing advantage, increase rental rate,
higher building value upon sale and greater overall return on investment.
After analysis done, it agreed that the case study buildings are still lacking on passive
design building even both of the projects has their own approaches on passive features
element. The development of this case study for passive design building strategies can
be classified as standardize compare to some example sustainable commercial building
in the literature review. The climate condition in Malaysia began as major factor
influence in challenge of designing sustainability commercial building.
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Both orientation of the building are similarly exposed to sun ray directly where it is not
well planned for passive design strategies. Passive design strategies are permanently
attached to or part of building design such as sun shading devices, large overhang and
building orientation as an example. Despite of that, these projects well-planned on
natural ventilation mechanism where it use concept of cross ventilation. Based on my
opinion, lack of awareness on advantages of sustainability building becomes the major
factor on where less promotion development of sustainable commercial building in
Malaysia. The use of passive design building intends to promote sustainable
development towards the move to reduce cost mainly energy cost.ZEO Building and
Menara Telekom were example building that incorporated with passive features in
Malaysia. Based on the case studies carried out in these two areas, the following
aspects are acknowledged:
(i) Location, orientation and layout- The location automatically response due to have
a good sustainable design. Its response to the natural climate and topography
condition on the site.
(ii) Natural Ventilation- Effective ventilation is necessary for temperature control and
air
quality.
(iii) Day Lighting- Daylight should be used maximize as possible to light a building,
both for energy efficiency and for the health and comfort of occupants.
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5.3 Recommendation
The implementation development of sustainable building in Malaysia need encourage
awareness from government and developer sector inspire to achieve green building
mission. Besides that, education and training should incorporate concept of sustainable
development and made it well known and accepted by public. A way in education
learning seen as important tool in promoting to increase the level of awareness among
public about the importance of sustainable development.
In order for development commercial building in Malaysia towards sustainability, the
following develop practical passive design principle as guide for future development of
sustainability commercial buildings. It is based on theoretical and data analyses from
the research finding have been proposed:
(i) Location, layout and orientation must be considered from the beginning of the
design process despite consideration include access to view, cooling breezes,
and understanding on sun paths.
(ii) Ideal site Be able to accommodate building with a relative large north-facing
wall for maximum solar gain. A site with north-south alignment is likely to receive
midday sun and with minimal overshadowing, but may have limited morning or
evening sun. A site with east-west alignment is more likely to be overshadowed
to the north.
(iii) Day lighting - Avoids direct sunlight, use diffused light which requires
careful
placement and sizing of windows. The higher the window head, the deeper the
daylight will penetrate into the interior.
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(iv) Day Lighting - Designing so all spaces requiring day lighting which have access
to an external wall and arranging spaces so that natural lighting comes from two
or more directions.
(v) Natural Ventilation - When designing this system, longer faade of the building
should be facing the prevailing wind direction, with doors and opening windows
providing the ventilation openings.
(vi) Natural Ventilation - Maximizing air flow by designing open plan spaces and
using architectural and landscape features to direct and control air flow.
(vii)
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