Problem 8-51

Two blocks A and B, each having a mass M, are connected by the linkage shown. If the
coefficient of static friction at the contacting surfaces is s determine the largest vertical force
P that may be applied to pin C of the linkage without causing the blocks to move. Neglect the
weight of the links.
Given:
M := 6kg
s := 0.5
1 := 30deg
2 := 30deg
Solution:
Guesses
P := 1N

NA := 1N

F A := 1N

F AC := 1N

NB := 1N

F B := 1N

F BC := 1N

Assume that A slips first

Given

( )
F AC sin ( 2) P = 0

F AC cos 2 FBC = 0

( )

NA M g FAC sin 2 = 0

( )

F A FAC cos 2 = 0

( )
( )
F BC sin ( 1) M g cos ( 1) + NB = 0

F BC cos 1 M g sin 1 FB = 0

F A = s NA

P1

NA

FA

N := Find P , N , F , N , F , F , F
( A A B B AC BC) P1 = 23.9 N
B
FB

F
AC

FBC
Assume that B slips first

Given

( )

F AC cos 2 FBC = 0

( )

F AC sin 2 P = 0

( )

NA M g FAC sin 2 = 0

( )

F A FAC cos 2 = 0

( )
( )
F BC sin ( 1) M g cos ( 1) + NB = 0

F BC cos 1 M g sin 1 FB = 0

F B = s NB

P2

NA

FA
N := Find P , N , F , N , F , F , F
( A A B B AC BC)
B
FB

FAC

FBC

P := min P1 , P2

P = 23.9 N

P 2 = 51.5 N

Problem 8-52
Block C has a mass mc and is confined between two walls by smooth rollers. If the block rests on
top of the spool of mass ms, determine the minimum cable force P needed to move the spool. The
cable is wrapped around the spool's inner core. The coefficients of static friction at A and B.
Given:
g := 9.81

m
2

mc := 50kg
ms := 40kg
A := 0.3
B := 0.6
Solution :

r1 := 0.2m

r2 := 0.4m

Assume that the spool slips at A but not at B.

The initial guesses are F B := 2N

Given

P := 3N

NB := 1N

P FB A mc g = 0
NB ms g mc g = 0

P r1 + r2 F B 2 r2 = 0

FB

P := Find ( FB , P , NB)
N
B

FB 441.45

P = 588.60 N
N 882.90
B

Now check the no slip assumption at B

Since F B = 441 N
P = 589 N

< F Bmax = 530 N

F Bmax := B NB

F Bmax = 529.74 N

then our assumptions are correct.

Problem 8-53
A board of weight W1 is placed across the channel and a boy of weight W2 attempts to walk
across. If the coefficient of static friction at A and B s, determine if he can make the crossing;
and if not, how far will he get from A before the board slips?
Given:
W1 := 200N
W2 := 400N
s := 0.4
a := 3m
b := 4
c := 3
Solution:
Initial guesses:

NA := 100N

NB := 200N

d := 1m

Given
Fx = 0;

Fy = 0;

MB = 0;

s NA + s NB

b
2

b +c

NA W2 W1 + NB
W1

NB

b
2

b +c

b +c

+ s NB

a
+ W2 ( a d) NA a = 0
2

NA

NB := Find ( NA , NB , d)

d
NA 241.379
=
N
NB 344.828

= 0
2

d = 1.94 m

Since d = 1.94 m < a = 3 m then the board will slip

c
2

= 0
2

b +c

Problem 8-54
Determine the minimum force P needed to push the tube E up the incline. The tube has a
mass of M1 and the roller D has a mass of M2. The force acts parallel to the plane, and the
coefficients of static friction at the contacting surfaces are A, B and C. Each cylinder has a
radius of r.
Given:
M1 := 75kg
M2 := 100kg
A := 0.3
B := 0.25
C := 0.4
:= 30deg
r := 150mm
g = 9.81

m
2

s
Solution:

Initial guesses:
NA := 100N
NB := 200N

F A := 10N

NC := 300N

F C := 30N

P := 100N

F B := 20N

Given
For roller D
Fx' = 0;

P NA FC M2 g sin ( ) = 0

Fy' = 0;

NC + F A M2 g cos ( ) = 0

M0' = 0;

F A r F C r = 0

For tube E
Fx' = 0;

NA F B M1 g sin ( ) = 0

Fy' = 0;

NB FA M1 g cos ( ) = 0

M0' = 0;

F A r F B r = 0

Assuming slipping occurs only at A.

F A = A NA

 NA

NB

NC
F := Find N , N , N , F , F , F , P
( A B C A B C )
A
FB

FC

P

NA
525
NB

795

N
C 692
F = 158 N

A
FB 158
158

FC
1173
P

F Bmax := B NB

FBmax 199
=
N
FCmax 277

F Cmax := C NC

Since F B = 158 N < F Bmax = 199 N and F C = 158 N < F Cmax = 277 N
assumption is correct

P = 1173 N

then our

Problem 8-55
The concrete pipe at A rests on top of B and C. If the coefficient of static friction between the
pipes is s and at the ground s', determine their smallest values so that the pipes will not slip.
Each pipe has a radius r and weight W, and the angle between the centers as indicated is .

Solution:
Total System :
Fy = 0;

2N' 3W = 0

N' =

3
W
2

Pipe C:
Fx = 0;

F cos ( ) + N sin ( ) F' = 0

Fy = 0;

N' W N cos ( ) F sin ( ) = 0

MO = 0;

F r F' r = 0

Solving,

F = F' =

1 W sin ( )

2 cos ( ) + 1

N=

W
2

For Pipe A :
s N

1 W sin ( )

2 cos ( ) + 1

sin ( )
cos ( ) + 1

For Pipe C:
s' N'

1 W sin ( )

2 cos ( ) + 1

s'

1 sin ( )

3 cos ( ) + 1

Problem 8-56
The uniform pole has a weight W and length L. Its end
B is tied to a supporting cord, and end A is placed
against the wall, for which the coefficient of static
friction is s. Determine the largest angle at which
the pole can be placed without slipping.

Solution:
Fx = 0;

NA T sin = 0
2

Fy = 0;

s NA W + T cos

MB = 0;

L
NA L cos ( ) s NA L sin ( ) + W sin ( ) = 0
2

= 0

Solving we find

NA = T sin
2

W + T cos = 0

2
2

s T sin

+ sin

s
2
2

W = T cos

L cos ( ) + L sin ( ) = T cos + sin L sin ( )

(
) 2 s 2 2
s
2

T sin

cos ( ) + sin ( ) = 1 sin ( ) cos + sin

(


) 2
s
s
2
2
2

sin
s
2

sin ( ) = 1 sin ( ) cos sin cos ( )

2
2
2
2

sin

2 sin cos ( )

2
2

sin sin ( )
2

sin ( ) cos
s =

2
2
2cos sin

2 2
2 = cot cos + tan
s =



2
2
2

sin
2 sin cos
2
2
2

cos

s = tan

= 2 atan ( )

Problem 8-57
The carpenter slowly pushes the uniform board horizontally over the top of the saw horse. The
board has a uniform weight density and the saw horse has a weight W and a center of gravity
at G. Determine if the saw horse will stay in position, slip, or tip if the board is pushed forward
at the given distance d. The coefficients of static friction are shown in the figure.
Given:
:= 50

N
m

L := 5.4 m
W := 75N
a := 0.9 m
b := 0.3 m
:= 0.5
' := 0.3
d := 3m

Solution:
Board:
L

+ Nd = 0

N :=

2
L
d
2

N = 1N

To cause slipping of the board on the saw horse:

Pxb := N

Pxb = 0.5 N

To cause slipping at the ground:

Pxg := ' ( N + W)

Pxg = 0.393 N

To cause tipping
( N + W)b Pxt a = 0
Pxt :=

( N + W) b

Pxt = 0.436 N

Choose the critical case

Px := min Pxb , Pxg , Pxt

Px = 0.393 N

Problem 8-58
The carpenter slowly pushes the uniform board horizontally over the top of the saw horse. The
board has a uniform weight density and the saw horse has a weight W and a center of gravity
at G. Determine if the saw horse will stay in position, slip, or tip if the board is pushed forward
at the given distance d. The coefficients of static friction are shown in the figure.
Given:
:= 50

N
m

L := 5.4 m
W := 75N
a := 0.9 m
b := 0.3 m
:= 0.5
' := 0.3
d := 4.2 m

Solution:
Board:
L

+ Nd = 0

N :=

2
L
d
2

N = 1N

To cause slipping of the board on the saw horse:

Pxb := N

Pxb = 0.5 N

To cause slipping at the ground:

Pxg := ' ( N + W)

Pxg = 0.43 N

To cause tipping
( N + W)b Pxt a = 0
Pxt :=

( N + W) b

Pxt = 0.477 N

Choose the critical case

Px := min Pxb , Pxg , Pxt

Px = 0.43 N

Problem 8-59
The disk of mass mo rests on the surface for which the coefficient of static friction is A
Determine the largest couple moment M that can be applied to the bar without causing motion.
Given
mo := 45kg
A := 0.2
a := 300mm
b := 400mm
r := 125mm
Solution:
Guesses
M := 1N m

NA := 1N

Bx := 1N

By := 1N

Given
M Bx b By a = 0
Bx A NA = 0
NA mo g By = 0
By r A NA r = 0

M

NA
:= Find ( M , NA , Bx , By)
Bx
B
y
NA
551.624

Bx = 110.325 N
110.325
By

M = 77.2 N m

Problem 8-60
The disk of mass m0 rests on the surface for which the coefficient of static friction is A
Determine the friction force at A.
Given
M := 50N m
mo := 45kg
A := 0.2
a := 300mm
b := 400mm
r := 125mm
Solution:

Assume no motion

Guesses
Bx := 1N
Given

By := 1N

NA := 1N

F A := 1N

M By a Bx b = 0
NA By mo g = 0
Bx F A = 0
By r FA r = 0

Bx

By
:= Find ( Bx , By , NA , FA)
NA
F
A

NA 512.728
=
N
FA 71.429

Check assumption:

F Amax := A NA

Since F A = 71.4 N

< FAmax = 102.5 N

F A = 71.4 N

then our assumption is good.

Problem 8-61
A block of weight W is attached to a light rod AD that pivots at pin A. If the coefficient of static
friction between the plane and the block is s, determine the minimum angle at which the
block may be placed on the plane without slipping. Neglect the size of the block in the
calculation.
Given:
a := 1.2m
b := 0.6m
c := 0.9m
s := 0.4
W := 30N
Solution:
Establish a unit vector
perpendicular to the plane.

b

rBC := c

0
n1 :=

b

rBA := 0

a

rBC rBA
rBC rBA

0.768

n1 = 0.512

0.384

Establish 2 other unit vectors in this plane, and one in the z direction

0

k := 0

1
Guess
Given

0

rCA := c

a
T := 1N

n2 :=

rCA

n3 := n1 n2

rCA

N := 0.1kN := 10deg

N n1 + T cos ( ) n2 sin ( ) n3 s N sin ( ) n2 + cos ( ) n3 W k = 0

N
T := Find ( N , T , )

N 1
=
N
T 2.37

= 20.37 deg

Problem 8-62
Determine the force P needed to lift the load of weight W. Smooth rollers are placed between
the wedges. The coefficient of static friction between A and C and between B and D is s.
Neglect the weight of each wedge.
Given:
:= 10deg
W := 500N
s := 0.3
Solution:
Initial guesses:
N' := 10N

NA := 15N

NB := 20N

P := 5N

Given
Wedge B:
Fx = 0;

N' sin ( ) NB = 0

Fy = 0;

N' cos ( ) W s NB = 0

Wedge A:
Fx = 0;

P N' sin ( ) s NA = 0

Fy = 0;

NA N' cos ( ) = 0

N'
NB
:= Find ( N' , NB , NA , P)
NA
P

N' 536.1

NB = 93.1 N
N 527.9
A
P = 251.5 N

Problem 8-63
The wedge is used to level the floor of a building. For the floor loading shown, determine the
horizontal force P that must be applied to move the wedge forward. The coefficient of static
friction between the wedge and the two surfaces of contact is s. Neglect the size and weight
of the wedge and the thickness of the beam.
Units Used:

kN := 10 N

Given:
F 1 := 2kN

a := 3m

F 2 := 4kN

b := 2m

F 3 := 4kN

c := 3m

F 4 := 2kN

:= 15deg

s := 0.25
Solution:
Guesses
N1 := 1kN

N2 := 1kN

P := 1kN

Given

(F1 N1) ( a + b + c) + F2 ( b + c) + F3 c = 0
N2 cos ( ) s N2 sin ( ) N1 = 0
s N1 + s N2 cos ( ) + N2 sin ( ) P = 0

N1

N2 := Find ( N1 , N2 , P)

P

N1 6
=
kN
N2 6.66

P = 4.83 kN

Problem 8-64
The three stone blocks have weights WA, WB, and WC. Determine the smallest horizontal force P
that must be applied to block C in order to move this block.The coefficient of static friction
between the blocks is s, and between the floor and each block 's.
Given:
WA := 3kN
WB := 0.75kN
WC := 2.5kN
s := 0.3
's := 0.5
:= 45deg
Solution:
Assume all blocks slip together

N1 := WA + WB + WC
P 1 := 's N1

P 1 = 3.125 kN

Assume that block A does not move and block

B moves up

Guesses
NC := 1kN

N' := 1kN N'' := 1kN P := 1kN

Given
N'' + 's NC P = 0
NC WC WB s N'' = 0
N' sin ( ) s N' cos ( ) s N'' WB = 0
N'' s N' sin ( ) N' cos ( ) = 0

 NC
N'
:= Find ( NC , N' , N'' , P)
N''
P2

Choose the critical case

NC 4.194

N' = 3.421 kN
3.145
N''

P := min P1 , P2

P 2 = 5 kN

P = 3.125 kN

Problem 8-65
If the spring is compressed a distance and the coefficient of static friction between the tapered
stub S and the slider A is sA, determine the horizontal force P needed to move the slider forward.
The stub is free to move without friction within the fixed collar C. The coefficient of static friction
between A and surface B is AB. Neglect the weights of the slider and stub.
Given:
:= 60mm
sA := 0.5
AB := 0.4
k := 300

N
m

:= 30deg

Solution :
Stub :
+

Fy = 0;

NA cos ( ) sA NA sin ( ) k = 0
k
NA :=
cos ( ) sA sin ( )

NA = 29.22 N

Slider:
+

Fy = 0;

NB NA cos ( ) + sA NA sin ( ) = 0
NB := NA cos ( ) sA NA sin ( )

+
Fx = 0;

NB = 18 N

P AB NB NA sin ( ) sA NA cos ( ) = 0
P := AB NB + NA sin ( ) + sA NA cos ( )

P = 34.5 N

Problem 8-66
The coefficient of static friction between wedges B and C is s1 and between the surfaces of
contact B and A and C and D, s2. If the spring is compressed to a distance when in the position
shown, determine the smallest force P needed to move wedge C to the left. Neglect the weight of
the wedges.
Given:
s1 := 0.6

:= 15deg

s2 := 0.4

k := 500

N
m

:= 200mm

Solution :
The initial guesses:
NAB := 10 N

NBC := 20N

NCD := 30N

P := 40N

Given
Wedge B:
NAB s1 NBC cos ( ) NBC sin ( ) = 0
NBC cos ( ) s1 NBC sin ( ) s2 NAB k = 0
Wedge C:
NCD cos ( ) s2 NCD sin ( ) + s1 NBC sin ( ) NBC cos ( ) = 0
NCD sin ( ) + s2 NCD cos ( ) + NBC sin ( ) + s1 NBC cos ( ) P = 0

NAB

NBC

:= Find ( NAB , NBC , NCD , P)

N
CD

NAB
176

NBC = 210 N

198
NCD

P = 304 N

Problem 8-67
The coefficient of static friction between the wedges B and C is s1 and between the surfaces of
contact B and A and C and D, s2` . Determine the smalles allowable compression of the spring
without causing wedge C to move to the left. Neglect the weight of the wedges.
Given:
s1 := 0.6

:= 15deg

s2 := 0.4

k := 500

N
m

P := 50N

Solution :
The initial guesses:
NAB := 10 N

NBC := 20N

NCD := 30N

:= 10mm

Given
Wedge B:
NAB s1 NBC cos ( ) NBC sin ( ) = 0
NBC cos ( ) s1 NBC sin ( ) s2 NAB k = 0
Wedge C:
NCD cos ( ) s2 NCD sin ( ) + s1 NBC sin ( ) NBC cos ( ) = 0
NCD sin ( ) + s2 NCD cos ( ) + NBC sin ( ) + s1 NBC cos ( ) P = 0

NAB

NBC

:= Find ( NAB , NBC , NCD , )

NCD

NAB
29

NBC = 35 N

33
NCD

= 32.90 mm

Problem 8-68
The wedge blocks are used to hold the specimen in a tension testing machine. Determine the
design angle of the wedges so that the specimen will not slip regardless of the applied load.
The coefficients of static friction are A at A and B at B. Neglect the weight of the blocks.
Given :
A := 0.1
B := 0.6

Solution :

Specimen:
+

Fy = 0;

2 F B P = 0

FB =

P
2

Wedge:
+
Fx = 0;

NA cos A NA sin ( )

A NA cos ( ) + NA sin ( )

Fy = 0;

P
2 B
P
2

= 0

= 0

If we eliminate P we have

B NA cos ( ) A NA sin ( ) = A NA cos ( ) + NA sin ( )

(1 + A B) sin ( ) = ( B A) cos ( )
B A

1 + A B

:= atan

= 25.3 deg

Problem 8-69
The wedge is used to level the member. Determine the reversed horizontal force -P that must
be applied to pull the wedge out to the left. The coefficient of static friction between the
wedge and the two surfaces of contact is s. Neglect the weight of the wedge.
Units Used:
3

kN := 10 N
Given:
s := 0.15
:= 5deg
a := 600mm
b := 500mm
c := 250mm
d := 3
e := 4
F 1 := 8kN
F 2 := 15kN
Solution:
Guesses
P := 1N

NA := 1N

NB := 1N

Given
P + s NB + s NA cos ( ) NA sin ( ) = 0
NB NA cos ( ) s NA sin ( ) = 0
F 1 b +

e
2

F 2 a +

d
2

e +d
e +d
+ s NA cos ( ) NA sin ( ) ( b + c)

P

NA := Find ( P , NA , NB)
N
B

F2 ( b + c) NA cos ( ) + s NA sin ( ) 2 a ... = 0

NA 15.42
=
( kN)
NB 15.56

P = 3.29 kN

Problem 8-70
If the coefficient of static friction between all the surfaces of contact is s, determine the
force P that must be applied to the wedge in order to lift the brace that supports the load F.

Solution:
System :
Fx = 0;

P NB s NA = 0

(1)

Fy = 0;

NA s NB F = 0

(2)

Wedge A :
Fx = 0;

P s NA s N' cos ( ) N' sin ( ) = 0

(3)

Fy = 0;

NA N' cos ( ) + s N' sin ( ) = 0

(4)

From Eqs. (3) and (4) :

N' =

P s NA

(5)

s cos ( ) + sin ( )

NA =

P 1 s tan ( )

2 s + 1 s tan ( )

From Eqs. (1) and (2) :

NB =

P s NA
s

1 + 2 N F
s A

P=
s

Combining Eqs. (5) and (6) :

(6)

 1 2 tan ( ) + 2
s
s

P = F
1 2 tan ( ) 2
s
s

Problem 8-71
The column is used to support the upper floor. If a force F is applied
perpendicular to the handle to tighten the screw, determine the
compressive force in the column. The square-threaded screw on the jack
has a coefficient of static friction s, mean diameter d, and a lead h.
Units Used:
3

kN := 10 N
Given :
F := 80N

s := 0.4

h := 3mm

d := 25mm

a := 0.5m

Solution :

( )

s = 21.80 deg

p = 2.187 deg

s := atan s
p := atan

d tan +

( s p)
2

M = F a = W

W := 2 F

d tan s + p

W = 7.19 kN

Problem 8-72
The column is used to support the upper floor. If the force F is removed
from the handle of the jack, determine if the screw is self-locking.. The
square-threaded screw on the jack has a coefficient of static friction s,
mean diameter d, and a lead h.
Given :
F := 80N

s := 0.4

h := 3 mm

a := 0.5m

d := 25mm

Solution :

( )

s = 21.8 deg

p = 2.19 deg

s := atan s

p := atan

Since s = 21.8 deg > p = 2.19 deg , screw is self locking.

Problem 8-73
The vise is used to grip the pipe. If a horizontal force F1 is applied perpendicular to the end of
the handle of length l, determine the compressive force F developed in the pipe. The square
threads have a mean diameter d and a lead a. How much force must be applied perpendicular
to the handle to loosen the vise?
Given:
F 1 := 100N
d := 37.5mm
s := 0.3
L := 250mm
a := 5mm

Solution:
r :=

d
2

2 r

= 2.43 deg

( )

= 16.70 deg

:= atan

:= atan s

F 1 L = F r tan ( + )
F := F 1

L
r tan ( + )

F = 3.84 kN

To loosen screw,
P L = F r tan ( )
P := F r

tan ( )
L

P = 73.3 N

Problem 8-74
Determine the couple forces F that must be applied to the handle of the machinists vise in
order to create a compressive force F A in the block. Neglect friction at the bearing A. The
guide at B is smooth so that the axial force on the screw is F A. The single square-threaded
screw has a mean radius b and a lead c, and the coefficient of static friction is s.
Given:
a := 125mm
F A := 400N
b := 6mm
c := 8mm
s := 0.27

Solution:

( )

= 15.11 deg

2 b

= 11.981 deg

:= atan s
:= atan

F 2 a = FA b tan ( + )
F := F A

b
2a

tan ( + )

F = 4.91 N

Problem 8-75
If couple forces F are applied to the handle of the machinists vise, determine the compressive
force developed in the block. Neglect friction at the bearing A. The guide at B is smooth. The
single square-threaded screw has a mean radius of r1 and a lead of r2, and the coefficient of
static friction is s.
Units Used:
3

kN := 10 N
Given:
F := 35N
a := 125mm
r1 := 6mm
r2 := 8mm
s := 0.27
Solution:

( )

= 15.11 deg

r2

2 r1

= 11.981 deg

:= atan s
:= atan

F 2 a = P r1 tan ( + )
P := 2 F

a
r1 tan ( + )

P = 2.85 kN