OBJECT: To determine the high resistance by method of leakage of charge

using a Ballistic galvanometer

APPARTUS: A Ballistics galvanometer, Trainer kit , Lamp & scale arrangement
stop watch, keys and a rheostat 600ohms .
DIAGRAM

Theory
If a capacitor C is charged to a potential difference Vo is instantaneously
discharged through a ballistic galvanometer giving rise to a first throw 0 then
charge on the capacitor

Q0 =CVo= KQ0(1+/2)
Where k is the constant of the ballistic galvanometer and is the logarithmic
decrement.
The capacitor is again charged to the same potential and the charge is allowed to
leak through a high resistor R for a known time t so that potential falls from Vo
to Vt.
If the remaining charge q on the capacitor is allowed to pass through the
galvanometer so that a throw t is produced then.
Q=CVt=Kt(1+ /2)
Hence
Qo/Q= Vo/Vt=o/t
If v is the potential difference across the capacitor at any instant during the time
the charge is leaking and dQ/dt is the rate of loss of charge , then
I= - dQ/dt= -d/dt(CV)=-C(dV/dt)
Also
I=V/R
V/R=-C dV/dt
dt/RC=-dV/V
Interating for a time t we have
t

dt = dV /V
1/RC
0
0
t

R= C . log e VO = 2.3026 C . log10 O

VT

FORMULA: The resistance R of the given resistor is given by

t
2.3026 C . log 10

O
T

Where,
t= time for which the charge on the capacitor is allowed to leak through the high
resistance R
0= first throw of the spot of light when the fully charged capacitor is discharged
through the Ballistic Galvanometer.
t= first throw of the spot of light when the fully charged capacitor is first
discharged through the resistance R for a time t and then discharged through the
Ballistics Galvanometer.
C= capacity of the given capacitor in farads.
PROCEDURE
Level the ballistic galvanometer and set the lamp & scale arrangement. Adjust
the position of the spot of light of the Galvanometer is adjusted at zero of the scale.
Connect the trainer to the power supply mains.
Make the battery switch Key K0 to on position.
2. The connections are made as shown in the figure .Key k 1 is made to position 1 and
key k3 switched to position1 . It will charge the condenser.
3. The key k3 is released from position 1 moved to position 2 . The first throw 0 is
noted. The value of throw 0 is adjusted between 30 and 50 divisions with help of
rheostat.(connect a rheostat between the ballistic galvanometer if required)
4. With the help of the damping key connected across the ballistic galvanometer , the
motion of the galvanometer is stopped. Key k 3 is pressed changed to 1 position to
charge the condenser again by moving the K1 key to position1.
5. Key k1 is removed from 1 and move to position1 and k 2 is closed to short position.
Same time start the stop watch. Key k3 is moved to position 1 for a time t second, say
10 second let the capacitor to discharge through the R. Then after 10 sec Turn the K3
Key position 2 to remaining charge to discharge through the ballistic galvanometer .
The first throw t is noted.
For the same value of 0 , t is observed for two more values of t.
7. For a different set, the value of 0is changed by varying the resistance of the
rheostat and t is observed for three different values of t.

plot the graph taking the various values of time t along the x axis and the
corresponding values of log100/ t . Find the slope of the curve and calculate the
self leakage resistance r from the formula already given.

Similarly plot a graph between t and log100/ t and find the combined parallel
resistance r of the combination r & R from which the resistance can be calculated