Table of Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants - Your Drinking Water - US EPA

21/4/2016
TableofRegulatedDrinkingWaterContaminants|YourDrinkingWater|USEPA
TableofRegulatedDrinkingWaterContaminants
RelatedInfo
RegulationDevelopmentforDrinkingWaterContaminants
CodeofFederalRegulations:Title40ProtectionoftheEnvironment
(fullpublication)
TheNationalPrimaryDrinkingWaterRegulations(NPDWRsorprimary
standards)arelegallyenforceablestandardsthatapplytopublicwatersystems.
Primarystandardsprotectpublichealthbylimitingthelevelsofcontaminantsin
drinkingwater.Visitthelistbelowofregulatedcontaminantsfordetails.
Onthispage:
Microorganisms
Disinfectants
DisinfectionByproducts
InorganicChemicals
OrganicChemicals
Radionuclides
Contaminant
Microorganisms
MCL PotentialHealthEffectsfrom
1
MCLG
LongTermExposureAbove
orTT1
2
theMCL(unlessspecifiedas
(mg/L)
(mg/L)2 shortterm)
Sourcesof
Contaminant
inDrinking
Water
Cryptosporidium zero
TT3
Humanand
Gastrointestinalillness(suchas
animalfecal
diarrhea,vomiting,andcramps)
waste
Giardialamblia zero
TT3
Humanand
animalfecal
waste
HPChasnohealtheffectsitis
ananalyticmethodusedto
Heterotrophic
measurethevarietyofbacteria
3
platecount
n/a
TT
thatarecommoninwater.The
https://www.epa.gov/yourdrinkingwater/tableregulateddrinkingwatercontaminants#Inorganic
HPC
measuresa
rangeof
bacteriathat
1/17
21/4/2016
platecount
(HPC)
Legionella
n/a
zero
TotalColiforms
(includingfecal
zero
coliformandE.
Coli)
Turbidity
n/a
Viruses(enteric) zero
TT3
thatarecommoninwater.The
lowertheconcentrationof
bacteriaindrinkingwater,the
bettermaintainedthewater
systemis.
bacteriathat
arenaturally
presentinthe
environment
TT3
Found
naturallyin
Legionnaire'sDisease,atypeof water
pneumonia
multipliesin
heating
systems
5.0%4
Coliformsare
naturally
presentinthe
environment
Notahealththreatinitselfitis aswellas
usedtoindicatewhetherother fecesfecal
potentiallyharmfulbacteria
coliformsand
5
E.colionly
maybepresent
comefrom
humanand
animalfecal
waste.
TT3
Turbidityisameasureofthe
cloudinessofwater.Itisusedto
indicatewaterqualityand
filtrationeffectiveness(suchas
whetherdiseasecausing
organismsarepresent).Higher
turbiditylevelsareoften
Soilrunoff
associatedwithhigherlevelsof
diseasecausingmicroorganisms
suchasviruses,parasitesand
somebacteria.Theseorganisms
cancausesymptomssuchas
nausea,cramps,diarrhea,and
associatedheadaches.
TT3
Humanand
animalfecal
waste
DisinfectionByproducts
MCLor PotentialHealthEffects
Sourcesof
2/17
21/4/2016
Contaminant
Bromate
Chlorite
PotentialHealthEffects
fromLongTermExposure
AbovetheMCL(unless
specifiedasshortterm)
Sourcesof
Contaminant
inDrinking
Water
0.010
Increasedriskofcancer
Byproductof
drinking
water
disinfection
1.0
Anemiainfantsandyoung
children:nervoussystem
effects
Byproductof
drinking
water
disinfection
Increasedriskofcancer
Byproductof
drinking
water
disinfection
MCLor
MCLG1 1
TT
(mg/L)2
(mg/L)2
zero
0.8
Haloaceticacids 6
n/a
(HAA5)
0.060
Total
Liver,kidneyorcentral
========
Trihalomethanes >n/a6
nervoussystemproblems
>>0.080
(TTHMs)
increasedriskofcancer
Contaminant
MCLG1
(mg/L)2
Byproductof
drinking
water
disinfection
Disinfectants
PotentialHealthEffects
Sourcesof
MCLor
fromLongTerm
Contaminant
TT1
ExposureAbovethe
inDrinking
MCL(unlessspecified
(mg/L)2
Water
asshortterm)
Eye/noseirritation
Chloramines
1
1
MRDLG=4 MRDL=4.0 stomachdiscomfort,
(asCl2)
anemia
Water
additiveused
tocontrol
microbes
Chlorine(as
Eye/noseirritation
MRDLG=41 MRDL=4.01 stomachdiscomfort
Cl2)
Water
additiveused
tocontrol
microbes
Chlorine
dioxide(as
ClO2)
Anemiainfantsand
Water
youngchildren:nervous
additiveused
MRDLG=0.81 MRDL=0.81
systemeffects
tocontrol
microbes
3/17
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microbes
InorganicChemicals
PotentialHealth
EffectsfromLong
MCLor
Sourcesof
1
MCLG
TermExposureAbove
1
Contaminant
TT
Contaminantin
theMCL(unless
(mg/L)2
DrinkingWater
(mg/L)2
specifiedasshort
term)
Antimony
Arsenic
0.006
0.006
Skindamageor
problemswith
0.010asof circulatorysystems,
01/23/06
andmayhave
increasedriskof
gettingcancer
7
Asbestos
million
(fiber>10 fibers 7MFL
micrometers) perliter
(MFL)
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Dischargefrom
Increaseinblood
petroleumrefineries
cholesteroldecreasein fireretardants
bloodsugar
ceramics
electronicssolder
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
Erosionofnatural
depositsrunofffrom
orchards,runofffrom
glassand
electronicsproduction
wastes
Increasedriskof
developingbenign
intestinalpolyps
Decayofasbestos
cementinwater
mainserosionof
naturaldeposits
Increaseinblood
pressure
Dischargeofdrilling
wastesdischarge
frommetal
refinerieserosionof
naturaldeposits
Intestinallesions
Dischargefrom
metalrefineriesand
coalburning
factoriesdischarge
fromelectrical,
aerospace,and
defenseindustries
Kidneydamage
Corrosionof
galvanizedpipes
erosionofnatural
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Cadmium
Chromium
(total)
0.005
0.1
0.005
0.1
Kidneydamage
Allergicdermatitis
erosionofnatural
depositsdischarge
frommetal
refineriesrunoff
fromwastebatteries
andpaints
Dischargefromsteel
andpulpmills
erosionofnatural
deposits
Shorttermexposure:
Gastrointestinal
distress
Copper
1.3
Cyanide(as
0.2
freecyanide)
Fluoride
4.0
Longtermexposure:
Liverorkidney
Corrosionof
7
damage
householdplumbing
TT Action
systemserosionof
Level=1.3
PeoplewithWilson's naturaldeposits
Diseaseshouldconsult
theirpersonaldoctorif
theamountofcopperin
theirwaterexceedsthe
actionlevel
Dischargefrom
steel/metalfactories
dischargefrom
plasticandfertilizer
factories
0.2
Nervedamageor
thyroidproblems
4.0
Wateradditivewhich
promotesstrong
Bonedisease(painand
teetherosionof
tendernessofthe
naturaldeposits
bones)Childrenmay
dischargefrom
getmottledteeth
fertilizerand
aluminumfactories
Infantsandchildren:
Delaysinphysicalor
mentaldevelopment
childrencouldshow
slightdeficitsin
TT7Action attentionspanand
Lead
zero
Level=0.015 learningabilities
Corrosionof
householdplumbing
systemserosionof
5/17
21/4/2016
Level=0.015 learningabilities
Adults:Kidney
problemshighblood
pressure
Mercury
(inorganic)
0.002
Nitrate
(measuredas 10
Nitrogen)
Nitrite
(measuredas 1
Nitrogen)
systemserosionof
naturaldeposits
0.002
Kidneydamage
Erosionofnatural
depositsdischarge
fromrefineriesand
factoriesrunofffrom
landfillsand
croplands
10
Infantsbelowtheage
ofsixmonthswho
drinkwatercontaining
nitrateinexcessofthe
MCLcouldbecome
seriouslyilland,if
untreated,maydie.
Symptomsinclude
shortnessofbreathand
bluebabysyndrome.
Runofffrom
fertilizeruseleaking
fromseptictanks,
sewageerosionof
naturaldeposits
Infantsbelowtheage
ofsixmonthswho
drinkwatercontaining
nitriteinexcessofthe
MCLcouldbecome
seriouslyilland,if
untreated,maydie.
Symptomsinclude
shortnessofbreathand
bluebabysyndrome.
Runofffrom
fertilizeruseleaking
fromseptictanks,
sewageerosionof
naturaldeposits
0.05
Dischargefrom
Hairorfingernailloss
petroleumrefineries
numbnessinfingersor
erosionofnatural
toescirculatory
depositsdischarge
problems
frommines
Selenium
0.05
Thallium
0.0005 0.002
Hairlosschangesin
bloodkidney,
intestine,orliver
Leachingfromore
processingsites
dischargefrom
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intestine,orliver
problems
Contaminant
Acrylamide
Alachlor
Atrazine
Benzene
Benzo(a)pyrene(PAHs)
dischargefrom
electronics,glass,
anddrugfactories
OrganicChemicals
Potential
Health
Effectsfrom
MCLor
LongTerm Sourcesof
MCLG1 1
TT
Exposure
Contaminantin
(mg/L)2
2
Abovethe
DrinkingWater
(mg/L)
MCL(unless
specifiedas
shortterm)
zero
zero
0.003
zero
zero
TT8
Nervous
systemor
blood
problems
increasedrisk
ofcancer
0.002
Eye,liver,
kidneyor
spleen
Runofffrom
problems
herbicideusedon
anemia
rowcrops
increasedrisk
ofcancer
0.003
Cardiovascular
Runofffrom
systemor
herbicideusedon
reproductive
rowcrops
problems
0.005
Anemia
decreasein
blood
platelets
increasedrisk
ofcancer
Dischargefrom
factoriesleaching
fromgasstorage
tanksandlandfills
0.0002
Reproductive
difficulties
increasedrisk
ofcancer
Leachingfrom
liningsofwater
storagetanksand
distributionlines
Addedtowater
during
sewage/wastewater
treatment
7/17
21/4/2016
Carbofuran
Carbontetrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorobenzene
2,4D
Dalapon
1,2Dibromo3
chloropropane(DBCP)
oDichlorobenzene
0.04
zero
zero
0.1
0.07
0.2
zero
0.6
0.04
Problemswith
blood,nervous
system,or
Leachingofsoil
reproductive fumigantusedon
system
riceandalfalfa
0.005
Liver
problems
increasedrisk
ofcancer
0.002
Liveror
nervous
system
Residueofbanned
problems
termiticide
increasedrisk
ofcancer
0.1
Liveror
kidney
problems
0.07
Kidney,liver,
Runofffrom
oradrenal
herbicideusedon
gland
rowcrops
problems
0.2
Runofffrom
Minorkidney
herbicideusedon
changes
rightsofway
0.0002
Runoff/leaching
Reproductive
fromsoilfumigant
difficulties
usedonsoybeans,
increasedrisk
cotton,pineapples,
ofcancer
andorchards
0.6
Liver,kidney,
Dischargefrom
orcirculatory
industrialchemical
system
factories
problems
Dischargefrom
chemicalplants
andother
industrialactivities
Dischargefrom
chemicaland
agricultural
chemicalfactories
8/17
21/4/2016
Anemialiver,
kidneyor
spleen
Dischargefrom
damage
industrialchemical
changesin
factories
blood
pDichlorobenzene
0.075
0.075
1,2Dichloroethane
zero
0.005
Dischargefrom
Increasedrisk
industrialchemical
ofcancer
factories
0.007
Liver
problems
Dischargefrom
industrialchemical
factories
0.07
Liver
problems
Dischargefrom
industrialchemical
factories
0.1
Liver
problems
Dischargefrom
industrialchemical
factories
1,1Dichloroethylene
cis1,2Dichloroethylene
0.007
0.07
trans1,2Dichloroethylene 0.1
Dichloromethane
zero
0.005
Liver
Dischargefrom
problems
drugandchemical
increasedrisk
factories
ofcancer
1,2Dichloropropane
zero
0.005
Dischargefrom
Increasedrisk
industrialchemical
ofcancer
factories
0.4
Weightloss,
liverproblems,
Dischargefrom
orpossible
chemicalfactories
reproductive
difficulties.
Di(2ethylhexyl)adipate
0.4
Di(2ethylhexyl)phthalate zero
0.006
Reproductive
difficulties
Dischargefrom
liver
rubberand
chemicalfactories
9/17
21/4/2016
problems
increasedrisk
ofcancer
Dinoseb
Runofffrom
Reproductive herbicideusedon
difficulties
soybeansand
vegetables
0.007
0.007
Dioxin(2,3,7,8TCDD)
zero
Emissionsfrom
Reproductive wasteincineration
difficulties
andother
0.00000003
increasedrisk combustion
ofcancer
dischargefrom
chemicalfactories
Diquat
0.02
0.02
Cataracts
Runofffrom
herbicideuse
Endothall
0.1
0.1
Stomachand
Runofffrom
intestinal
herbicideuse
problems
Endrin
0.002
0.002
Liver
problems
Residueofbanned
insecticide
TT8
Increased
cancerrisk,
andovera
longperiodof
time,stomach
problems
Dischargefrom
industrialchemical
factoriesan
impurityofsome
watertreatment
chemicals
0.7
Liveror
kidneys
problems
Dischargefrom
petroleum
refineries
Epichlorohydrin
Ethylbenzene
Ethylenedibromide
zero
0.7
zero
0.00005
Problemswith
liver,stomach,
reproductive Dischargefrom
system,or
petroleum
refineries
10/17
21/4/2016
kidneys
increasedrisk
ofcancer
Glyphosate
Heptachlor
Heptachlorepoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
0.7
zero
zero
zero
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene0.05
Lindane
Methoxychlor
0.7
Kidney
problems
reproductive
difficulties
0.0004
Liverdamage
Residueofbanned
increasedrisk
termiticide
ofcancer
0.0002
Liverdamage
Breakdownof
increasedrisk
heptachlor
ofcancer
0.001
Liveror
kidney
problems
reproductive
difficulties
increasedrisk
ofcancer
0.05
Kidneyor
stomach
problems
Runofffrom
herbicideuse
Dischargefrom
metalrefineries
andagricultural
chemicalfactories
Dischargefrom
chemicalfactories
Runoff/leaching
frominsecticide
usedoncattle,
lumber,gardens
0.0002 0.0002
Liveror
kidney
problems
0.04
Runoff/leaching
frominsecticide
Reproductive
usedonfruits,
difficulties
vegetables,alfalfa,
livestock
0.04
11/17
21/4/2016
Oxamyl(Vydate)
0.2
Polychlorinatedbiphenyls
zero
(PCBs)
0.2
Slightnervous Runoff/leaching
systemeffects frominsecticide
usedonapples,
potatoes,and
tomatoes
0.0005
Skinchanges
thymusgland
problems
immune
deficiencies Runofffrom
reproductive landfillsdischarge
ornervous
ofwastechemicals
system
difficulties
increasedrisk
ofcancer
Dischargefrom
woodpreserving
factories
Herbiciderunoff
Pentachlorophenol
zero
0.001
Liveror
kidney
problems
increased
cancerrisk
Picloram
0.5
0.5
Liver
problems
Simazine
0.004
0.004
Problemswith
Herbiciderunoff
blood
0.1
Liver,kidney,
orcirculatory
system
problems
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
0.1
zero
0.005
Dischargefrom
rubberandplastic
factoriesleaching
fromlandfills
Dischargefrom
Liver
factoriesanddry
problems
cleaners
increasedrisk
ofcancer
Nervous
system,
kidney,or
Dischargefrom
petroleumfactories
12/17
21/4/2016
kidney,or
petroleumfactories
liverproblems
Toxaphene
zero
0.003
Kidney,liver,
orthyroid
problems
increasedrisk
ofcancer
2,4,5TP(Silvex)
0.05
0.05
Liver
problems
0.07
Dischargefrom
Changesin
textilefinishing
adrenalglands
factories
0.2
Liver,nervous
system,or
circulatory
problems
0.005
Liver,kidney,
Dischargefrom
orimmune
industrialchemical
system
factories
problems
0.005
Liver
problems
increasedrisk
ofcancer
0.002
Leachingfrom
Increasedrisk PVCpipes
ofcancer
dischargefrom
plasticfactories
10
Nervous
system
damage
1,2,4Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1Trichloroethane
1,1,2Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Vinylchloride
Xylenes(total)
0.07
0.20
0.003
zero
zero
10
Runoff/leaching
frominsecticide
usedoncottonand
cattle
Residueofbanned
herbicide
Dischargefrom
metaldegreasing
sitesandother
factories
Dischargefrom
metaldegreasing
sitesandother
factories
Dischargefrom
petroleum
factories
dischargefrom
chemicalfactories
Radionuclides
PotentialHealth
13/17
21/4/2016
PotentialHealth
MCLor
EffectsfromLong
MCLG1 1
SourcesofContaminant
TermExposure
Contaminant
TT
2
inDrinkingWater
(mg/L)
AbovetheMCL
(mg/L)2
(unlessspecifiedas
shortterm)
Alpha
particles
15
none7 picocuries Increasedriskof
perLiter cancer
zero
(pCi/L)
Erosionofnatural
depositsofcertain
mineralsthatare
radioactiveandmayemit
aformofradiation
knownasalpharadiation
Decayofnaturaland
manmadedepositsof
Betaparticles none7 4
Increasedriskof
andphoton millirems
cancer
emitters
peryear
zero
Radium226
7
andRadium none
5pCi/L
228
(combined) zero
Uranium
zero
certainmineralsthatare
radioactiveandmayemit
formsofradiationknown
asphotonsandbeta
radiation
Increasedriskof
cancer
Erosionofnatural
deposits
30ug/L Increasedriskof
asof
cancer,kidney
12/08/03 toxicity
Erosionofnatural
deposits
Notes
1Definitions:
MaximumContaminantLevelGoal(MCLG)Thelevelofacontaminant
indrinkingwaterbelowwhichthereisnoknownorexpectedrisktohealth.
MCLGsallowforamarginofsafetyandarenonenforceablepublichealth
goals.
MaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Thehighestlevelofacontaminant
thatisallowedindrinkingwater.MCLsaresetasclosetoMCLGsas
feasibleusingthebestavailabletreatmenttechnologyandtakingcostinto
consideration.MCLsareenforceablestandards.
MaximumResidualDisinfectantLevelGoal(MRDLG)Thelevelofa
drinkingwaterdisinfectantbelowwhichthereisnoknownorexpectedrisk
tohealth.MRDLGsdonotreflectthebenefitsoftheuseofdisinfectantsto
controlmicrobialcontaminants.
14/17
21/4/2016
TreatmentTechnique(TT)Arequiredprocessintendedtoreducethelevel
ofacontaminantindrinkingwater.
MaximumResidualDisinfectantLevel(MRDL)Thehighestlevelofa
disinfectantallowedindrinkingwater.Thereisconvincingevidencethat
additionofadisinfectantisnecessaryforcontrolofmicrobial
contaminants.
2Unitsareinmilligramsperliter(mg/L)unlessotherwisenoted.Milligramsper
literareequivalenttopartspermillion(PPM).
3EPA'ssurfacewatertreatmentrulesrequiresystemsusingsurfacewateror
groundwaterunderthedirectinfluenceofsurfacewaterto
a.Disinfecttheirwater,and
b.Filtertheirwater,or
c.Meetcriteriaforavoidingfiltrationsothatthefollowingcontaminantsare
controlledatthefollowinglevels:
Cryptosporidium:Unfilteredsystemsarerequiredto
includeCryptosporidiumintheirexistingwatershedcontrolprovisions
Giardialamblia:99.9%removal/inactivation.
Viruses:99.99%removal/inactivation.
Legionella:Nolimit,butEPAbelievesthatifGiardiaandvirusesare
removed/inactivated,accordingtothetreatmenttechniquesintheSurface
WaterTreatmentRule,Legionellawillalsobecontrolled.
Turbidity:Forsystemsthatuseconventionalordirectfiltration,atnotime
canturbidity(cloudinessofwater)gohigherthan1Nephelometric
TurbidityUnit(NTU),andsamplesforturbiditymustbelessthanorequal
to0.3NTUsinatleast95percentofthesamplesinanymonth.Systems
thatusefiltrationotherthantheconventionalordirectfiltrationmustfollow
statelimits,whichmustincludeturbidityatnotimeexceeding5NTUs.
HeterotrophicPlateCount(HPC):Nomorethan500bacterialcoloniesper
milliliter.
LongTerm1EnhancedSurfaceWaterTreatment:Surfacewatersystemsor
groundwaterunderthedirectinfluence(GWUDI)systemsservingfewer
than10,000peoplemustcomplywiththeapplicableLongTerm1
EnhancedSurfaceWaterTreatmentRuleprovisions(suchasturbidity
standards,individualfiltermonitoring,Cryptosporidiumremoval
requirements,updatedwatershedcontrolrequirementsforunfiltered
systems).
LongTerm2EnhancedSurfaceWaterTreatmentRule:Thisruleappliesto
allsurfacewatersystemsorgroundwatersystemsunderthedirect
influenceofsurfacewater.Theruletargetsadditional
Cryptosporidiumtreatmentrequirementsforhigherrisksystemsand
15/17
21/4/2016
includesprovisionstoreducerisksfromuncoveredfinishedwaterstorage
facilitiesandtoensurethatthesystemsmaintainmicrobialprotectionas
theytakestepstoreducetheformationofdisinfectionbyproducts.
FilterBackwashRecycling:Thisrulerequiressystemsthatrecycletoreturn
specificrecycleflowsthroughallprocessesofthesystem'sexisting
conventionalordirectfiltrationsystemoratanalternatelocationapproved
bythestate.
4Nomorethan5.0%samplestotalcoliformpositive(TCpositive)inamonth.
(Forwatersystemsthatcollectfewerthan40routinesamplespermonth,nomore
thanonesamplecanbetotalcoliformpositivepermonth.)Everysamplethathas
totalcoliformmustbeanalyzedforeitherfecalcoliformsorE.coliiftwo
consecutiveTCpositivesamples,andoneisalsopositiveforE.colifecal
coliforms,systemhasanacuteMCLviolaton.
5FecalcoliformandE.coliarebacteriawhosepresenceindicatesthatthewater
maybecontaminatedwithhumanoranimalwastes.Diseasecausingmicrobes
(pathogens)inthesewastescancausediarrhea,cramps,nausea,headaches,or
othersymptoms.Thesepathogensmayposeaspecialhealthriskforinfants,
youngchildren,andpeoplewithseverelycompromisedimmunesystems.
6AlthoughthereisnocollectiveMCLGforthiscontaminantgroup,thereare
individualMCLGsforsomeoftheindividualcontaminants:
Trihalomethanes:bromodichloromethane(zero)bromoform(zero)
dibromochloromethane(0.06mg/L):chloroform(0.07mg/L.
Haloaceticacids:dichloroaceticacid(zero)trichloroaceticacid
(0.02mg/L)monochloroaceticacid(0.07mg/L).Bromoaceticacidand
dibromoaceticacidareregulatedwiththisgroupbuthavenoMCLGs.
7Leadandcopperareregulatedbyatreatmenttechniquethatrequiressystemsto
controlthecorrosivenessoftheirwater.Ifmorethan10%oftapwatersamples
exceedtheactionlevel,watersystemsmusttakeadditionalsteps.Forcopper,the
actionlevelis1.3mg/L,andforleadis0.015mg/L.
8Eachwatersystemmustcertify,inwriting,tothestate(usingthirdpartyor
manufacturer'scertification)thatwhenacrylamideandepichlorohydrinareused
totreatwater,thecombination(orproduct)ofdoseandmonomerleveldoesnot
exceedthelevelsspecified,asfollows:
Acrylamide=0.05%dosedat1mg/L(orequivalent)
Epichlorohydrin=0.01%dosedat20mg/L(orequivalent)
LastupdatedonFebruary18,2016
16/17
21/4/2016
17/17

Table of Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants - Your Drinking Water - US EPA

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