1

INTRODUCTION

A mobile phone or mobile (also called cellphone and handphone) is

an electronic device used for mobile telecommunications (mobile telephone,
text messaging or data transmission) over a cellular network of specialized
base stations known as cell sites. Mobile phones differ from cordless
telephones, which only offer telephone service within limited range, e.g.
within a home or an office, through a fixed line and a base station owned by
the subscriber and also from satellite phones and radio telephones. As
opposed

to

radio

telephone, a cell

phone

offers

full

duplex

communication, automates calling to and paging from a public land mobile

network (PLMN), and handoff (handover) during a phone call when the user
moves from one cell (base station coverage area) to another. Most current
cell phones connect to a cellular network consisting of switching points and
base stations (cell sites) owned by a mobile network operator. In addition to
the standard voice function, current mobile phones may support many
additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging,
email, packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, Bluetooth,
infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving
photos and video, MP3 player, radio and GPS.
The International Telecommunication Union estimated that mobile
cellular subscriptions worldwide would reach approximately 4.6 billion by
the end of 2009. Mobile phones have gained increased importance in the
sector of Information and communication technologies for development in
the 2000s and have effectively started to reach the bottom of the economic
pyramid.

Mobile Telephony
Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones
which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Mobile
phones connect to a terrestrial cellular network of base stations (cell sites),
whereas satellite phones connect to orbiting satellites. Both networks are
interconnected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to allow
any phone in the world to be dialled.

Mobile phones send and receive radio signals with any number of cell
site base stations fitted with microwave antennas. These sites are usually
mounted on a tower, pole or building, located throughout populated areas,
then connected to a cabled communication network and switching system.
The phones have a low-power transceiver that transmits voice and data to
the nearest cell sites, normally not more than 8 to 13 km (approximately 5 to
8 miles) away. In areas of low coverage, a cellular repeater may be used,
which uses a long distance high-gain dish antenna or yagi antenna to

communicate with a cell tower far outside of normal range, and a repeater
to rebroadcast on a small short-range local antenna that allows any
cellphone within a few meters to function properly.
When the mobile phone or data device is turned on, it registers with
the mobile telephone exchange, or switch, with its unique identifiers, and
can then be alerted by the mobile switch when there is an incoming
telephone call. The handset constantly listens for the strongest signal being
received from the surrounding base stations, and is able to switch
seamlessly between sites. As the user moves around the network, the
"handoffs" are performed to allow the device to switch sites without
interrupting the call.
Cell sites have relatively low-power (often only one or two watts) radio
transmitters which broadcast their presence and relay communications
between the mobile handsets and the switch. The switch in turn connects
the call to another subscriber of the same wireless service provider or to the
public telephone network, which includes the networks of other wireless
carriers. Many of these sites are camouflaged to blend with existing
environments, particularly in scenic areas.
The dialogue between the handset and the cell site is a stream of
digital data that includes digitised audio (except for the first generation
analog networks). The technology that achieves this depends on the system
which the mobile phone operator has adopted. The technologies are
grouped by generation. The first-generation systems started in 1979 with
Japan, are all analog and include AMPS and NMT. Second-generation
systems, started in 1991 in Finland, are all digital and include GSM, CDMA
and TDMA.

The nature of cellular technology renders many phones vulnerable to

'cloning': anytime a cell phone moves out of coverage (for example, in a
road tunnel), when the signal is re-established, the phone sends out a 'reconnect' signal to the nearest cell-tower, identifying itself and signalling that
it is again ready to transmit. With the proper equipment, it's possible to
intercept the re-connect signal and encode the data it contains into a 'blank'
phonein all respects, the 'blank' is then an exact duplicate of the real
phone and any calls made on the 'clone' will be charged to the original
account. This problem was widespread with the first generation analogue
technology, however the modern digital standards such as GSM greatly
improve security and make cloning hard to achieve.
In an effort to limit the potential harm from having a transmitter close
to the user's body, the first fixed/mobile cellular phones that had a separate
transmitter, vehicle-mounted antenna, and handset (known as car phones
and bag phones) were limited to a maximum 3 watts Effective Radiated
Power. Modern handheld cellphones which must have the transmission
antenna held inches from the user's skull are limited to a maximum
transmission power of 0.6 watts ERP. Regardless of the potential biological
effects, the reduced transmission range of modern handheld phones limits
their usefulness in rural locations as compared to car/bag phones, and
handhelds require that cell towers be spaced much closer together to
compensate for their lack of transmission power.

Cellular network
A cellular network is a radio network made up of a number of cells,
each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver known as a cell site
or base station. When joined together these cells provide radio coverage
over a wide geographic area. This enables a large number of portable
transceivers (mobile phones, pagers, etc) to communicate with each other

and with fixed transceivers and telephones anywhere in the network, via
base stations, even if some of the transceivers are moving through more
than one cell during transmission.
Cellular networks offer a number of advantages over alternative solutions:

increased capacity

reduced power usage

larger coverage area

reduced interference from other signals

An example of a simple non-telephone cellular system is an old taxi

driver's radio system where the taxi company has several transmitters
based around a city that can communicate directly with each taxi.

The concept
In a cellular radio system, a land area to be supplied with radio
service is divided into regular shaped cells, which can be hexagonal,
square, circular or some other irregular shapes, although hexagonal cells
are conventional. Each of these cells is assigned multiple frequencies (f1 f6) which have corresponding radio base stations. The group of frequencies
can be reused in other cells, provided that the same frequencies are not
reused in adjacent neighboring cells as that would cause co-channel
interference.
The increased capacity in a cellular network, compared with a network with
a single transmitter, comes from the fact that the same radio frequency can
be reused in a different area for a completely different transmission. If there
is a single plain transmitter, only one transmission can be used on any
given frequency. Unfortunately, there is inevitably some level of interference

from the signal from the other cells which use the same frequency. This
means that, in a standard FDMA system, there must be at least a one cell
gap between cells which reuse the same frequency.
In the simple case of the taxi company, each radio had a manually
operated channel selector knob to tune to different frequencies. As the
drivers moved around, they would change from channel to channel. The
drivers know which frequency covers approximately what area. When they
do not receive a signal from the transmitter, they will try other channels until
they find one that works. The taxi drivers only speak one at a time, when
invited by the base station operator (in a sense TDMA).

Cell signal encoding

To distinguish signals from several different transmitters, frequency
division multiple access (FDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA)
were developed.
With FDMA, the transmitting and receiving frequencies used in each
cell are different from the frequencies used in each neighbouring cell. In a
simple taxi system, the taxi driver manually tuned to a frequency of a
chosen cell to obtain a strong signal and to avoid interference from signals
from other cells.
The principle of CDMA is more complex, but achieves the same
result; the distributed transceivers can select one cell and listen to it. Other
available methods of multiplexing such as polarization division multiple
access (PDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) cannot be used
to separate signals from one cell to the next since the effects of both vary
with position and this would make signal separation practically impossible.
Time division multiple access, however, is used in combination with either

FDMA or CDMA in a number of systems to give multiple channels within the

coverage area of a single cell.

Cordless telephone
A cordless telephone or portable telephone is a telephone with a
wireless handset that communicates via radio waves with a base station
connected to a fixed telephone line, usually within a limited range of its base
station (which has the handset cradle). The base station is on the
subscriber premises, and attaches to the telephone network the same way
a corded telephone does.
The base station on subscriber premises is what differentiates a
cordless telephone from a mobile telephone. Current cordless telephone
standards, such as PHS and DECT, have blurred the once clear-cut line
between cordless and mobile telephones by implementing cell handover,
various advanced features, such as data-transfer and even, on a limited
scale, international roaming. In these models, base stations are maintained
by a commercial mobile network operator and users subscribe to the
service.

World mobile phone usage

Mobile phone culture or customs
In fewer than twenty years, mobile phones have gone from being rare and
expensive pieces of equipment used by businesses to a pervasive low-cost
personal item. In many countries, mobile phones now outnumber land-line
telephones, with most adults and many children now owning mobile phones. In the
United States, 50% of children own mobile phones. It is not uncommon for young
adults to simply own a mobile phone instead of a land-line for their residence. In
some developing countries, where there is little existing fixed-line infrastructure,

the mobile phone has become widespread. According to the CIA World Factbook
the UK now has more mobile phones than people.
With high levels of mobile telephone penetration, a mobile culture has
evolved, where the phone becomes a key social tool, and people rely on their
mobile phone address book to keep in touch with their friends. Many people keep
in touch using SMS, and a whole culture of "texting" has developed from this. The
commercial market in SMS's is growing. Many phones even offer Instant
Messenger services to increase the simplicity and ease of texting on phones.
Cellular phones in Japan, offering Internet capabilities such as NTT DoCoMo's imode, offer text messaging via standard e-mail.
The mobile phone itself has also become a totemic and fashion object, with
users decorating, customizing, and accessorizing their mobile phones to reflect
their personality. This has emerged as its own industry. The sale of commercial
ring-tones exceeded $2.5 billion in 2004.
Mobile phone etiquette has become an important issue with mobiles ringing
at funerals, weddings, movies, and plays. Users often speak at increased volume
which has led to places like bookshops, libraries, movie theatres, doctor's offices,
and houses of worship posting signs prohibiting the use of mobile phones, and in
some places installing signal jamming equipment to prevent usage (although in
many countries, e.g. the United States, such equipment is illegal). Transportation
providers, particularly those doing long-distance services, often offer a "quiet car"
where phone use is prohibited, much like the designated non-smoking cars in the
past. Mobile phone use on aircraft is also prohibited, because of concerns of
possible interference with aircraft radio communications. Most schools in the U.S
prohibit cell phones due to the high amount of class disruptions due to their use,
and due to the possibility of photographing someone (without consent).
Camera phones and videophones that can capture video and take
photographs are increasingly being used by companies like Scoopt to cover
breaking news. Stories like the London Bombings, the Indian Ocean Tsunami and
Hurricane Katrina have been reported on by camera phone users on photo
sharing sites like Flickr.

In Japan, cellular phone companies provide immediate notification of

earthquakes and other natural disasters to their customers free of charge. In the
event of an emergency, disaster response crews can locate trapped or injured
people using the signals from their mobile phones; an interactive menu accessible
through the phone's Internet browser notifies the company if the user is safe or in
distress.

IPhone Mobile
The iPhone is a line of Internet and multimedia-enabled smartphones
designed and marketed by Apple Inc., and released in 2007. An iPhone functions
as a camera phone (also including text messaging and visual voicemail), a
portable media player (equivalent to a video iPod), and an Internet client (with
e-mail, web browsing, and Wi-Fi connectivity). The user interface is built
around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard rather than
a physical one. Third-party applications are available from the App Store, which
launched in mid-2008 and now has well over 100,000 "apps" approved by Apple.
These apps have diverse functionalities, including games, reference, GPS
navigation, social networking, and advertising for television shows, films,
and celebrities.
Apple announced the iPhone on January 9,
2007, after months of rumors and speculation.
Retroactively labeled, the "original" iPhone was
introduced in the United States on June 29, 2007
before being marketed in Europe. It featured quadband GSM with EDGE. Time magazine named it
the Invention of the Year in 2007. [19] Released July
11, 2008, the iPhone 3G supports faster 3G data
speeds via UMTS with 3.6 Mbps HSDPA, and
assisted GPS.[20] Apple released version 3.0 of the
iPhone OS for the iPhone (and iPod Touch) on
June 17, 2009.[21] The iPhone 3GS has improved

10

performance, a camera with higher resolution and video capability, voice control,
and support for 7.2 Mbps HSDPA downloading (but remains limited to 384 Kbps
uploading as Apple has not implemented the HSPA protocol). It was released in
the U.S., Canada and six European countries on June 19, 2009, in Australia and
Japan on June 26, and internationally in July and August 2009. The original
iPhone was discontinued with the introduction of the iPhone 3G, which remains
available alongside the iPhone 3GS
Development of the iPhone began with Apple CEO Steve Jobs' direction
that Apple engineers investigate touchscreens. Apple created the device during a
secretive and unprecedented collaboration with AT&T MobilityCingular Wireless
at the timeat an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty
months. Apple rejected the "design by committee" approach that had yielded the
Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful collaboration with Motorola. Instead,
Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software inhouse.
Jobs unveiled the iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007 in a keynote
address. Apple was required to file for operating permits with the FCC, but since
such filings are made available to the public, the announcement came months
before the iPhone had received approval. The iPhone went on sale in the United
States on June 29, 2007, at 6:00 pm local time, while hundreds of customers lined
up outside the stores nationwide. The original iPhone was made available in the
UK, France, and Germany in November 2007, and Ireland and Austria in the
spring of 2008.
On July 11, 2008, Apple released the iPhone 3G in twenty-two countries,
including the original six. Apple has since released the iPhone 3G in upwards of
eighty countries and territories. Apple announced the iPhone 3GS on June 8,
2009, along with plans to release it later in June, July, and August, starting with
the U.S., Canada and major European countries on June 19. Many would-be
users have objected to the iPhone's cost, and 40 percent of users have household
incomes over 100,000 USD. In an attempt to gain a wider market, Apple has

11

retained the 8 GB iPhone 3G at a lower price point. This is the latest of several
price reductions since the iPhone's release in 2007; it now sells for one-sixth of
the price of the original 8 GB iPhone when it first became available. In the U.S., it
now costs $99, down from $599, although it requires a two-year contract and a
SIM lock.

Mobile phone features

Invented in 1997, the camera phone is now 85% of the market. Mobile
phones also often have features beyond sending text messages and making voice
callsincluding Internet browsing, music (MP3) playback, personal organizers, email, built-in cameras and camcorders, ringtones, games, radio, Push-to-Talk
(PTT), infrared and Bluetooth connectivity, call registers, ability to watch streaming
video or download video for later viewing, and serving as a wireless modem for a
PC.

Since the 1980s, several companies have entered the cordlessphone market: VTech, Uniden, Philips, Gigaset and Panasonic. They
advertise many new features: a few provided by the phone and most
provided by the network.
Mobile Phones in Varanasi

12

13

Sony Ericsson is a joint venture established on October 1, 2001 by

the Japanese consumer electronics company Sony Corporation and the
Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson to make mobile phones.
The stated reason for this venture is to combine Sony's consumer
electronics expertise with Ericsson's technological leadership in the
communications sector. Both companies have stopped making their own
mobile phones.
The company's global management is based in Hammersmith in
London, UK, and it has research & development teams in Sweden, Japan,
China, Germany, the United States, India and the United Kingdom. By 2009,
it was the fourth-largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world after
Samsung and LG. The sales of products largely increased due to the launch
of the adaptation of Sony's popular Walkman and Cyber-shot series.
In the United States, Ericsson partnered with General Electric in the
early nineties, primarily to establish a US presence and brand recognition.
Ericsson had decided to obtain chips for its phones from a single source-a
Philips facility in New Mexico. In March 2000, a fire at the Philips factory
contaminated the sterile facility. Philips assured Ericsson and Microsoft
(their other major customer) that production would be delayed for no more
than a week. When it became clear that production would actually be

14

compromised for months, Ericsson was faced with a serious shortage.

Microsoft had already begun to obtain parts from alternative sources, but
Ericsson's position was much worse as production of current models and
the launch of new ones was held up.
Ericsson, which had been in the cellular phone market for decades,
and was the world's no. 3 cellular telephone handset maker, was struggling
with huge losses. This was mainly due to this fire and its inability to produce
cheaper phones like Microsoft. To curtail the losses, it considered
outsourcing production to Asian companies that could produce the handsets
for lower costs.

Latest SmartPhones

Sony Ericsson T715 Black...

Rs.19,000 9,683

15

The Samsung Group is a multinational conglomerate corporation

headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It is the world's
largest conglomerate by revenue with an annual revenue of US $173.4
billion in 2008 and is South Korea's largest chaebol. The meaning of the
Korean hanja word Samsung is "tristar" or "three stars".
The Samsung Group is composed of numerous international affiliated
businesses, most of them united under the Samsung brand including
Samsung Electronics, the world's largest electronics company, Samsung
Heavy Industries, the world's second largest shipbuilder and Samsung C&T,
a major global construction company.
Samsung has been the world's most popular consumer electronics
brand since 2005 and is the best known South Korean brand in the world.
Samsung Group accounts for more than 20% of South Korea's total exports
and is the leader in many domestic industries, such as the financial,
chemical, retail and entertainment industries. The company's strong
influence in South Korea is visible throughout the nation, which has been
referred to as the "Republic of Samsung".
Currently helmed by Lee Soo-bin, once the CEO of Samsung Life
Insurance, it has been run by generations of one of the world's wealthiest
families, formerly by chairman Lee Kun-Hee, the third son of the founder,
Lee Byung-Chull.

16

Many major South Korean corporations such as CJ Corporation,

Hansol Group, Shinsegae Group and Joong-Ang Ilbo daily newspaper were
previously part of the Samsung Group. Though they are still controlled by
ex-Chairman Lee Kun-hee's relatives, they are no longer officially Samsung
affiliates. Some leading companies in South Korea, notably MP3 player
manufacturer iriver and search engine portal Naver, were established by exSamsung employees. A large number of South Korean firms, particularly
those in the electronics industry, are dependent on Samsung for the supply
of vital components or raw materials such as semiconductor chips or LCD
panels. This has led to continued allegations of price fixing and monopolistic
practices. Samsung Group also owns the Sungkyunkwan University, a
major private university in South Korea.
Samsung Group accounts for more than 20% of South Korea's total
exports and in many domestic industries, Samsung Group is the sole
monopoly dominating a single market, its revenue as large as some
countries' total GDP. In 2006, Samsung Group would have been the 34th
largest economy in the world if ranked, larger than that of Argentina. The
company has a powerful influence on the country's economic development,
politics, media and culture, being a major driving force behind the Miracle
on the Han River; many businesses today use its international success as a
role model.

Samsung I5700 Galaxy Spica...

Rs.26,249 24,999

17

Motorola,

Inc.

is

an

American,

multinational,

Fortune

100,

telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois. It is a

manufacturer of wireless telephone handsets, and also designs and sells
wireless network infrastructure equipment such as cellular transmission
base stations and signal amplifiers. Motorola's home and broadcast network
products include set-top boxes, digital video recorders, and network
equipment used to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony, and
high-definition television. Its business and government customers consist
mainly of wireless voice and broadband systems used to build private
networks and public safety communications systems like Astro and Dimetra.
Motorola's handset division is now focusing on smartphones using Google's
open-source Android mobile operating system. The first phone to use the
newest version of Google's open source OS, Android 2.0, was released on
November 2, 2009 as the Motorola Droid (the GSM version launched a
month later, in Europe, as the Motorola Milestone).
Motorola started in Chicago, Illinois as Galvin Manufacturing
Corporation (at 847 West Harrison Street) in 1928, with its first product
being a battery eliminator. The name Motorola was adopted in 1930, and
the word has been used as a trademark since the 1930s. Founders Paul
Galvin and Joseph Galvin came up with the name Motorola when the
company started manufacturing car radios in 1930; the name is a
combination of "motor" and the suffix "ola" that was used at the time in
various product names, including "Victrola"

18

Many of Motorola's Products have been radio-related, starting with a

battery eliminator for radios, through the first walkie-talkie in the world in
1940, defense electronics, cellular infrastructure equipment, and mobile
phone manufacturing. In the same year, the company built its research and
development program with Dan Noble, a pioneer in FM radio and
semiconductor technologies joined the company as director of research.
In 1943, Motorola went public and in 1947, the name changed to its
present name. The present logo was introduced in 1955, it was designed by
Zeke Ziner in late 1954. At this time, Motorola's main business was
producing and selling televisions and radios. In 1952, Motorola opened its
first international subsidiary in Toronto, Canada to produce radios and
televisions. In 1953, Motorola established the Motorola Foundation to
support leading universities in the United States.

19

The LG Corp is South Korea's third largest conglomerate that

produces electronics, chemicals, and telecommunications products and
operates subsidiaries like LG Electronics, LG Display, LG Telecom and LG
Chem in over 80 countries.
LG Corp founder Koo In-Hwoi established Lak-Hui Chemical
Industrial Corp. in 1947.[3] In 1952, Lak-Hui (pronounced "Lucky", currently
LG Chem) became the first Korean company to enter the plastics industry.
As the company expanded its plastics business, it established GoldStar
Co., Ltd., (currently LG Electronics Inc.) in 1958.
In 1959, Goldstar produced South Korea's first radio. Many consumer
electronics were sold under the brand name GoldStar, while some other
household products (not available outside South Korea) were sold under
the brand name of Lucky. The Lucky brand was famous for its line of
hygiene products such as soaps and Hi-Ti laundry detergents, but most
associated with its Lucky and Perioe toothpaste.

KM900 Arena

KG195

KP500

KG271

KU990 iewty

KG276

KE970 Shine

20

Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. most commonly known as

Philips, is a multinational Dutch electronics corporation. Philips is one of
the largest electronics companies in the world. In 2009, its sales were
23.18 billion. The company employs 123,800 people in more than 60
countries.
The company was founded in 1891 by Gerard Philips, a maternal
cousin of Karl Marx, in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Its first products were
light bulbs and other electro-technical equipment. Its first factory survives as
a museum devoted to light sculpture. In the 1920s, the company started to
manufacture other products, such as vacuum tubes (also known worldwide
as 'valves'), In 1927 they acquired the British electronic valve manufacturers
Mullard and in 1932 the German tube manufacturer Valvo, both of which
became subsidiaries. In 1939 they introduced their electric razor, the
Philishave (marketed in the USA using the Norelco brand name).

21

Videocon is an industrial conglomerate with interests all over the

world and based in India. The group has 17 manufacturing sites in India and
plants in China, Poland, Italy and Mexico. It is also the third largest picture
tube manufacturer in the world.
Mobile Phones
In November 2009 Videocon launched its new line of mobile phones

V1403

V1604

V1405

V1750

V1502

V2950

22

Mobile Phone Prices in Varanasi 2009

GSM Handset Prices
( in descending order )
S.No.
Model
1
VERTU - Signature
2
VERTU - Constellation
3
VERTU - Ascent
4
MICROSOFT - N96 NBR
5
MICROSOFT - N96
6
MICROSOFT - E90 NAV
7
HTC - Touch HD2
8
HTC - Touch HD T8282
9
APPLE - iPhone 3G 16GB
10
ACER - NeoTouch S200
11
HTC - Hero
12
SONYERICSSON - Xperia X2
13
HTC - Touch Diamond 2
14
ACER - neoTouch
15
MICROSOFT - N97
16
APPLE - iPhone 3G 8GB
17
SONYERICSSON - Satio
18
MICROSOFT - N95 -2
19
HTC - Magic
20
MICROSOFT - N85
21
LG - Crystal BL 40
22
LG - Crystal GD 900
23
SONYERICSSON - Aino
24
HTC - Touch 2 T3333
25
LG - Viewty Smart GC 900
26
MICROSOFT - N97 mini
27
SONYERICSSON - Xperia X1
28
MICROSOFT - N95
29
MICROSOFT - N86
30
GARMIN ASUS M20
31
LG - Eigen GM 730
32
ACER - X960
33
ASUS - P835
34
HTC - Touch Diamond P3490
35
LG - KM 900 Arena
36
SONYERICSSON - W995
37
MICROSOFT - E71 Premium
38
MICROSOFT - E72
39
MICROSOFT - E71 HS
40
GARMIN ASUS G60
41
ACER - DX650
42
MICROSOFT - 6210 combo
43
ACER - beTouch E200

Price
Rs.5,54,000
Rs.2,62,000
Rs.2,22,000
Rs.41,000
Rs.38,250
Rs.38,200
Rs.36,990
Rs.35,990
Rs.34,500
Rs.32,500
Rs.31,990
Rs.30,000
Rs.29,990
Rs.29,900
Rs.29,800
Rs.29,600
Rs.28,500
Rs.26,200
Rs.25,990
Rs.25,900
Rs.25,000
Rs.24,000
Rs.23,000
Rs.22,500
Rs.22,500
Rs.22,500
Rs.22,500
Rs.21,800
Rs.21,500
Rs.20,900
Rs.20,490
Rs.20,000
Rs.20,000
Rs.19,990
Rs.19,500
Rs.19,500
Rs.19,300
Rs.19,000
Rs.19,000
Rs.18,900
Rs.18,500
Rs.18,200
Rs.17,900

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MICROSOFT - E75
HTC - Tattoo
HTC - Touch 3G
MICROSOFT - 6210s
MICROSOFT - E71
SPICE - D1111
LG - KC 550
MICROSOFT - 6110
ASUS - P565
SPICE - D1100
HTC - Touch P3452
MICROSOFT - 5800
SONYERICSSON - C903
LG - KS 660
MICROSOFT - 5800 Express music
MICROSOFT - N79
MICROSOFT - 5530
MICROSOFT - N73 music
LG - GT 505
MICROSOFT - 5610d 1GB
MICROSOFT - 6700 Classic
ASUS - P 552w
MICROSOFT - 5320 HS
SONYERICSSON - Yari
SONYERICSSON - W705
ACER - beTouch E101
MICROSOFT - 6208
MICROSOFT - 5320
LG - GW 525
HTC - Touch Viva
MICROSOFT - 3600s HS
LG - BL20
ASUS - P527
MICROSOFT - 3600s
SONYERICSSON - W910i
SONYERICSSON - W595i
MICROSOFT - 5310 1GB
MICROSOFT - E63
SONYERICSSON - T715
LG - KM 501
MICROSOFT - 7610 Supernova
MICROSOFT - 3120c BT
SONYERICSSON - C510
ASUS - P320
MICROSOFT - 6300 BT
MICROSOFT - 5230
MICROSOFT - 3120c
SPICE - S930
LG - KF350
MICROSOFT - 3610a

Rs.17,900
Rs.17,500
Rs.16,990
Rs.16,400
Rs.16,000
Rs.16,000
Rs.15,900
Rs.15,200
Rs.15,160
Rs.14,999
Rs.14,990
Rs.14,500
Rs.14,500
Rs.14,300
Rs.13,400
Rs.13,200
Rs.13,200
Rs.13,100
Rs.13,000
Rs.12,900
Rs.12,600
Rs.12,350
Rs.12,200
Rs.12,000
Rs.12,000
Rs.11,900
Rs.11,500
Rs.11,500
Rs.11,300
Rs.11,200
Rs.11,200
Rs.11,000
Rs.10,500
Rs.10,500
Rs.10,000
Rs.9,850
Rs.9,700
Rs.9,500
Rs.9,250
Rs.9,200
Rs.9,200
Rs.8,900
Rs.8,900
Rs.8,500
Rs.8,500
Rs.8,200
Rs.8,200
Rs.7,999
Rs.7,800
Rs.7,800

24

94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143

MICROSOFT - 6300
MICROSOFT - 5233
MICROSOFT - 7310c
SPICE - D88 Gold
SPICE - D6666
MICROSOFT - 5310 XpressMusic
MICROSOFT - 5220
LG - KP 500 Cookie
LG - KM 380T
MICROSOFT - 3500c BT
LG - GW 300
MICROSOFT - 5130 MD9
LG - KM 335
MICROSOFT - 6303 Classic
SONYERICSSON - naite
MICROSOFT - 3500c
SONYERICSSON - F305
SONYERICSSON - W395
USHA LEXUS - 897 B
LG - GB 230
MICROSOFT - 5130
MICROSOFT - 6085
SPICE - D90
SONYERICSSON - S312
USHA LEXUS - 888 B
SPICE - M 940n
LG - GM 200
MICROSOFT - 7210
LG - KP 265
MICROSOFT - 2730
MICROSOFT - 2680s
SONYERICSSON - W205
MICROSOFT - 3110c
MICROSOFT - 2700 classic
LG - GB 210
LG - KP 199
LG - GB 270
USHA LEXUS - 868 B
MICROSOFT - 2630
MICROSOFT - 2760
USHA LEXUS - 878 D
MICROSOFT - 2600c-2
USHA LEXUS - 845 B
SPICE - S 5420
LG - GS 190
USHA LEXUS - 877 B
SPICE - M 5252
MICROSOFT - 2220
SPICE - C 5300
SPICE - M 5151

Rs.7,800
Rs.7,500
Rs.7,500
Rs.7,499
Rs.7,399
Rs.7,300
Rs.7,300
Rs.7,200
Rs.7,200
Rs.7,000
Rs.6,700
Rs.6,699
Rs.6,500
Rs.6,500
Rs.6,400
Rs.6,200
Rs.6,150
Rs.6,000
Rs.5,990
Rs.5,400
Rs.5,300
Rs.5,300
Rs.5,299
Rs.5,200
Rs.5,100
Rs.4,999
Rs.4,800
Rs.4,800
Rs.4,600
Rs.4,600
Rs.4,600
Rs.4,200
Rs.4,000
Rs.4,000
Rs.3,950
Rs.3,880
Rs.3,800
Rs.3,799
Rs.3,600
Rs.3,600
Rs.3,590
Rs.3,500
Rs.3,475
Rs.3,449
Rs.3,200
Rs.3,140
Rs.3,049
Rs.3,000
Rs.2,999
Rs.2,799

25

144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175

LG - GB 110
MICROSOFT - 2330 classic
SPICE - S 5010
LG - GB 130
USHA LEXUS - 802 B
LG - GB 175
USHA LEXUS - 2020 B
LG - KP 115
SPICE - S590
LG - GB 125
MICROSOFT - 2323
SPICE - M 4330
LG - GB 170
SPICE - M 4580
USHA LEXUS - 799 B
USHA LEXUS - 788 B
SPICE - S 5110
MICROSOFT - 2626
MICROSOFT - 1650
SPICE - S580
USHA LEXUS - 797 B
USHA LEXUS - 798 B
MICROSOFT - 5030
LG - GB 106
MICROSOFT - 1662
MICROSOFT - 1661
LG - GB 105
MICROSOFT - 1208
MICROSOFT - 1209
LG - GB 100
MICROSOFT - 1202c
MICROSOFT - 1203

Rs.2,750
Rs.2,700
Rs.2,699
Rs.2,600
Rs.2,490
Rs.2,450
Rs.2,399
Rs.2,350
Rs.2,349
Rs.2,250
Rs.2,250
Rs.2,249
Rs.2,200
Rs.2,149
Rs.2,149
Rs.2,050
Rs.2,049
Rs.2,000
Rs.2,000
Rs.1,999
Rs.1,999
Rs.1,925
Rs.1,800
Rs.1,680
Rs.1,600
Rs.1,600
Rs.1,585
Rs.1,500
Rs.1,400
Rs.1,330
Rs.1,200
Rs.1,200

26

Benefits of Using Mobile Phones

Mobile phones nowadays are not luxury items anymore but

necessities. Because of the various benefits and advantages the mobile
phones offer, they became a very important part of society.
How important is the mobile phones in human life nowadays?
Billions of people in the world today realize how essential mobile
phones are their lives. Mobile phones have become a part of everyday life
for many individuals and some could not even manage to last an hour
without them. This is also the fashion trend nowadays. If you do not own a
cellular phone, you are not in. They turned out to be the personal dairies of
a lot of people. Mobile phones have even become the timepieces as people
are more likely to check the time in their handsets. This device calculates,
wakes people up, and reminds them of all occasions and appointments.
Many of mobile phone models feature FM receivers and the user can
just turn on the music to be calmed while traveling or driving. (Just don't
make a call while driving!) And if you like videos and games, mobiles have
them, too. They also feature cameras, making it easier to capture crucial
moments. This technology enables mobile phone users to access the
Internet.
In choosing the right mobile phone for you, needless to say you want
something that can give you the best features, with easy and convenient
attributes. The fantastic benefits of mobile phones are in store, yet they also
have certain challenges. For instance, travelers aren't so sure whether
handsets will work when they are traveling from one place to another.
However majority of mobile phones companies offer international roaming
technology wherein one can get in touch with anyone from anywhere in the
world. With roaming features, sending text messages and calls can be

27

inexpensive and less stressful. The price per call is cheaper than when
using landline phones for long distance calls.
One of the most remarkable values of mobile phones is during
emergencies, may it big or small. We never know when we or our loved
ones may need to make an emergency phone call. In situations when
finding public phone is difficult, mobiles are the answer to your need. These
devices are also very functional for businesspeople and trading companies
because they can easily get in touch with their clients.
Both SMS and calls are exploited by business people to market and
promote their products. Through mobiles, one can do finances updates and
banking these days. They help find out the latest news through text
messages sent by means of subscribing to certain services. There are
mobile phones that provide you the information such as names, number,
and even the exact map of who is calling you.
Mobiles are of use to the elderly and handicapped, as well. Like for
example, the visually impaired have their "talking mobile phones" wherein
they can read the text messages. These special talking mobile phones are
feature phones installed with software to make it "talk". Since the unit talks,
the visually impaired can read his messages without having a sighted
person read it for him.
Mobile phones also provide the user the confidence to get out and go
places because they know they can avail assistance if needed. The cost of
the mobile phones is similar to other models of communication. If you can
have a family plan, your expense for monthly cell phone service can be
much cheaper than the cost for using landline service. You can have the
chance to call anytime, anywhere.

28

29

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

To find out the customer satisfaction level of users of different mobile

users.
To find out the perception of the general people towards the mobile
phone.
Which companys mobile is most preferred by people?
What percentage of peoples is using the same mobile phone for more
than a year?
To know the reason of using common mobile phone.
To know the reason for using I-Pod phone.
To know about the types of Mobile phone most used in Varanasi.

30

31

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
TYPE OF RESEARCH: Descriptive Research includes surveys & factfinding enquires of different kinds. The major purpose of Descriptive
research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. In
Business research we quite often use the term Ex post facto research for
descriptive research studies.

TYPE OF DATA COLLECTED: Primary Data & Secondary Data. Primary

Data are original & first hand information. Secondary Data are second hand
information & are collected through different sources.
Primary: Primary Data collected method is questionnaire. A
questionnaire is a form of containing a series of questions and
providing space for their replies to be filled in by the respondent
himself/herself. Questionnaire is filled in by a respondent without any
direct oral explanation or interpretation from the investigator.
Secondary: Textbooks & websites.

UNIVERSE OF STUDY : Universe means the inclusion of all the items in

the field of statistical enquiry. Here, the universe is the entire population of
Varanasi & the study was organized within this region only.

SAMPLE UNIT : Topic is related to social problem, therefore the age

limitation is required so that the response is considered.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES: Convenient Technique is one in which

researchers select those units of the population in the sample which appear
convenient to him or to the management of the organization where he is
conducting research

SAMPLE SIZE: When only a few part of whole group of population is

studied that is termed as sample size of whole population. Here the sample
size is 50.

32

STATISTICAL TOOLS: Different statistical tools are applied here. Some of

them are:
TABULAR PRESENTATION: It is a systematic presentation of
numerical data in columns & rows in accordance with some important
feature or characteristics.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION: it is visual form of statistical data in
diagrams & graphs. Different types of Diagrams are used such as:
Pie-Diagram etc. Graphs have also been used like Line Graph.
RESEARCH DESIGN:

As the result we require in analytical form. The

survey was conducted using questionnaire method. By using this method

we found the present situation & the analysis & findings are described in the
further.

33

34

1. WHICH COMPANYS MOBILE ARE YOU USING?-

OPTION
MICROSOFT
LG
SAMSUNG
SONY ERICSSON
MOTOROLA
OTHER

RESPONDENT
28
6
5
3
2
6

PERCENTAGE
56%
12%
10%
06%
04%
12%

35

2. WHICH TYPE OF MOBILE YOU ARE USING?

OPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

CDMA

05

10%

GSM

45

90%

36

3. WHICH SIM YOU ARE USING?

OPTION
BSNL
RELIANCE
VODAFONE
AIRTEL
IDEA
OTHERS

RESPONDENT
18
8
5
6
8
5

PERCENTAGE
36%
16%
10%
12%
16%
10%

37

4. WHICH TYPE OF NETWORK RECEPTION ?

OPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

GOOD

35

70%

VERY GOOD

10

20%

POOR

10%

38

5. BATTERY BACKUP
OPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

GOOD

28

56%

VERY GOOD

15

30%

POOR

07

14%

39

6. FEATURES OF MOBILE ?
OPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

SIMPLE

22

44%

MULTIMEDIA

24

48%

BUSINESS MOBILE

08%

40

7. HANDSET PRICEOPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

< 3000

19

38%

3000- 8000

24

48%

> 8000

14%

41

8. LOOKS
OPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

GOOD

22

44%

VERY GOOD

20

40%

POOR

08

16%

42

9. SERVICE SUPPORT AVAILABLEOPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

YES

24

48%

NO

26

52%

43

10.

RE-SALE VALUE

OPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

< 50%

26

52%

50 - 60%

19

38%

> 60%

10%

44

11.

FRIENDLY USER
OPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

SIMPLE

23

46%

QUIT GOOD

19

38%

COMPLEX

16%

45

12.

SPEAKER QUALITY ?

OPTION

RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

GOOD

24

48%

VERY GOOD

22

44%

POOR

8%

46

47

CONCLUSION

From this table and my analysis I conclude that

MICROSOFT is the Most admirable mobile company in
India.

Most

of

the

students

and

working

people

prefer

MICROSOFT brand.

Samsung users are least satisfied with their mobile

phones.

According to survey 48% respondent are satisfied with the

network connection and 62% respondent are not satisfied
with the network connection of mobiles.

Most of people like medium price mobile handset.

44% respondent favour of simple mobile, 48% respondent

are favour of multimedia and 08% respondent are favour
of business mobile.

Most of respondent like MICROSOFT mobile because its

re-sale value is high.

48

49

LIMITATIONS

The scope of the research report is very wide but the information
available on the internet sites and magazines and others are very
limited.
o The other limitation of my survey is that I have used the primary
source of the data which are not always very accurate as the
respondents dont fill it correctly.
o Due to the wide scope of the topic I have done the analysis only on
one segment i.e. banking sector.
o People are not interested in filling the questionnaire.
o Due to lack of time, I have to minimize the sample size to 50 only.

50

51

COMPARITIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS MOBILE COMPANY S

NAME ..

Date //2016

MOBILE NO

Place.

Q.1- WHICH COMPANYS MOBILE ARE YOU USING?

SONY
MICROSOFT

LG

SAMSUNG

ERICSSON

MOTOROLA

OTHERS

Q.2-WHICH TYPE OF MOBILE YOU ARE USING?

CDMA

GSM

Q.3-WHICH SIM YOU ARE USING?

BSNL

RELIANCE

VODAFONE

AIRTEL

IDEA

OTHERS

Q.4- NETWORK RECEPTION

VERY
GOOD

GOOD

POOR

Q.5- BATTERY BACK UP

VERY
GOOD

GOOD

POOR

Q.6- FEATURES
BLACK &
WHITE

BUSINESS
COLOR

MULTIMEDIA

MOBILE

52

Q.7- PRICE (IN RELATION WITH FEATURES) IN RUPEES

<2000

2000-5000

5000-8000

>8000

Q.8- LOOKS
GOOD

VERY GOOD EXCELLENT

Q.9- SERVICE SUPPORT AVAILABLEYES

NO

Q.10- RESALE VALUE<40%

40-60%

>60%

Q.11- HOW IS IT IN OPERATINGSIMPLE

EXCELLENT

COMPLEX

Q. 12- QUALITY OF SPEAKERGOOD

VERY GOOD

POOR

53

54

BIBLOGRAPHY
Books:
C. R. Kothari Research methodology, vishwa publication,
New Delhi.
Saxena Rajan marketing management Tata Mcgraw-hill
publicating Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
H. V. Verma marketing of services Global business press,
New Delhi.

Websites :
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
http://www.w3.org/Mobile/About
www.MICROSOFT.co.in

55