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A huge array of personalized healthcare and wellness systems are introduced for digital health and
Quantified Self movement in recent years. These systems share common features which include
tasks such as self-tracking, self-quantifications, and self-monitoring based on the raw sensory data.
These features assist users to be more aware of their health. However, such systems cannot be
considered sufficient enough for changing the unhealthy habits of users. To induce healthy habits in
users, system needs to provide situation aware personalized recommendations. One big challenge
in this regard is the careful interpretations of user context, environmental variables, and user
preferences. We propose an innovative method for cross-context multi-level interpretations to
generate personalized health and wellness recommendations. With such interpretations, the selfquantification systems can be advanced to generate personalized recommendations in addition to
tracking, quantifying, and monitoring. By achieving this, we can increase the ownership of the
application by the user, thus increase the chances of healthy habits promotion and induction.
1. Introduction
information without taking into account users current
A huge array of systems for personalized healthcare and
context, preferences, and environmental variables. To get
wellness management has rapidly grown during the recent
personalized recommendation services, a granular level of
years due to the rapid increase in wearable and mobile
users preference information is also required along with
technologies [1]. These systems and applications have
contextual information and environmental variables. In this
augmented the portfolio of digital health and
paper, we proposed an innovative method to interpret the
quantification-self movement. With advances in Selfuser situation on three parameters: user context (low level
Quantification, systems capturing and recording data of
and high level), physical context (weather), and user
human health and fitness are now feasible. With the
preferences.
availability of this data, the systems provide better
understanding of users health status and their
2. Method
relationship to the world around them [2]. SelfAs shown in Fig. 1, the high level architecture of the
quantification systems and applications are of high
proposed method depicts the overall functional workflow.
importance to educate users to be more aware of their
At first level, the data is collected from wearable sensors
health status, but alone this cannot be considered
and smart phone. The data is curated and persisted with a
sufficient to change unhealthy habits in users. Changing
logical division of user profile data, contextual data, and
unhealthy habits of users, demands to provide actionable
environmental data. The user profile data includes user
recommendations. Existing systems such as Fitbit Flex [3],
demographics (gender, age) and physiological factors
Jawbone Up [4], and Misfit Shine [5] are some examples
(height and weight). Contextual data is categorized into
of providing some basic recommendations based on the
two type of contexts: low level and high level contexts. Low
measured steps and slept hours. Samsung S Health [6]
level context includes location, emotion, and physical
and Google Fit [7] are working as personal fitness coach
activities. High level context includes the context
and health-tracking platform respectively on the basis of
determined from the low level context, such as officecapturing user steps counting.
works, commuting, eating, and others. Environmental
Previously, we proposed an innovative digital health
variables include weather context as rainy, sunny, etc.
framework called Mining Mind [1, 8] for personalized
Knowledge Builder component reasons over user profile
healthcare and wellness support. It provides personalized
data and physical activity data along with rules of
recommendations on the basis of expert knowledge and
knowledge base to initial level of recommendations. For an
domain guidelines. The main limitation with existing
instance, let the system generate recommendation as; an
recommendation is that they are based on user profile
hour exercise is required to burn x amount of calories.
Loc/Rec
Gym
Home
Office
---
Hiking
0
0
0
--
Jogging
1
1
0
--
Sitting
1
1
1
--
Stretching
1
1
1
--
------
Context
/Rec
Loc= Home
HLC=
Inactivity
Weather=
Rainy
--Aggregate
Vector
Hikin
g
0
1
Jogging
Sitting
Stretching
1
1
1
0
1
1
-0
-1
-0
-1
http://www.misfitwearables.com/products/shine,
accessed: 2015-10-26. (2015).
[6]."S Health, " http://shealth.samsung.com/, accessed:
2015-11-01. (2015).
[7]."Google Fit, " https://fit.google.com/, accessed: 201511-02. (2015).
[8]. Banos O, Amin MB, Khan WA, Afzel M, Ahmad M, Ali M,
Ali T, Ali R, Bilal M, Han M. An Innovative Platform for
Person-Centric Health and Wellness Support. In:
Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering: Springer;p.
131-140, (2015).