Session 12 CJM

BS5400 Part 3 course TE Epsom
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BS5400 Part 3 Training

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Report Title:
Session 12 Design of Welds Around Stiffeners
Revision: 1
Status:
Final
9/9/04
Draft
Chris Murphy
Chris Hendy
Chris Hendy
Rev
Date
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Chris Murphy 10/6/04

SESSION 12 DESIGN OF WELDS AROUND STIFFENERS

Introduction
The arrangement of steel plates which are joined together to form plate girders are
connected by welds and bolted splices. For the design of bolted splices refer to the
notes on session 9. This section deals with the design of welds.
Welds are grouped into two types butt welds and fillet welds as illustrated on Figure
1 below.
Figure 1 Fillet and Butt Welds

Butt Welds
In butt welding, two plates are joined together by filling the void between them with
weld metal. Full penetration butt welds are generally used by fabricators to join up
lengths of plate to form a continuous section (e.g. the bottom flange of a 30m long
plate girder made up from 6 pieces of 5m long plate all butt welded together.) The
welds may be either classed as :i) Pre-assembly
The lengths of plate are butt welded before the plates are joined together to
form the I section of a plate girder.

ii) Post-assembly
Separate lengths of pre-assembled plate girder are joined together with butt
welds.
The choice of pre-assembly or post-assembly butt welds will generally be made by
the fabricator. Designers still need to be aware of the difference as the post-assembly
butt welds have a lower fatigue classification and brittle fracture classification. If the
fabricator requires to use post assembly butt welds then this can require a higher steel
grade (S355K2G3 or S355NL) due to the lower fatigue and brittle fracture
classification.
Care must be taken if partial penetration butt welds are to be specified. The designer
must ensure that bending across the throat does not occur. This can normally be
designed out by arranging the welds in a symmetrical layout. It is recommended that
advice is always sought from the design supervisor if partial penetration butt welds
are to be used.
Fillet Welds
As illustrated in Figure 1, fillet welds are formed by placing strips of weld metal at
the intersection between two plates. The design of fillet welds is dependent on the
stresses on the throat g which is marked on Figure 2. An important distinction must
be made between the leg length and the throat length. This is also illustrated on
Figure 2.
PT
PT
||
||
g (throat width)
Weld throat
PL
Leg length
Figure 2 Fillet Welds
Design of Fillet Welds
The design of fillet welds in BS 5400 Part3 is based on the IIW Commission XV
Equation

3 ||
2 0.5
where:
||
=
=
=
=
normal stress perpendicular to the weld throat

shear stress (in the plane of the throat) perpendicular to the axis of the weld
shear stress (in the plane of the throat) parallel to the axis of the weld
Yield Stress of weld metal
This was the general form of the weld design equation specified in BS 5400 Part
3:1982. However, to efficiently design a weld using this equation requires an iteration
to obtain the optimum weld size. This equation can be converted into the form now
used in BS 5400 Part 3:2000 Clause 14.6.3.11.3 as follows :From figure 2, PL is the longitudinal force on the weld per unit length, PT is the
resultant transverse force on the weld per unit length and is the angle between PT
and the throat of the weld. In terms of these stress resultants, the stresses on the throat
are:
PT sin
g
P cos
T
g
P
|| L
g
Substituting the above expressions into the IIW Commission XV equation gives:
0 .5
PT2 sin 2 3PT2 cos 2 3PL2

w
2
2
g
g
g
Mf 3
which can be rewritten in the form of BS 5400 Part 3 Clause 14.6.3.11.3 as follows:
0.5
w
3
1 PT2
2
=
2 PL = 3 where K
1 2 cos 2 1.4
g K
M f3
Use of the equation is best illustrated by the worked example overleaf :-

Worked Example 1 - Design of bearing stiffener welds

Stiffener to
flange weld
160
Web to bottom
flange weld
260
Z
389
25
Y
Figure 3 Bearing stiffener for worked example

The effective section of the bearing area of a bearing stiffener (including cut outs for
the web-flange weld) is shown in Figure 3 The stiffeners are fitted to the flange for a
full bearing contact in accordance with BS 5400 Part 3:2000 Clause 14.6.5 but the
flange is not fitted to the web. (Never specify a web fitted to a bottom flange as this
will not make life easy for the fabricator)
The bearing stiffener has the following section properties:
Area = 37040 mm2
Izz = 5.83 108 mm4
Iyy = 1.33 109 mm4
The forces in the main beam are as follows:
Maximum ULS shear force, NEd = 1000kN (steel only), 700kN (long term), 1300kN
(short term)
Maximum ULS reaction
VEd = 5000kN
Maximum longitudinal eccentricity = 50mm
Maximum transverse eccentricity = 20mm
The elastic shear flow parameter for the bottom flange to web is Ay/I =
0.398 10 3 mm 1 (steel only) 0.317 10 3 mm 1 (long term) 0.298 10 3 mm 1
(short term)
Design the welds for the web to flange connection.
Web to bottom flange weld
Step 1 Calculate the PL term
PL
1000 103 0.398 10 3 700 103 0.317 10 3 1300 103 0.298 10 3
= 1007.3 N/mm

As this is transmitted by 2 welds, it needs to be divided by 2 to calculate the P L term

per weld :PL (per weld) = 1007.3 / 2 = 503.7 N/mm.
Step 2 Calculate the PT term
Transverse stress in web =
=
=
=
N Ed M y ,Ed M z ,Ed
A
Wy
Wz
5000 103 5000 103 389 50
0
37040
1.33 109
135.0
+
73.1
+
2
208.1 N/mm
Thickness of web = 20mm, so PT per weld =

Step 3 Calculate the w of the weld :-
0
208.1 20
= 2081N/mm
2
3/14.6.3.11.1 w 1 / 2 y 455 where y is the smaller yield stress value of the

two parts joined as appropriate. For S355J2G3 (BS EN 10025) steel, y will be 345
N/mm2 for flanges of thickness less than 40mm and greater than 16mm which
applies in this case.
Therefore, w 1 / 2(345 455) 400 N/mm2
Step 4 Calculate the required throat (g) of the welds
1 PT2
2
2 PL
g K
3\14.6.3.11.3
0.5
w
3 M f 3
1 20812
503.7 2
2
g 1.225
0.5
400
3 1.2 1.1
g = 10.1 mm
Step 5 Calculate the required leg length of the welds
For a throat of 2mm, the leg length will be the throat 2
Therefore, required leg length of weld = 10.1 2 14.4 mm
Worked example :
For the example above, calculate the required weld size of the flange to web weld if :The ULS bearing load is reduced to 3200kN

The ULS short term shear force is reduced to 500kN

The maximum longitudinal eccentricity of the bearing is increased to 77mm

Session 12 CJM

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BS5400 Part 3 course TE Epsom

File ref : /var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/317235292.doc

BS5400 Part 3 Training

Session 12 Design of Welds Around Stiffeners

Chris Murphy 10/6/04

BS5400 Part 3 course TE Epsom

SESSION 12 DESIGN OF WELDS AROUND STIFFENERS

Figure 1 Fillet and Butt Welds

Chris Murphy 10/6/04

BS5400 Part 3 course TE Epsom

Chris Murphy 10/6/04

BS5400 Part 3 course TE Epsom

normal stress perpendicular to the weld throat

PT2 sin 2 3PT2 cos 2 3PL2

Use of the equation is best illustrated by the worked example overleaf :-

Chris Murphy 10/6/04

BS5400 Part 3 course TE Epsom

Worked Example 1 - Design of bearing stiffener welds

Figure 3 Bearing stiffener for worked example

1000 103 0.398 10 3 700 103 0.317 10 3 1300 103 0.298 10 3

Chris Murphy 10/6/04

BS5400 Part 3 course TE Epsom

As this is transmitted by 2 welds, it needs to be divided by 2 to calculate the P L term

5000 103 5000 103 389 50

Thickness of web = 20mm, so PT per weld =

3/14.6.3.11.1 w 1 / 2 y 455 where y is the smaller yield stress value of the

BS5400 Part 3 course TE Epsom

The ULS short term shear force is reduced to 500kN

Chris Murphy 10/6/04

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