ADVANCED FIRE ALARMING SYSTEM

THROUGH MOBILE PHONE

A
PROJECT BY
SOUNAK SARKAR
SAYAN DAS
ARINDAM BOSE
ECE, 4TH YEAR
OF
FUTURE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to thank Prof. Somnath Maiti, former Head of the Dept. of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his valuable suggestions
and advices throughout the project that helped us a lot to sort out all the
problems.
We would like to thank Prof. Debashis Chakraborty, Head of the
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering.
We are grateful to other honorable faculty of our college to prop up
confidence level and motivating me throughout the process, that help us
to move ahead towards the completion of the project.
We also acknowledge Birla Industrial and Technological Museum
with thanks for selecting our model for demonstration in Science and
Engineering Fair, 2012.
SOUNAK SARKAR
SAYAN DAS
ARINDAM BOSE

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ABSTRACT
Cultural property management is entrusted with the responsibility of
protecting and preserving an institution's buildings, collections, operations
and occupants. Constant attention is required to minimize adverse impact
due to climate, pollution, theft, vandalism, insects, mold and fire. Because
of the speed and totality of the destructive forces of fire, it constitutes one
of the more serious threats. Vandalized or environmentally damaged
structures can be repaired and stolen objects recovered. Items destroyed
by fire, however, are gone forever. An uncontrolled fire can obliterate an
entire room's contents within a few minutes and completely burn out a
building in a couple hours.
The first step toward halting a fire is to properly identify the incident,
raise the occupant alarm, and then notify emergency response
professionals. This is often the function of the fire detection and alarm
system. Several system types and options are available, depending on the
specific characteristics of the protected space.
The following project presents an overview of fire detection and
automatic fire alert to the emergency response professionals.

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Table of Contents
Chapters

Page no.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. AVAILABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
1.2. AUTOMATION IN FIRE ALERT IN OUR SYSTEM

4
4
5

2. PROJECT DESIGN METHODOLOGY

2.1. ALGORITHM
2.2. BLOCK DIAGRAM
2.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
2.4. GENERATION OF PCM SOUND

6
6
7
8
9

3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
3.1. ATMEGA16 MICROCONTROLLER IC
3.2. 74LS373 OCTAL D-TYPE TRI-STATE TRANSPARENT LATCH
3.3. LM35 PRECISION CENTIGRADE TEMPERATURE SENSORS

10
10
11
12

4. ADVANTAGES

13

5. PRICE LIST

14

6. CONCLUSION

15

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

15

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1. INTRODUCTION
An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted
presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with
combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either
automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic fire alarm
systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the
event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises
location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the
structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire.
A key aspect of fire protection is to identify a developing fire
emergency in a timely manner, and to alert the building's occupants and
fire emergency organizations. This is the role of fire detection and alarm
systems. Depending on the anticipated fire scenario, building and use type,
number and type of occupants and criticality of contents and mission,
these systems can provide several main functions.

1.1. AVAILABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

There are some fire alarms available in the market. They often are used in various areas. Some
of them are:
1. Manual Call Point
2. Single Action Pull Station
3. Activated Call Point
4. Honeywell Speaker
5. Fire Alarm With a Strobe Light
6. Street Fire Alarm

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They are as shown in pictures below,

Fig. 1: Manual Call Point

Fig. 2: Single Action Pull Station

Fig. 3: Activated Call Point

Fig. 4: Honeywell Speaker

Fig. 5: Fire Alarm with a Strobe Light

Fig.6: Street Fire Alarm

The main faults of these systems are,

Most of these technologies are manual, i.e. if there is a fire incident, we have to ring the
alarm bell manually to aware the concerned Authority and Fire-station.
If there be a fire incident in a remote place where there is no one to aware the Fire-station,
it will be a great loss.
In general Automated Fire Alarming System, there must be a Computer installed. So cost is
much higher.

1.2. AUTOMATION IN FIRE ALERT IN OUR SYSTEM

This system is a typical Fire Alarming system with great efficiency and advancement.

When It will detect that there is fire nearby by measuring the temperature, it will call
concerned authority or Fire-station automatically, so that action can be taken rapidly.

It will also switch on other fire extinguishing system installed on the premises.

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2. PROJECT DESIGN METHODOLOGY

2.1. ALGORITHM
Start

Measure Temperature

Is Temperature
higher than
Danger limit?

Call Intended Authority or Fire Station

Switch on Installed Fire Extinguishing System

Fig.7: Algorithm

When +5v power supply is given to the microcontroller, temperature sensor and display, the
circuit starts to function. Data is collected from the temperature sensor; this data is fed into the
ADC located in the MCU and hence converted into digital value and sent to the display unit, where
we can see the temperature. When the temperature is above the danger limit it will activate the
call processing by the attached mobile phone, as well as it will switch on other fire extinguishing
circuit.

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2.2. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power
Supply

Display

Microcontroller

Sender

Receiver

Temperature
Sensor

Switch on Fire
Extinguishing System

Fig.8: Block Diagram

The heart of the project is the microcontroller. There is a temperature sensor, here we have used
LM35, precision centigrade temperature sensor. The MCU will have ADC inbuilt. The display unit
can be a 7 segment display or an LCD display. The mobile can be of any type of GSM module inbuilt.
And the Fire Extinguishing System is the other logically controllable Fire Extinguishing System.

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2.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig.9: Circuit Diagram

Page 8 of 16

2.4. GENERATION OF PCM SOUND

In this project we have arranged such a system, where the alarm receiving party through mobile
phone will experience an alarming voice, which will say the emergency message as well as the fireaffected address. This is essential for a fire alarming system because a simple call or a missed call
does not alert the intended person effectively. So we decided to play an emergency voice message.
This voice message is nothing but digital PCM values to a phone speaker which are stored in the
same microcontroller used here. But our voice is an analog signal. So these PCM values are
generated in following process.
Step 1: Generate a 32-bit voice file through recording media or by Text-to-Speech Converter.
Step 2: Convert the 32-bit voice file to a 8-bit, PCM Uncompressed, 8000 Hz, Mono channel File.
Step 3: Now this file is converted to an array of PCM values.
Now these values are ready to use. These values can be stored in the microcontroller and can be
converted again to analog voltage level and can be fed to the mobile microphone and hence can be
played through the phone.

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3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
3.1. ATMEGA16 MICROCONTROLLER IC
The ATmega16 is a 40 pin low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced
RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves
throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designers to optimize power
consumption versus processing speed.
The Atmega16 has three key features that satisfy our objective. These are as follows: 512 Bytes EEPROM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
8 bit multi-channel analog-to-digital converter

Fig.10: ATmega16

Fig.11: Pin Description of ATmega16

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3.2. 74LS373 OCTAL D-TYPE TRI-STATE

TRANSPARENT LATCH
These 8-bit registers feature totem-pole TRI-STATE outputs designed specifically for driving
highly-capacitive or relatively low-impedance loads.
Features:
Switching specifications at 50 pF.
Switching specifications guaranteed over full temperature and VCC range.
Advanced oxide-isolated, ion-implanted Schottky TTL process.
Functionally and pin for pin compatible with LS TTL counterpart.
Improved AC performance over LS373 at approximately half the power.
TRI-STATE buffer-type outputs drive bus lines directly.

Fig.12: Connection Diagram of 74LS373

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3.3. LM35 PRECISION CENTIGRADE

TEMPERATURE SENSORS
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.
Features:
Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade).
Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor.
0.5C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25C).
Rated for full 55 to +150C range.
Suitable for remote applications.
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming.
Operates from 4 to 30 volts.
Less than 60 A current drain.
Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air.
Nonlinearity only 14C typical.
Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load.

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4. ADVANTAGES
This design has some advantages:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

A complete solution to alarming system.

High precision, rapid action can be taken.
Small size, easy to install.
No computer is needed, so cost is very low.
Low power consumption.
Secondary backup power supply from battery.
High temperature withstanding capability.
Easily incorporable to other alarming systems.
Fully automated, least man power is needed.

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5. PRICE LIST
No.

Parts Name

Quantity

Price in INR.

1 Microcontroller IC: ATMEGA16 + 40 Pin Base

1+1

`150+`5

2 Latch IC: 74HCT373 + 20 Pin Base

2+2

`20+`6

3 Voltage Regulator IC: 7805

`8

4 Temperature Sensor IC: LM35

`40

15+1

`3+`0.50

2+2

`1 +`2

7 Transformer: 15V/750 mA in secondary

`60

8 Diodes: (1N4007)

`4

9 7 segment Display

`24

`2

5 Resistance: 150 + 1k
6 Capacitors: 1000 pF + 10 F/63V

10 LEDs: Red

`3

11 Connecting wires
12 Vero Board
13 1.5 V Battery + Battery Holder

`25

4+1

`28+`20
`20

14 Casing + Screws

`430 - `450 only.

Total

This is the price of only one module. This excludes the price of the GSM Mobile phone. One can use
any GSM mobile phone he/she chooses. So the total price of the design depends on the price of the
Mobile phone. It can be noted that maximum 8 numbers of this alarming module can be connected
to a single mobile phone at a time through a priority encoder.

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6. CONCLUSION

We have made provisions for a single call to be forwarded to the emergency response
officials. In Future more than one call can be initiated to the concerned authorities

Our system is designed to forward an emergency call in response to a fire to the concerned
firefighting officials. In future SMS technology can be incorporated.

The accuracy and speed of operation can be upgraded by using sensors of higher sensitivity.

The speed of operation can be increased by using high speed microcontroller and other
integrated components used.

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
We have consulted some websites for this project. These are

http://www.google.com
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://www.datasheetcatalog.com
http://www.alldatasheets.com
http://www.rsatechbook.webs.com

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