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skema jawapan biologi form 4 pep.

pertengahan tahun 2012


SKEMA JAWAPAN PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN 2012
BIOLOGI KERTAS 2
NO.

1 (a)

SCORING CRITERIA

(i) able to label the structures of P,Q,R and S


P : nucleus
Q : chloroplast
R : Mitochondria
S : vacuole

MARK

(ii) able to state a function of the structures P and R


P : controls all the activities which take place in the
cell (example the synthesis of proteins is regulated by
coded information contained in the chromosomes)

1(b)

Accept any
suitable answer
1
2m

R : sites of cellular respiration//release energy through


the oxidation of food substances ( such as glucose) //
generate energy in the form of ATP ( which can be
used readily by cells)
(iii) able to state one similarity between Q and R
Both have double menbrane
(iv) able to explain why organelle Q present in a green
plants only

1m

F1 : green plants cells need chlorophyll that contain in


this organelle/chloroplast
E1 : chlorophyll absorbs/traps light energy (and
convert light energy into chemical energy during
photosynthesis.
(v) able to exlplain how S maintain cell turgidity

2m

F1 : the cell sap in the S/vacuole contains water and


dissolved substances
E1 : when water enter/diffuse into the cell(by
osmosis), it fills up the vacuole causing it to expand
E2 : this creates turgor pressure within the cell and
maintains its turgidity
Able to state two differences between a palisade cell
and cheek cell

3m
1
1

Any 2
Palisade cell
Cell wall present
Chloroplast is present
A large central vacuole
is present
Have a fixed shape

Cheek cell
Cell wall absent
Chloroplast is absent
No large central vacuole

1
1
1
1

Do not have a cheek cell

1
TOTAL

2(a)

REMARK

4 correct= 2m
2m
2-3 correct =1m
0-1 correct=0m

Able to label the structures

2m

12 M

J- hydrophilic heads
K-hydrophobic tails
L-pore protein
M-carrier protein
2(b)

Able to name the model


Fluid mosaic model
2(c)
(i) able to state the characteristics
Semi permeable
(ii) able to explain the substances

2(d)
2(e)

1
1
1
1

4m

1m

P1: glucose/amino acids/nucleic acids because large


polar molecule/not soluble in lipid

P2 : Mg2+/Na+/Cl- (any suitable ions) because the


molecule is ions/charged
(iii) able to state the structure
Carrier protein/M
Able to name two factors
Polarity
Size
Able to explain the statement
To make plasma membrane more rigid and
stable/flexible and dynamic

4m

1
1
1

2m

1
TOTAL

3(a)

3(b)

3 (c)

3(d)

Able to label X,Y and Z in figure 3.1


X : lactose
Y : glucose
Z : galactose
Able to state the characteristics of enzyme

1
1
1

P1 : do not destroyed by the reactions they catalyst


P2 : highly specific
P3 : can catalysed the reaction in either
direction/reversible
Able to explain different effectiveness of cleaning in
different temperature

1
1
1

F1 : all (the organic) stain remove from the cloth at


400C
E1 : because enzyme is active // can hydrolysed
organic stain
F2 : (the organic) stain is partially remove at 0 0C
E2 : because enzyme is not active//cannot hydrolysed
organic stain
F3 : (the organic) stain is not remove at 60 0C
E3 : the enzyme cannot hydrolysed (the organic) stain
totally because enzyme is denatured
Able to predict the effectiveness of cleaning her cloth

1
1

F : (the organic) stain is partially removed

1
1
1
1

12M

3-2 correct= 2m 2m
1 correct =1m

3m

5m

E1 : lime juice cause medium of cleaning become


acidic
E2 : enzyme cannot hydrolysed the organic stain

1
1

2m
TOTAL

Able to answer what is the cell


The basic unit of life/living thing
4(b)
Able to name cell P and tissue Q
P : epithelium cell
Q : smooth muscle tissues

12M

4(a)

4(c)

4(d)

4(e)

Able to explain the organization and functions of


tissues Q and stomach
Tissue Q :
Made up of (many) smooth muscle cell
Perform/ carry out (specific function) muscle
contraction/contraction of stomach wall
Stomach :
Made up of (many) tissues Q/epithelial tissues and
smooth muscle tissues
Perform / carry out (specific function) the digestion of
food/protein
(i) able to state the level R of the cell organisation
Organ
(ii) able to state the formation of the level R

1m

1
1

2m

1
1

2m

1
1

2m

R : an organ is formed by two or more type of tissues


working together to perform a particular function
Able to explain the differentiation process of cell P to
secrete gastric juice in stomach

P1 : cell P grows and changed their structure


P2 : they are organized into tissues that lining the
inner space of stomach
P3 : cell P become specialized and adapts to become a
group of cell and form gastric glands
P4 : in form of tissues, secretion of gastric juices more
efficiently

1
1
1
3m

1
TOTAL

5(a)

12

5(b)

Able to give the name of the process


X : simple diffusion
Y : facilitated diffusion
Z : osmosis
(i) able to give definition of osmosis

1m

5(b)

F : the movement of water molecule from higher


concentration of water molecule/hypotonic solution to
lower concentration of water molecule/hypertonic
solution through semi-permeable membrane (until
dynamic equilibrium is achieve)
(ii) able to explain the preservation of fish
P1 : immersed fish in the natrium solution

2m

1
1
1

3m

5(c)

P2 : water in fish diffuse out by osmosis cause


bacteria in fish die
Able to state the similarities and differences between
facilitated diffusion and active transport
Similarities
S1 : both require protein molecule
S2 : both the movement of substances from higher
concentration molecule substances to lower
concentration
S3 : both occur through plasma membrane
Differences
D1 : facilitated diffusion no need energy while active
transport need energy
D2 : in facilitated diffusion, the movement of
substances down the concentration gradient while
active transport against concentration gradient.

5(d)

1
1

Any one

1m

Any two

2m

1
1

Able to explain how sodium solution move out.


P1 : the sodium solution in the cell move out by active
transport/ against concentration gradient
P2 : energy/ATP is required
P3 : sodium ion bind with active site of the carrier
protein
P4 : carrier protein is modified/change their shape (to
move out the sodium ion)

3m

1
1
1
TOTAL

6(a)

6(a)

6(b)

12m

(i) able to state what is the internal environment and


physical and chemical factors
F : consist of the interstitial fluid and the blood
plasma
P1 : physical factors : temperature/blood
pressure/osmotic pressure
P2 : chemical factors : pH value/salt/sugar content
(ii) able to explain the importance of regulating the
optimum condition of the internal environment

1
1

F : oppose the effects changes


E1 : ensure optimum cellular activities
E2 : stable internal environment
E3 : enable organism to live in wider range of habitats
E4 : metabolic activities/ physiological process can
still continue(even though the external environment
change)
E5 : organism able to control metabolic rate
E6 : more efficient and optimal metabolism in the cell
(i) able to name the system involves the organ in

1
1
1
1
1

3m

1
1

6m

diagram 6.1 and explain how the organ react to


maintain the body temperature at 370C in a hot day
F1 : integumentary system
E1 : erectors muscle relaxes
E2 : to enable the hair follicle lie down
E3 : less/thin layer of air trap
E4 : sweat gland active secrete sweats
E5 : increase amount of heat lost to the surroundings

6(b)

F2 : circulatory system
E4 : arterioles/ blood vessel (in epidermis) dilate
E5 : more blood flows to the skin //more heat release
F3 : endocrine system
E6 : produces hormones to reduces the metabolic rate
E7 : produces hormones to reduces production of heat

7(a)

5m

(ii) able to state another two system that help to


regulate body temperature and describe how does the
system work in hot day
F1 : nervous system
E1 : when body temperature rises, the receptors in the
skin detect the changes
E2 : information transmitted to the brain
/hypothalamus
E3 : brain/hypothalamus activates various
effectors/sweat gland/blood vessels

7(a)

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1

Any 2F and 4E

6m

TOTAL

20 m

Any 6

6m

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

(i) able to explain the process experienced by plant


cell after immersion in 30% sucrose solution for 30
minutes
E1 : cell undergoes plasmolysis
E2 : 30% sucrose solution is hypertonic than the plant
cell
E3 : water molecules diffuse out of the large central
vacuole by osmosis
E4 : both the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink
E5 : plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall
E6 : the cell become flaccid
E7 : the cellulose cell wall does not shrink because it
is strong
(ii) able to describe how do you make the plant cell in
retains its normal shape

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

7(b)

7(c)

E1 : by immersing the plant cell Q in 0.5% sucrose


solution/isotonic solution
E2 : 0.5% sucrose solution is isotonic to the plant cell
sap
E3 : water diffuses into and out of the cell at equal
rate
E4 : by osmosis
E5 : no net movement of water across the plasma
(causes the cell retains its normal shape)
Able to explain the concepts applied in the
preservation of the pickled papaya

E1 : papaya slices is soaked in a concentrated sugar


solution
E2 : these preservatives/sugar solution will make the
solution outside the papaya slices/fruit/food more
concentrated/hypertonic compared to the content of
the papaya cells
E3 : water molecules diffuse into the papaya cells by
osmosis
E4 : the cells in papaya become
dehydrated/flaccid//the food become dry
E5 : causing the microorganism/bacteria/fungus
cannot survive
E6 : (at the same time) microorganism/bacteria/fungi
also lose water by osmosis(to surrounding solution)
and will eventually die
E7 : as a result, the papaya/ fruit can last longer
Able to explain the differences between the process
experienced by the red blood cell X and Y after being
immersed for half an hour.

Red blood cell X


Cell X undergo
crenation
3 % sodium chloride
solution hypotonic
compared to
cytoplasmic fluid cell X
Water molecules diffuse
from cell X to 3 %
sodium chloride solution
by osmosis
Cell X
shrink/shrivel/plasma
membrane of the cell X
crinkles up

Red blood cell Y


Cell Y undergo
heamolysis
0.1 % sodium chloride
solution hypertonic
compared to
cytosplamic fluid cell Y
Water molecules diffuse
from 1% sodium
chloride solution into
cell Y by osmosis
Cell Y swells up and
eventually burst.

Any 4

4m

Any 6

6m

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

4m

TOTAL
8(a)

Able to state the importance of water in cells

20M

1
1
1

8(b)

E1 : as a medium for biochemical reaction in the cell


E2 : a good solvent for many substances
E3 : as a transport medium within cells / between the
cell
E4 : as a major component of protoplasm
E5 : allows the chemical changes to take place in
solution
E6 : provide moisture to the respiratory
surface/alveoli to enable respiratory gases/oxygen and
carbon dioxide to dissolve
E7 : provide support for non-woody/herbaceous plant
when the cell turgid
E8 : maintain body temperature
(i) able to describe the structure of nucleic acids

8(b)

E1 : nucleic acids contains carbon, hydrogen,


phosphorus and nitrogen
E2 : basic unit of nucleic acids is nucleotide
E3 : nucleotide consist of pentose sugar, phosphate
and nitrogen base
E4 : two type of nucleic acids : RNA( ribonucleic
acids) and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acids)
E5 : DNA consists of two strands polynucleotide
twisted into a double helix
E6 : RNA consist of single strands of polynucleotide
(ii) able to state importance of nucleic acids in cells

1
1
1

8(c)

E1 : carry genetics information (in all living cell)


E2 : control all the main activities in the cell
E4 : (carry genetics information) for synthesis of
proteins
(i) able to name structures A,B, C and D
A : primary structure of protein
B : secondary structure of protein
C : tertiary structure of protein
D : quarternary structure of protein
(ii) able to explain the type of amino acids and classes
of protein

1
1
1
1

4m

4m

8(c)

Two type of amino acids :


E1 : essential amino acids : amino acids cannot be
synthesised by body cell
E2 : non-essential amino acids : amino acids can be
synthesised by body cell
Two classes of protein :
E3 : first class protein : contain all the essential amino
acids
E4 : second class protein : lacks a few of essential
amino acids

Any 6

6m

Any 4

4m

Any 2

2m

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
TOTAL

20 M

9(a)

(i) able to name the stages and state two importance of


mitosis
P : metaphase
Q : prophase
R : anaphase
Importance :
P1 : produced new cells
P2 : replace dead and damage cells
P3 : basic of asexual reproduction
(ii) able to rearrange the stages in correct sequence
and draw daughter cells

9(a)

Q >> P >> R

9(b)

Drawing :
Must have two daughter cells
Correct number of chromosomes 4
Label at least 3:
Chromosomes/chromatid
Nuclear membrane
Cell membrane
Nucleolus

1
1
1

3m

Any 2

2m

5m

2
1
1

Able to explain the differences of cytokinesis process


in animal and plant cell
F1 : cytokinesis in animal cell occur by formation of
cleavage furrow while in plant occur by the formation
of cell plate
Cytokinesis in animal cell
E1 : actin filaments contract to pull a ring of plasma
membrane inward
E2 : forming a groove called cleavage furrow
E3 : (cleavage furrow) pinches the equator of the cell
Cytokinesis in plant cell
E4 : a vesicle gather at an equator(between two
nuclei)
E5 : (vesicle) fuse to form a cell plate
E6 : (cell plate) grow outwards and fuse with the
plasma membrane

9(c)

1
1
1

Any 6

6m

Any 4

4m

1
1
1
1
1
1

Able to explain the technique of tissues culture


F1 : method used tissues culture/cloning
E1 : tissues from parent plant/stem/shoot/leaves is
taken out
E2 : tissues is sterile to prevent infection of
microorganism

1
1
1

E3 : cultured in sterile medium(containing nutrients


and growth hormones)
E4 : cells divide by mitosis to form a callus
E5 : plantlets transferred to the soil and grow into
adult plants

1
1
1
TOTAL

20M

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