Biodiversity

The variety of life is on Earth, It is

biological diversity. It is commonly referred as Bio
diversity. The number of species of plants, animals
and micro organisms, the enormous diversity of
genes in these species the different ecosystems on
the planet such as deserts rain forests and coral
reefs are all part of a biological diversity on earth.
Appreciation and conservation and sustainable
development strategies attempt to recognize this
as being internal to any approach. In some way or
form, almost all cultures have recognized that
importance of nature and
its biological diversity for
their societies and have
therefore understood the
need to maintain it. Yet
power greed and politics
have affected the
precious balance.

/1/
Bio diversity
Written, complied by: Viswanth Gudiwada.

Biodiversity can be sub divided as three main parts

as follows:

Genetic
Diversity

Genetic Diversity
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity

All three interact and change over time and

from place to place.

All finer levels of organization, Biodiversity includes

the genetic diversity variations with in species,
both among geographically Seperated populations
and among individuals with in the single
population. Differences between the individual
organisms have two causes:
/2/
Bio diversity
Written, complied by: Viswanth Gudiwada.

Variation in the genetic material which all

organisms passes and which is passed on from
genetic to generation.
And Variation caused by environmental influence
on each individual organism. New genetic
variation, which arises by gene and chromosome
mutilation in individuals and in sexually
reproducing organisms, is Spread in the population
by a recombination of genetic material during cell
division proceding sexual reproduction.
A great deal of work needs to be done on the
conservation of genetic diversity with in wild
species in India. Protecting the Gir habitat, for
instance has saved the Asiatic Loin. India has a
long tradition of domestic Animal breeding for
specific qualities. These include cattle, goats,
sheep as well as horses and pigeons for sport.
The challenges are at least two folds, to meet
farmers need for wide genetic diversity whether
through enhanced access to local varieties or
newly introduced genetic resourses; and to find
strategies for linking longer term Conservation
goals with immediate product needs.
/3/
Bio diversity
Written, complied by: Viswanth Gudiwada.

Species
Diversity

Bio diversity at its most basic level includes the

full range of species on earth from micro organisms
such as viruses, bacteria through the multi cellular
kingdom of plants, animals and fungi. Thus, it
refers to the variety of species with in a region. It
measured on the basic of number of species on the
region. Species richness varies geographically. Out
of an estimation 30 million Species on earth only
one-sixth has been identified and authenticated in
the past 200 years.
Only 250,000 species of the total stock are plants.
On the wider scale, biodiversity includes
variations in the biological communities in which
species live, the ecosystem in which the
communities exist, and the interaction among
these levels. In the living world interdependence
/4/
Bio diversity
Written, complied by: Viswanth Gudiwada.

and interaction between organisms and their

Eco system
Diversity

environment are a very

common practice to assert
ones existence on this planet.
On the other

hand, nature
always tries to remain in
homeostatic state and various life forms help to
maintain this equilibrium.
For both these cases, biodiversity serves as the
source of live stock. To human beings, it opens
avenues for understanding the laws and the ways
of nature and for making the optimum sustainable
use of life support systems gifted to man by
nature. Ecosystem diversity could be best
understood if one studies the communities in
various ecological niches within the given
ecosystem.

/5/
Bio diversity
Written, complied by: Viswanth Gudiwada.