CCE 3080 Spring 2016

Civil Engineering Materials

Homework VII
Assigned on: April 1, 2016
Due: April 11, 2016
(1) List at least five methods used for concrete curing. What are the best methods for concrete
curing? Why? Slide 20-23(placing finishing and curing concrete)
Fogging or spraying
Membrane forming curing compounds
Plastic sheets
Ponding
Saturated wet covering
A. The best methods for concrete curing is saturated wet covering, ponding and
plastic sheeting because they retain almost 100 percent of moisture hydration.
(2) Calculate the rate of evaporation using the given chart if concrete is place under the
following conditions. State if any precautions are needed. If the answer is yes, list the
precautions. PCA p235
(a) Air temperature 65 0F, relative humidity 40%, concrete temperature 60 0F, and wind
velocity 20 mph. Concrete mix contains Type I cement.
Rate of evaporation = 0.125 lb/ft2 hour < 0.2 lb/ft2 hour. So, no precautions is
needed.
(b) Air temperature 80 0F, relative humidity 40%, concrete temperature 90 0F, and wind
velocity 15 mph. Concrete mix contains Type I cement.
Rate of evaporation = 0.4 lb/ft2 per hour > 0.2 lb/ft2 per hour. Precautionary
measures is needed. We can use these methods in order to achieve it.
1. Cool aggregates and mixing water
2. Cover concrete
3. Dampen subgrade
4. Erect temporary windbreaks and sunshades
5. Fog slab immediately after placing
6. Moisten aggregates
(c) Air temperature 65 0F, relative humidity 40%, concrete temperature 60 0F, and wind
velocity 20 mph. Concrete mix contains silica fume.
Rate of evaporation = 0.125 lb/ft2 per hour > 0.05 lb/ft2 per hour
Precautions is needed because of the concrete temperature that is less than air
temperature and wind speed is 20 MPH. Erecting temporary windbreaks and
sunshades can be used.

Note: Please note applicable sections or Table numbers with your answer (e.g., according to
section **.** or according to Table **.).

(3) Temperature of a fresh concrete mixture is measured at the mixing plant as 68 0F. The
ambient (air) temperature is 20 0F. This concrete is transported to a site where a 6-in
concrete slab is being cast. The concrete mix temperature is measured at the site as 50 0F.
Do you recommend this concrete for casting? State the reasons for your recommendation?
No, the fresh concrete temperature that is at the site, is less than the
recommended temperature. (PCA 239) slide 9 cold weather
(4) 28-day compressive strength of 6000 psi is specified for design of a concrete beam. Slide3-4
(hardened concrete properties)
(1) State the maximum compressive strain used in the design
0.0038
(2) Calculate the modulus of rupture
Fr=7.5*(6000)1/2= 581 psi
(3) Calculate the modulus of elasticity
Ec= (57000*(6000)1/2)/1000= 4415.2 ksi
(4) Calculate the modulus of elasticity of the same concrete if the unit weight of concrete
is given as 148 lb/ft3.
Ec= ((148)1.5 *(33)*(6000)1/2)/1000=4602.376 ksi
(5) A 612-in. concrete cylinder was tested under compression and the ultimate load was
calculated as 141,371.7 lb.
(a) Calculate the ultimate compressive strength of the cylinder in psi units.
Cross-section area of the specimen = pi*(3)2 = 28.27 in2
Compressive strength = 141371.7/28.27 = 5000 psi
(b) Similar specimen with the same strength was initially loaded to 50 psi and strain was
measured as 0.00050. Then the specimen was loaded to 40% of its ultimate strength
and the measured strain was 0.0010. Calculate the modulus of elasticity of concrete.
(40/100)*5000 = 2000 psi
Ec= 3900 Ksi
(d) Under the same loading conditions stated in part (b), transverse strains at the midheight of the specimen were measured as 1210-5 and 210-5. Calculate the Poissons
ratio of concrete.
Poissons ratio (v) = 0.2 Iron Steel Handout page 2

Note: Please note applicable sections or Table numbers with your answer (e.g., according to
section **.** or according to Table **.).

Note: Please note applicable sections or Table numbers with your answer (e.g., according to
section **.** or according to Table **.).