AAR552 MODERN MOVEMENT AND CONTEMPORARY

ARCHITECTURE

ASSIGNMENT 1

EDORA BINTI MOHAMAD SUHAIMI

2014418744

NURUL HASINA BINTI MOHD FUAD

2014620832

MUHAMMAD FAIS FITRI BIN ABDULLAH

2014874138

SYED ZAMREE SYAHMI BIN SYED ZAHARI

2014602568

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

METABOLISM
1. INTRODUCTION
Metabolism in architecture first appeared in the Tokyo World Conference of Design in
1960 under the leadership of Kenzo Tange and other architects, including, Kiyonori
Kikutake, Kisho Kurokawa, and Fumihiko Maki. Metabolists believed that adopting
this approach in architecture would save the identity of humanbeings and allow
them to communicate their humanity to architecture

There are number of features that characterize the Metabolism movement

such as:

1. Large scale structures capable of growing organically in different direction

(vertically and horizontally).

2. The design of the buildings do not follow the modernists views of Form
follows Function, but allow the spaces and forms to be adapted to
changeable function in the future.

3. Adaptable plug-in mega-structures, which express the progress in building

technology.

Timeline of Metabolism Style

0rigin of Metabolists

1928 : The Congrs Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) was

founded in Switzerland

Early 1930: they promoted the idea (based upon new urban patterns in the
United States) that urban development should be guided by CIAM's four
functional categories of: dwelling, work, transportation, and recreation.

Mid 1930: Le Corbusier and other architects had moulded CIAM into a
pseudo-political party with the goal of promoting modern architecture to all.
This view gained some traction in the immediate post-war period when Le
Corbusier and his colleagues began to design buildings in Chandigarh

Early 1950: CIAM was losing its avant-garde edge

1954: group of younger members called "Team 10" was formed.

1959: - first international exposure during CIAM meeting

The idea were tentatively tested by students by Kenzo Tanges MIT studio

1960: - Tky World Design Conference a group of young architects and

designers, including Kiyonori Kikutake, Kisho Kurokawa and Fumihiko
Maki prepared the publication of the Metabolism manifesto

1973: - After the 1973 oil crisis the Metabolists turned their attention away
from Japan and toward Africa and the Middle East.

KENZO TANGE
Biography

(4 September 1913 22 March 2005)

Architect Kenzo Tange's best-known early work is the Hiroshima Peace Center.
His later work includes the dramatic National Gymnasium for the 1964
Olympic Games.
Synopsis
Kenzo Tange was born September 4, 1913 in Osaka, Japan. His best-known
early work is the Hiroshima Peace Center. Later works include the Shizoka
Press and Broadcasting Center, the dramatic National Gymnasium for the
1964 Olympic Games, and the theme pavilion for the 1970 Osaka Exposition.
His design for the New Tokyo City Hall Complex established his reputation in
Japan and internationally.
Profile
Architect, born in Osaka, Japan. He was raised in Imbari and studied
architecture at the Tokyo Imperial University (19358, 19425), where he
became professor (194974, then emeritus). His best-known early work is the
Hiroshima Peace Centre (194955). Later works include the Shizoka Press and
Broadcasting Centre (19667), the dramatic National Gymnasium for the
1964 Olympic Games, and the theme pavilion for the 1970 Osaka Exposition.
His design for the New Tokyo City Hall Complex was selected in 1986 and
established his reputation in Japan and internationally. His Plan for Tokyo
received world-wide attention for its new concepts of extending the growth of
the city out over the bay, using bridges, man-made islands, floating parking,

and megastructures. Symbolic of this period is the Fuji Television Building in

Odaiba, completed in 1996. His highly influential published works include A
Plan for Tokyo (1960) and Toward a Structural Reorganization (1960). He was
awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1987
Kisho Kurokawa (1934-2007)

Biographical Summary
Kisho Kurokawa was born in 1934 in Nagoya, Japan, and studied architecture at the
University of Tokyo under Kenzo Tange, receiving his M.Arch in 1959 and his Ph.D. in
1964. From an early age, Kurokawa has been deeply interested in both the theory
and practice of architecture, and is well known for his philosophy of "symbiosis" and
his numerous publications and translations of architectural writings. Although most
of his built work is found in Asia--including the Kuala Lumpur International Airport in
Maylasia, and the Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art and Osaka
International Convention Center, both in Japan--he designed the Illinois Sporting
Club at IllinoisCenter in Chicago in the late 1980s and has had a long-standing
relationship with The Art Institute of Chicago. Kurokawa has maintained his own
office, Kisho Kurokawa Architect and Associates, in Tokyo since 1962. He has also
been a visiting lecturer, critic, and advisor for universities and institutions around
the world and has received numerous international awards and distinctions for his
writings and architecture. Kurokawa died in Tokyo, Japan on October 12, 2007.
Interview Highlights
Kurokawa speaks about his family background; his education in Nagoya and Tokyo;
his publications; his philosophy of Symbiosis; Metabolism in architecture; his
architectural office; the Sporting Club at Illinois Center in Chicago; his art; the
differences between practicing architecture in the United States and in Japan; his
awards and honors; and his vision for the future.

Perspective drawing, Sporting Club at Illinois Center, Chicago, 1988.

Department of Architecture, The Art Institute of Chicago.

Interior view, Sporting Club at Illinois Center, Chicago, 1990.

Photograph by Mark Ballogg, courtesy of Kisho Kurokawa Architect and Associates.
Interview Excerpt
"...You know, in Chicago, for me it is Louis Sullivan and then Mies on Lake Shore
Drive. They are the two people and this is very natural. Chicago is Sullivan and Mies.
This [Sporting Club] is sort of an homage to them. The basic idea is Japanese
architecture in the United States. The idea for this environment [Illinois Center], for
me is the garden, the Japanese garden, with the many stones, the huge stones.
These are stone gardens. The whole building should not appear strongly; it should
be weak--transparent and invisible. Small and transparent, and slender structure, so
it feels weak. Weakness is the Japanese vitality, of Japanese culture. The United
States and Russia like the image of power, but Japanese culture is delicate...Shingu
is number one among sculptors of moving sculpture.... This was one of his
masterpieces. [The wind sculpture] was a very important design image of the four
towers. I need that moving sculpture because Chicago is a city of wind." (pp.40-41)

ARATA ISOZAKI

Arata Isozaki ( , Isozaki Arata; born 23 July 1931) is a Japanese

architect from ita. He graduated from the University of Tokyo in
1954. Isozaki worked under Kenzo Tange before establishing his own firm in 1963.
He was awarded the RIBA Gold Medal in 1986.

In 2005, Arata Isozaki founded the Italian branch of his office: Arata Isozaki &
Andrea Maffei Associates. Two major projects from this office are currently
underway: CityLife office tower, a redevelopment project in the former trade fair
area in Milan, and the new Town Library in Maranello, Italy.

Art Tower in Mito, Ibaraki

Born and educated in Japan, Arata Isozaki often integrates Eastern ideas into his
designs.
For example, Isozaki wanted to express a yin-yang theory of positive and negative
space when he designed the Team Disney Building in Orlando, Florida. Also, because
the offices were to be used by time-conscious executives, he wanted the
architecture to make a statement about time.

Serving as offices for the Walt Disney Corporation, the Team Disney Building is a
startling landmark on the otherwise barren stretch of Florida's Route I-4. The oddly
looped gateway suggests gigantic Mickey Mouse ears. At the building's core, a 120foot sphere forms the world's largest sundial. Inside the sphere is a serene Japanese
rock garden.

Isozaki's Team Disney design won a prestigious National Honor Award from the AIA
in 1992.

Museum of Modern Art Gunma, Japan, 1974

Notable works:

COSI Columbus, Columbus, Ohio, United States

Kyoto Concert Hall, Kyoto, Japan
ita Prefectural Library, ita, ita, Japan
Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA), Los Angeles, California, United States
Art Tower Mito, Japan, 1990
Sports Hall for the 1992 Summer Olympics, Barcelona, Spain
Team Disney Orlando, Florida, United States
Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, near Doha
Torino Palasport Olimpico, Turin, Italy
Centre of Japanese Art and Technology, Krakw, Poland
Domus Casa Del Hombre, La Corua, Spain, 1995
Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, opened 2004
Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
Isozaki Atea, Bilbao, Spain
Shenzhen Cultural Center, Shenzhen, China
Diamond Island, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (complete in 2012)
Metropolis Thao Dien, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (under construction)
Collaborated design in Puerta America hotel, Madrid with 18 other international
designers including Zaha Hadid, Norman Foster and Jean Nouvel
New Concert Hall Building, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2010.

KIYONORI KIKUTAKE

Edo-Tokyo Museum, designed by Kiyonori Kikutake

Kiyonori Kikutake ( Kikutake Kiyonori?) (April 1, 1928 December 26,
2011) was a prominent Japanese architect known as one of the founders of the
Japanese Metabolist group.[1] He was also the tutor and employer of several
important Japanese architects, such as Toyo Ito, Shz Uchii and Itsuko Hasegawa.
Kikutake was born in 1928 in Kurume, Japan and graduated from Waseda
University in 1950.[2]
Career
Kikutake is best known for his "Marine City" project of 1958, which formed part of
the Metabolist Manifesto launched at the World Design Conference in Tokyo in 1960
under the leadership of Kenzo Tange. He, along with fellow member Kisho
Kurokawa was invited to exhibit work at the "Visionary Architecture" exhibition in
New York of 1961, through which the Metabolists gained international recognition.
Kikutake continued his practice until his death in 2011, producing several key public
buildings throughout Japan, as well as lecturing internationally. He was also the
President and then Honorary President of the Japan Institute of Architects.
Awards
Kikutake was the recipient of numerous awards both in his native Japan and
internationally. These include the Japan Academy of Architecture Prize (1970) and
the UIA (Union Internationale des Architectes) Auguste Perret Prize (1978).

List of works

Sky House, Tokyo, 1958

Marine City, 1958

Tatebayashi Civic Centre, 1963

Administrative building of Izumo Shrine, 1963

Pacific Hotel, Chigasaki, 1966

Miyakonojo Civic Hall, 1966

Expo Tower, Expo '70, Osaka, 1969

Matsumi Tower, 1976

Tanabe Art Museum, 1979

Hotel Seiyo, Ginza, Tokyo, 1987

Edo-Tokyo Museum, 1993

Hotel Sofitel, Tokyo, 1994

Shimane Art Museum, 1999

National Showa Memorial Museum, 1999

Kyushu National Museum, 2005

REFERENCES
1. KISHO KUROKAWA, ARCHITECTS AND ASSOCIATES, SELECTED AND CURRENT
WORKS, KISHO KUROKAWA AND ANDY WHYTE, THE IMAGES PUBLISHING
GROUP PTY. LTD. (2000)
2.