Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Automotive Meter
Service Manual
For IEC 61010 CAT II Meters Only
PN 666856
November 1998 Rev.1, 11/99
1998, 1999 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
Everett WA
98206-9090
The Netherlands
Safety Information
This meter complies with EN 61010-1:1993, ANSI/ISA S82.01-1994 and CAN/CSA
C22.2 No. 1010.1-92 Overvoltage Category II. Use the meter only as specified in the
Users Manual, otherwise the protection provided by the meter may be impaired.
A Warning identifies conditions and actions that pose hazards to the user; a Caution
identifies conditions and actions that might damage the meter. International electrical
symbols used on the meter are shown below.
W Warning
To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury:
Keep your fingers behind the finger guards on the probe when
making measurements.
Connect the common test lead before connecting the live test
lead. Disconnect the live test lead first.
Remove test leads from the meter before opening the case.
Safety-1
Never touch the probe to a voltage source when the test leads are
plugged into the 10 A input jack.
Disconnect the power to the circuit under test and discharge all
high voltage capacitors before testing resistance, continuity or
diodes.
Symbols
Symbol
Meaning
Important information. See manual.
Ground
Fuse
Double insulation (Protection Class II)
Conforms to European Union directives
Safety-2
Table of Contents
Chapter
1
Title
Introduction ..........................................................................................
Organization of the Service Manual.....................................................
Conventions..........................................................................................
Specifications .......................................................................................
1-3
1-3
1-4
1-4
Page
Introduction ..........................................................................................
Functional Block Description...............................................................
Detailed Circuit Description ................................................................
Input Overload Protection................................................................
Rotary Switch...................................................................................
Input Signal Conditioning Circuits ..................................................
Volts.............................................................................................
Ohms............................................................................................
Analog Section of Integrated Meter IC (U4) ...................................
Microcomputer Control ...................................................................
Peripherals to U4..............................................................................
AC Buffer ....................................................................................
AC Converter...............................................................................
Active Filter .................................................................................
A/D Converter .............................................................................
Beeper ..........................................................................................
Reference Voltage .......................................................................
Power Supply...............................................................................
Display .............................................................................................
Rotary Knob Switch and Potentiometer ..........................................
2-3
2-3
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-6
2-6
2-6
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-11
2-11
Introduction ..........................................................................................
Required Tools and Equipment............................................................
Operator Maintenance ..........................................................................
Disassembing the Case.....................................................................
Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Assembly...........................
i
3-3
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-5
88
Service Manual
3-6.
3-7.
3-8.
3-9.
3-10.
3-11.
3-12.
3-13.
3-14.
3-15.
3-16.
3-17.
3-18.
3-19.
3-20.
3-21.
3-22.
3-23.
3-24.
3-25.
3-26.
3-27.
3-28.
3-29.
3-30.
3-31.
3-32.
4
3-6
3-7
3-7
3-7
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-9
3-10
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-12
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-14
3-14
3-18
3-19
3-21
3-23
3-23
3-24
3-24
Introduction ..........................................................................................
How to Obtain Parts .............................................................................
Manual Status Information...................................................................
Newer Instruments................................................................................
Service Centers.....................................................................................
Parts Lists .............................................................................................
4-3
4-3
4-3
4-4
4-4
4-4
ii
List of Tables
Table
1-1.
2-1.
3-1.
3-2.
3-3.
3-4.
3-5.
3-6.
3-7.
3-8.
3-9.
3-10.
3-11.
4-1.
4-2.
Title
Summary of Accuracy Specifications....................................................................
Typical Voltage Levels and Tolerance..................................................................
Required Equipment ..............................................................................................
Function Selection Test .........................................................................................
AC Voltage Test ....................................................................................................
Frequency Test.......................................................................................................
Frequency Counter Sensitivity and Trigger Level Tests .......................................
DC Voltage Test ....................................................................................................
Ohms Test ..............................................................................................................
Milliamp Tests .......................................................................................................
Amp Tests ..............................................................................................................
Functional Description of Power Supply Components .........................................
Voltage Levels .......................................................................................................
Fluke 88 Final Assembly .......................................................................................
A1 Main PCA ........................................................................................................
iii
Page
1-5
2-11
3-3
3-10
3-11
3-11
3-12
3-12
3-13
3-14
3-14
3-20
3-20
4-5
4-7
88
Service Manual
iv
List of Figures
Figure
2-1.
2-2.
2-3.
3-1.
3-2.
3-3.
3-4.
3-5.
3-6.
3-7.
4-1.
4-2.
5-1.
Title
Overall Functional Block Diagram........................................................................
A/D Conversion .....................................................................................................
Function-Encoding Switch ....................................................................................
Battery and Fuse Replacement ..............................................................................
Assembly Details ...................................................................................................
Display Test ...........................................................................................................
Setup for Inductive Pickup Test ............................................................................
Waveform for Inductive Pickup Test.....................................................................
Calibration Adjustment Points...............................................................................
Simplified Power Supply Schematic .....................................................................
Fluke 88 Final Assembly .......................................................................................
A1 Main PCA ........................................................................................................
A1 Main PCA ........................................................................................................
Page
2-4
2-8
2-12
3-4
3-6
3-9
3-16
3-17
3-19
3-22
4-6
4-9
5-3
88
Service Manual
POWER-UP OPTIONS
88
AUTO RANGE RECORD
_
TRIG
20
_
+
DISPLAY
AUTOMOTIVE METER
MIN AVG
MAX
310
POWER-UP OPTIONS
PRESS 2 SEC. WHILE TURNING METER ON
H AC DC
m s %+
T mVA
M k Hz
RPM 1 2
8
420
4000
mV
PUSHBUTTONS
ZERO
MIN MAX
SMOOTH
RANGE
HOLD
ZERO
MIN MAX
RANGE
HOLD
HI IMPENDANCE mV DC INPUT
ALERT
RPM
%DUTY
ALERT
Hz
ms-PULSE
+ TRIGGER
RPM
ROTARY SWITCH
mV
mA
A
V
RPM
WARNING
mA
A
ELECTRICAL SHOCK
AND FUSE WARNINGS
OFF
10A
FUSED
CAT II
300V
SKID
RESISTANT
FEET
9V NEDA 1604
FUSE RATINGS
400mA
FUSED
F 44/100A 1000V
MIN INTERRUPT RATING 10 000A
F 11A 1000V
MIN INTERRUPT RATING 17 000A
V
RPM
COM
mA
BATTERY TYPE
LR44340
PRODUCT
S ERVICE
FLUKE CORPORATION
MADE IN USA
PAT. RE. 34,428 DES. 314,715 DES. 312,534 4,217,543
4,556,867 4,532,470 5,073,757 4,940,204 4,951,834
INPUT TERMINALS
FRONT
BACK
aad01f.eps
Frontispiece
vi
Chapter 1
Title
1-1.
1-2.
1-3.
1-4.
Introduction ..........................................................................................
Organization of the Service Manual.....................................................
Conventions..........................................................................................
Specifications .......................................................................................
Page
1-3
1-3
1-4
1-4
1-1
88
Service Manual
1-2
1-1. Introduction
This Service Manual provides information necessary to service the Fluke 88 Automotive
Meter. This information includes the following:
Specifications
Theory of operation
Calibration routines
Schematic diagrams
A meter under warranty will be promptly repaired or replaced (at Flukes option) and
returned at no charge. See the registration card for warranty terms. If the warranty has
lapsed, the meter will be repaired and returned for a fixed fee. Contact the nearest
Service Center for information and prices. To contact Fluke, call one of the following
telephone numbers:
USA: 1-888-99-FLUKE (1-888-993-5853)
Canada: 1-800-36-FLUKE (1-800-363-5853)
Europe: +31 402-678-200
Japan: +81-3-3434-0181
Singapore: +65-738-5655
Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-5500
Or, visit Flukes Web site at www.fluke.com.
1-3
88
Service Manual
1-3. Conventions
The following conventions are used in this manual:
Instrument Reference
The term "Meter" is used when discussing the Fluke 88 Automotive Meter.
Circuit Nodes
Individual pins or connections on a component are specified by a dash (-) following
the component reference designator. For example, pin 19 of U30 would be U30-19.
User Notation
Pushbuttons, positions on the rotary switch, input terminals, and the display are
genrally shown in the manual as they appear on the Meter. Mnemonics used in the
text that describe Meter circuitry are the same as those used on the schematic
diagrams in Chapter 5.
1-4. Specifications
Specifications for the Fluke 88 follow.
Accuracy is specified at 18C to 28C (64F to 82F) with relative humidity up to 90%,
for a period of one year after calibration. AC Conversions are ac-coupled, average
responding, and calibrated to the RMS value of a sine wave input.
Note
The Fluke 88 has a Lo-Ohms/High Resolution power-up option. In the LoOhms/High Resolution mode, the resolution is ten times that in the
following specifications. To enter the Lo-Ohms/High Resolution mode,
press and hold down the SMOOTH button, while turning the rotary switch
to a function setting.
Table 1-1 provides a summary of the accuracy specifications for basic meter functions.
The complete Meter specifications follow Table 1-1. In the complete specifications,
accuracy is given as: ([% of Reading] + [Number of Least Significant Digits])
1-4
Volts AC AV
1.5%
Volts DC d V
0.15%
Resistance e
0.2%
Milliamps/Amps DC mA A d
0.8%
Frequency Hz
0.01%
Red Lead
Min Display
Reading
Max Display
Reading
Maximum Input **
~V
VG
0.01 mV
1000 V
300 V
FV
RPM
RPM
0.0001 V
1000 V
300 V
F mV
V G
0.01 mV
400.0 mV
300 V
VG
0.01
(Lo-Ohms)
400.0 M
300 V
VG
0.0001V
3.000 V
300 V
mA
A~
A
mA
0.1 mA
0.001 mA
20.00 A**
400.0 mA
10 A/300 V*
400 mA/300 V
mA
AF
A
mA
0.1 mA
0.001
20.00 A**
400.0 mA
10A/300 V*
400 mA/300 V
Resolution
400.0 mV
0.1 mV
(1.5%+10)
(1.9%+10)
4.000 V
0.001 V
(1.5%+5)
(1.9%+5)
40.00 V
0.01 V
(1.5%+5)
(1.9%+5)
300.0 V
0.1 V
(1.5%+5)
(1.9%+5)
300 V
1V
(2.5%+5)
(2.5%+5)
45 Hz to 1 kHz
1 kHz to 5 kHz
1-5
88
Service Manual
Volts DC
Range
Resolution
Accuracy
4.000 V
0.001 V
(0.15%+2)
40.00 V
0.01 V
(0.15%+2)
300.0 V
0.1 V
(0.15%+2)
300 V
1V
(0.3%+2)
Range
Resolution
Accuracy
400.0 mV
0.1 mV
(0.15%+2)
Resolution
Accuracy
Millivolts DC
Resistance
Range
400.0
0.1*
(0.2%+2)
4.000 k
0.001 k
(0.2%+2)
40.00 k
0.01 k
(0.2%+2)
400.0 k
0.1 k
(0.2%+2)
4.000 M
0.001 M
(0.2%+2)
40.00 M
0.01 M
(1%+3)
400.0 M**
0.1 M
(1%+20)
Resolution
Accuracy
3.000 V
0.001 V
(2%+2)
mA/A DC
Range
Resolution
Accuracy
Burden Voltage
(typical)
40.00 mA
0.01 mA
(0.8%+2)
2.3 mV/mA
400.0 mA
0.1 mA
(0.8%+2)
2.3 mV/mA
4000 mA
1 mA
(0.8%+2)
0.03 V/A
10.00 A*
0.01A
(1.3%+2)
0.03 V/A
1-6
Resolution
Accuracy **
Burden Voltage
(typical)
40.00 mA
0.01 mA
(3%+10)
2.3 mV/mA
400.0 mA
0.1 mA
(3%+5)
2.3 mV/mA
4000 mA
1 mA
(1.5%+5)
0.03 V/A
10.0 A*
0.01 A
(1.5%+5)
0.03 VA
Range
Resolution
Accuracy
Pulse Width
Range (ms)*
Resolution
(ms)
Frequency**
199.99
0.01 Hz
(0.01%+1)
1999.9
0.1
(0.5 Hz to
1999.9
0.1 Hz
(0.01%+1)
5.00
0.01
200 kHz,
19.999 kHz
0.001 kHz
(0.01%+1)
0.500
0.001
Pulse Width
199.99 kHz
0.01 kHz
(0.01%+1)
0.0500
0.0001
>2 s)
>200 kHz
0.1 kHz
Unspecified
RPM 1
30-9,000
1 RPM
2 RPM
RPM 2
60-12,000
1 RPM
2 RPM
% Duty Cycle***
0.0-99.9%
(0.5 Hz to 200 kHz, Pulse Width > 2 s)
0.002-1999.9 ms
(4 Hz to 200 kHz, Pulse Width > 2 s)
400.0 mV dc
40 mV
400.0 mV ac
150 mV
4.000 V
0.7 V
40.00 V
7V
4V
300.0 V
70 V (140 kHz)
40 V
1.7 V
1-7
88
Service Manual
Normal Mode
Rejection Ratio
10 M, <100 pF
>60 dB at 50 Hz or
60 Hz
300 V rms
10 M, <100 pF
>60dB at 50 Hz or
60 Hz
300 V rms
10 M, <100 pF
(ac-coupled)
>60 dB, dc to 60 Hz
Function
Overload
Protection*
FV
300 V rms
F mV
BV
Input
Impedance
(nominal)
Open Circuit
Test
Voltage
300 V rms
<1.3 V dc
Diode Test
300V rms
<3.9 V dc
* 10
40 M or
nS
<1.3V dc
3.000 V dc
Short Circuit
Current
<500 A
1.0 mA typical
V-Hz max.
1-8
Accuracy
100 ms to 80%
1 sec
General
Maximum Voltage between any
Terminal and Earth Ground
Fuse Protection
mA
A
Display (LCD)
Digital
300 V
1 A 600 V FAST FUSE
15 A 600 V FAST FUSE
Counts:
Update Rate:
Analog
4,000
19,999 in High Resolution, 4 -digit Mode only.
1/sec in High Resolution, 4 - digit mode only.
3/sec in RPM, Frequency, % Duty Cycle, and
Pulse Width
4/sec in all other functions and ranges.
2 x 32
Segments
Updates Rate:
40/sec
Counts:
19,999
Update Rate:
3/sec @ > 10 Hz
Backlight turns on for 68 seconds, then turns off automatically if not
turned off by user.
-20C to 55C (-4F to 131F)
-40C to 60C (-40F to 140 F)
0.05 x (Specified Accuracy)/ C (<18C or >28C or 64F or 82F)
0% to 90% (0C to 35C; 32F to 95F)
0% to 70% (35C to 55C; 95F to 131F)
2000 meters maximum
Inductive
Pickup
Input
Output
Maximum RPM
Battery Type
Battery Life
Shock,
Vibration
Size (HxWxL)
Meter only
With Holster & FlexStand
Weight
Meter only
With Holster & FlexStand
Safety
Meter
Pickup
12.5 oz (355 g)
22.0 oz (624 g)
1-9
88
Service Manual
1-10
Chapter 2
Theory of Operation
Title
2-1.
2-2.
2-3.
2-4.
2-5.
2-6.
2-7.
2-8.
2-9.
2-10.
2-11.
2-12.
2-13.
2-14.
2-15.
2-16.
2-17.
2-18.
2-19.
2-20.
Introduction ..........................................................................................
Functional Block Description...............................................................
Detailed Circuit Description ................................................................
Input Overload Protection................................................................
Rotary Switch...................................................................................
Input Signal Conditioning Circuits ..................................................
Volts.............................................................................................
Ohms............................................................................................
Analog Section of Integrated Meter IC (U4) ...................................
Microcomputer Control ...................................................................
Peripherals to U4..............................................................................
AC Buffer ....................................................................................
AC Converter...............................................................................
Active Filter .................................................................................
A/D Converter .............................................................................
Beeper ..........................................................................................
Reference Voltage .......................................................................
Power Supply...............................................................................
Display .............................................................................................
Rotary Knob Switch and Potentiometer ..........................................
Page
2-3
2-3
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-6
2-6
2-6
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-11
2-11
2-1
88
Service Manual
2-2
Theory of Operation
Introduction
2-1. Introduction
Chapter 2 provides the theory of operation for the Fluke 88.
An overview of circuit operation is presented in the form of functional block
descriptions. Detailed circuit descriptions cover the major circuit functions in more
detail. Schematic diagrams are in Chapter 5.
2-3
88
Service Manual
aad02f.tif
2-4
Theory of Operation
Detailed Circuit Description
2-4.
2-5.
Rotary Switch
Input signals are routed from the overload protection circuits to a double-sided switch
wafer, which provides the necessary switching to implement the various signal
conditioning.
2-6.
2-5
88
Service Manual
2-7.
Volts
In voltage functions, signal flow for input divider Z1 begins with the unknown voltage at
the T input, which is connected to the high end of the 9.996-M resistor (pin 1 of
Z1) through R1 and RT1. In ac volts, C1 is also connected in series. In dc volts, C1 is
shorted by S1 (contacts 3 and 4). Internal switches connect the 9.996-M and 1.1111M resistors (pin 2 to pin 3 of Z1). The low end of the 1.1111-M resistor (pin 7 of Z1)
is connected to COM through S1 contacts 1 and 2, producing the divide-by-10 ratio used
in the 400 mV ac, 4V ac, and 4V dc ranges.
For the 40V range, internal switches connect a 101.01-k resistor to provide a divideby-100 ratio. In the 300.0V range, 10.01 k is used for a divide-by-1000 ratio. And a
1.0001-k resistor is used in the 300V range to provide a divide-by-10000 ratio.
The internal switch resistance connecting the 1.1111 M and 9.996 M with the other
resistors is approximately 4 k. Since the a/d converter senses the voltage at APV1 of
U4 (pin 3 of Z1), the internal switch resistance adds to the 9.996-M resistor, making
for a circuit total of 10 M.
2-8.
Ohms
In the 400-ohm range the internal switches connect the 9.996-M resistor (pin 2 of Z1)
to the 1.0001-k resistor (pin 6 of Z1); contacts 5 and 3 of S1 connect the remaining
ends to these resistors, making a reference resistor of 1 k. Again, the 4-k internal
switch resistance adds to the 9.996 M.
The source voltage is connected internally at both APV0 and APV4 of U4. The current is
routed through the 1.0001-k and 9.996-M resistors, into S1 at contacts 3 and 5, out of
S1 at contact 4, through R1 and RT1, out the T input, through the unknown
resistance, and back to COM. The same current flows through the unknown resistance
and the reference resistor. The voltage dropped across the unknown resistance is sensed
from the T input jack through R2 and S1 (contacts 11 and 12) to AP1 of U4.
The a/d converter senses the voltage drop across the 1K reference resistor through the
low (AP2 of U4 through R13) and high (APV0 and APV4) points. These two voltages
are used by the a/d converter to perform a ratiometric measurement.
For the 4-k range, the 10.010-k resistor used in parallel with the 9.996-M resistor
forms a 10-k reference resistor. In the 40-k range, 101.01 k and 9.996 M form a
100-k reference resistor. And in the 400-k range, 1.1111 M and 9.996 M provide
a 1-M reference resistor. The 4 M and 40 M use only the 9.996-M resistor.
2-9.
2-6
Theory of Operation
Detailed Circuit Description
phase occurs following every eight-sample sequence. Therefore, each digital display
update requires 240 ms, approximating 4 updates per second.
Basic a/d conversion elements and waveforms are shown in Figure 2-2. As this figure
shows, a residual charge is retained by the integrator capacitor due to the overshoot past
the true-zero base line. In the absence of an autozero phase, the residual charge would
normally produce a significant error in the sample taken next. However, a digital
algorithm eliminates the error and accounts for the residual as it propagates through all
eight samples.
Basic timing for the a/d converter is defined as a series of eight integrate read cycles,
followed by a 40-ms autozero phase. However, the 40-M, 400-M, overload recovery,
autoranging, Touch Hold, 100-ms MIN MAX, and rotary switch potentiometer modes all
require variations from the basic timing.
A voltage comparator, with microcomputer configurable offsets, is used for both signal
detection in counter modes and threshold detection in continuity mode. In counter
modes, digital pulses from the voltage comparator are routed to the 16-bit counter.
2-7
88
Service Manual
aad03f.wmf
Theory of Operation
Detailed Circuit Description
microcomputer interface lines. The MIN MAX, Touch Hold, and ZERO (relative) modes
involve additional data processing by the microcomputer to generate the display value.
Note that the microcomputer runs on its own RC clock at a frequency of 525 to 800 kHz
and is asynchronous from the crystal clock.
The microcomputer exercises direct control over the ranging and signal routing analog
switches. A specific word is written to the switch drive register for each function/range
selection. When the Meter is in autorange, the microcomputer determines the correct
range based on the input. In addition, for autoranging during voltage, ohms, or current
measurements, the active filter fast mode is enabled for quick response. In the frequency
or duty cycle mode, pressing the RANGE button causes a range change in the primary
function (volts, amps, etc.) that may change the sensitivity or offset.
The microcomputer sets the required a/d converter mode, which determines the on-chip
analog signal ports to be used for the integrate and de-integrate signals. The
microcomputer also selects one of the three available gain resistors in Z1 for integrate
and de-integrate. All voltage and current conversions use either a 400-mV or a 40-mV
full scale mode. Other modes are used for ohms, 4 M, 40 M, and 400 M. Since the
a/d state machine timing is under direct software control, a mode invoked in another
function or range can use different timing.
Counter measurements are also controlled by the microcomputer section of U4. The
microcomputer initializes the counters, monitors the count accumulation, arms and
disarms the logic signal gating, and calculates the display value from the counter values.
MIN MAX Recording, Touch Hold, and ZERO (relative) are secondary software
functions. This means that the microcomputer performs either a different control
algorithm or a different math routine on the data, as explained below.
In the MIN MAX Recording function, the maximum and minimum readings after
initialization are stored in memory, and a true running average is calculated after
each reading. The running average is updated for a maximum of 36 hours. The user
presses the MIN MAX pushbutton to scroll through the minimum, maximum,
average, and present readings. In the 100 ms MIN MAX mode, a single
measurement sample is used to calculate the display value; in the 1 second MIN
MAX mode, a full resolution conversion is used.
When the Touch Hold function is selected, the microcomputer does not allow a full
resolution conversion to be completed unless the input signal is stable. When a
stable reading occurs, the conversion is completed, and the microcomputer generates
and freezes the corresponding display. The microcomputer now waits for a change in
the signal to exceed a certain threshold, then begins watching for a stable reading
again. Note that a reading is forced when Touch Hold is first selected. Also, open
test lead signals do not update the display.
When the ZERO function is selected, the microcomputer stores the present reading
as an offset. This value is subtracted from all subsequent readings (provided that
they are on scale) to give the display value.
2-11. Peripherals to U4
In addition to input overload protection and input signal conditioning circuits, other
devices peripheral to U4 are needed to support Meter features. The ac converter, active
filter, and a/d converter circuits require off-chip resistors and capacitors. Digital drive
and level-shifting circuits are needed for the beeper drive, quick turn off, and LCD
backlight features. A voltage reference is generated separately from U4, and some
discrete resistors and transistors support the power supply.
2-9
88
Service Manual
2-12. AC Buffer
On the Meter, R14, R15, C5, and C27 are part of the ac buffer circuit that drives the ac
converter and guard. The Meters ac buffer can be configured for an ac gain of 1 or 10.
2-13. AC Converter
The Meters average ac converter uses off-chip components R30, R31, R34, R40, C24,
C28, and C29. This ac converter is a full-wave rectifying converter with a differential
output and gain selected to give a dc output equal to the rms value for a sine wave input.
Filtering is provided by C28 and C29.
2-14. Active Filter
The active filter uses off-chip passive components R17, R18, C8, and C9. It is a second
order, low pass filter with two poles at 5.9 Hz in normal mode that filters input signal
noise and ac ripple from the ac converter, yielding stable a/d converter readings. The
microcomputer can disable the filter completely or enable the filter fast response mode.
2-15. A/D Converter
Pins 8, 9, and 10 on precision resistor network Z1 connect to the three a/d converter gain
resistors. Pin 8 connects to 190 k for a gain of 0.87. Pin 9 connects to 160 k for a
gain of 1, and pin 10 connects to 16 k for a gain of 10. Pin 11 is the common
connection. The autozero capacitor (C10) stores op amp and comparator offsets. The
integration capacitor is C11.
2-16. Beeper
Devices Q9, Q11, R56, R57 and CMOS hex inverter U6 make up the double-ended
beeper drive circuit. Transistor Q12 is connected to provide quick microcomputer power
down when the Meter is turned off.
2-17. Reference Voltage
The system reference voltage (1.235V) is generated by VR1 and R44. The 1.000V
reference voltage for the a/d converter is supplied through U4-1 (REFI). This voltage is
adjusted by R21, the dc calibration potentiometer. In addition to generating the a/d
reference, the VR1 voltage is used for power supply reference, voltage comparator
selectable offset generation, and the ohms source level.
2-18. Power Supply
The power supply consists of two regulators, one shunt and one series, which set VDD at
+3.0V and VSS at -3.2V for all battery voltages down to 6.7V. The shunt (common)
regulator sets |VDGND - VSS| (VDGND = COM = 0V) and consists of an
uncompensated op amp and large current shunt devices integrated on U4. Resistors R37
and R38 provide voltage division. The series (VDD) regulator, which sets |VDD VDGND|, is made up of another on-chip, uncompensated op amp, along with devices
Q3, R24, and R25. Q3 is the series regulator element, and R24 and R25 are for voltage
sensing. Capacitors C14 and C21 provide circuit compensation and power supply
decoupling for the shunt and series regulators, respectively. Voltage level information is
presented in Table 2-1. See Figure 3-7 for a simplified schematic of the power supply.
2-10
Theory of Operation
Detailed Circuit Description
VDD
3.0 0.3
VSS
3.2 0.3
VBT+
3.5 0.3
VBT-
REFH
1.235 0.012
PS0
1.235 0.015
PS1
0 0.15
AP6
-0.5 to -0.15
VOA
VOB
2-19. Display
The liquid-crystal display (LCD) operates under direct control of the microcomputer.
Characters are generated by the computer and displayed on the LCD. Both digital
readings and the analog pointer are displayed in conjunction with annunciators. The
Fluke 88 features a transflective LCD with a light-emitting diode (LED) backlight. Refer
to the Fluke 88 Users Manual for a more detailed description of the display.
2-20. Rotary Knob Switch and Potentiometer
Input signals are routed from the overload protection circuits to a double-sided swtch
wafer, which provides the necessary switching to implement the various signal
conditioning. The function-encoding potentiometer is attached to the associated rotary
switch shaft. After turn on, or a knob position change, U4 performs a voltage ratio
measurement on this potentiometer to determine the new function. See Figure 2-3.
2-11
88
Service Manual
aad4f.tif
2-12
Chapter 3
Maintenance
Title
3-1.
3-2.
3-3.
3-4.
3-5.
3-6.
3-7.
3-8.
3-9.
3-10.
3-11.
3-12.
3-13.
3-14.
3-15.
3-16.
3-17.
3-18.
3-19.
3-20.
3-21.
3-22.
3-23.
3-24.
3-25.
3-26.
3-27.
3-28.
3-29.
3-30.
3-31.
3-32.
Introduction ..........................................................................................
Required Tools and Equipment............................................................
Operator Maintenance ..........................................................................
Disassembing the Case.....................................................................
Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Assembly...........................
Reassembling the Case.....................................................................
Replacing the Battery.......................................................................
Testing Fuses ...................................................................................
Replacing Fuses ...............................................................................
Cleaning ...........................................................................................
Input Terminals............................................................................
Function Encoding Potentiometer ...............................................
Performance Test..................................................................................
Testing the Display ..........................................................................
Testing Function Selection (Rotary Switch)....................................
Testing the AC Voltage Function ....................................................
Testing the Frequency Counter Function.........................................
Testing Frequency Sensitivity and Trigger Level............................
Testing the DC Voltage Function ....................................................
Testing the DC mV Function ...........................................................
Testing the Ohms Function ..............................................................
Testing the Diode Test Function......................................................
Testing the mA Functions ................................................................
Testing the Amp Functions ..............................................................
Testing the Inductive Pickup............................................................
Calibration............................................................................................
Troubleshooting the Power Supply ......................................................
Common (Shunt) Regulator Troubleshooting..................................
VDD (Series) Regulator Troubleshooting .......................................
Troubleshooting a Function Selection Malfunction.............................
Meter Does Not Turn Off (Problem 1) ............................................
Meter Enters Wrong Function (Problem 2) .....................................
Page
3-3
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-7
3-7
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-9
3-10
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-12
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-14
3-14
3-18
3-19
3-21
3-23
3-23
3-24
3-24
3-1
88
Service Manual
3-2
Maintenance
Introduction
3-1. Introduction
Warning
Service procedures described in section 3 should performed by
qualified service personnel only. To avoid electrical shock, do
not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do so.
Chapter 3 covers the following procedures:
Maintenance
Disassembly and reassembly
Performance testing
Calibration
Troubleshooting to the component level
Required Characteristics
AC Voltage Range: 0-1000V ac
Accuracy: 0.3%
Recommended Model
Fluke 5500A
Triangle Wave
N Cycle (Single Cycle)
1 MHz
20 V Output unterminated
Oscilloscope
Philips PM 3055
Adapter
10-Ohms Resistor
1%
NA
14-AWG Wire
1-ft, insulated
NA
3-3
88
Service Manual
DMM Calibrator
Function Generator
Oscilloscope
Frequency
Accuracy
Sensitivity
Trigger Level
DC Voltage
mV DC
Ohms
Diode Test
mA
RPM/Inductive Pickup
aad05f.tif
3-4
Maintenance
Operator Maintenance
3-4.
3-5.
3-5
88
Service Manual
aad06f.wmf
3-6.
3-6
Maintenance
Operator Maintenance
2. Dress the battery leads so that they will not be pinched between the case top and
bottom.
3. Ensure that the gasket remains secured to the case bottom.
4. Starting with the two snaps at the display end and finishing at the terminal end,
cradle the case top into the gasket.
5. Reinstall the three screws from the case bottom.
6. Execute the PERFORMANCE TEST procedures later in Chapter 3.
3-7.
WWarning
To avoid false readings, which could lead to possible electric
shock or personal injury, replace the battery as soon as the
battery indicator (B) appears.
The meter is powered by a single 9 V battery (NEDA 1604, 6F22, or 006P). Referring to
Figure 3-1, perform the following procedure to replace the battery:
1. Remove the Meter case as described previously under "Disassembling the Case".
2. Lift the battery from the case bottom, and carefully unsnap the battery from the
battery connector.
3. Snap the battery connector to the terminals of a new battery and reinsert the battery
into the case bottom. Dress the battery leads so that they will not be pinched between
the case bottom and case top.
4. Reassemble the Meter as described under "Reassembling the Case".
3-8.
Testing Fuses
Perform the following procedure to test the internal fuses of the Meter.
1. Set the Meter rotary switch to m .
2. Plug a test lead into the z input terminal, and touch the probe to the A input
terminal. Because the receptacles of the input terminals contain split contacts, be
sure that you touch the probe to the half of the receptacle contact that is nearest the
LCD.
3. The display should read between 00.0 and 00.5 ohms. This tests F2 (15 A, 600 V). If
the display reads OL (overload), replace the fuse and test again. If the display reads
any other value, further servicing is required.
4. Move the probe from the A input terminal to the mA input terminal. Touch the half
of the receptacle that is nearest the LCD.
5. The display should read between 0.995 k and 1.005 k. This procedure tests F1 (1
A, 600 V). If the display reads a high resistance or OL (overload), replace the fuse
and test again. If the display reads any other value, further servicing is required.
3-9.
Replacing Fuses
Warning
To prevent equipment damage or injury, install ONLY specified
replacement fuses with the amperage, voltage, interrupt, and
speed ratings listed in the List of Replaceable Parts later in this
manual.
3-7
88
Service Manual
Referring to Figures 3-1 and 3-2, perform the following procedure to examine or replace
the meters fuses:
1. Perform steps 1 through 3 of the battery replacement procedure.
2. Remove the defective fuse by gently prying one end of the fuse loose and sliding the
fuse out of the fuse bracket.
3. Install a new fuse of the same size and rating. Make sure the new fuse is centered in
the fuse holder.
4. Make sure that the Meter rotary switch and circuit board switch are in the OFF
position.
5. Ensure that the gasket remains secured to the case bottom. Then, starting with the
two snaps at the display end and finishing at the terminal end, cradle the case top
into the gasket.
6. Reinstall the three screws from the case bottom.
3-10. Cleaning
Warning
To avoid electrical shock or damage to the meter, never allow
water inside the case. To avoid damaging the meters housing,
never use solvents on the meter.
If the Meter requires cleaning, wipe it with a cloth that is lightly dampened with water or
a mild detergent. Do not use aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, or methanolbased fluids on the Meter.
3-8
Maintenance
Performance Test
4. Reassemble the circuit assembly, shields, and case parts as described previously in
this section under "Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Assembly" and
"Reassembling the Case".
5. Execute the PERFORMANCE TEST after reassembly.
AUTO
_
RECORD
RANGE
MAX
MIN AVG
TRIG
20
_
+
310 2
H AC
m s
T m
M k
RPM
8
DC
_
%+
V A
Hz
1
420
4000
mV
aad07f.eps
3-9
88
Service Manual
G
^B
[B
Display (12)
n/a
0
-32
-64
-96
-128
-160
-192
3-10
Maintenance
Performance Test
Display Reading
Limits
Step
Voltage
350.0 mV
60 Hz
343.7 to 356.3
350.0 mV
1 kHz
343.7 to 356.3
350.0 mV
5 kHz
342.3 to 357.7
3.500 V
60 Hz
3.442 to 3.558
3.500 V
1 kHz
3.442 to 3.558
3.500 V
5 kHz
3.428 to 3.572
35.00 V
60 Hz
34.42 to 35.58
35.00 V
1 kHz
34.42 to 35.58
35.00 V
5 kHz
34.28 to 35.72
10
350.0 V
60 Hz
344.2 to 355.8
11
350.0 V
1 kHz
344.2 to 355.8
12
350.0 V
5 kHz
342.8 to 357.2
13
900 V
60 Hz
872 to 928
14
900 V
5 kHz
872 to 928
Frequency
Display Reading
Limits
150 mV rms
19.000 kHz
18.997 to 19.003
150 mV rms
190.00 kHz
189.97 to 190.03
3-11
88
Service Manual
Range
Amplitude (RMS)
Frequency
Display Reading
4 V ac
300 mV ac
1 kHz
999.8 - 1000.2
4 V dc
1.7 V ac
1 kHz
999.8 - 1000.2
4 V dc
1.0 V ac
1 kHz
0000
40 V dc
6.0 V ac
1 kHz
999.8 - 1000.2
40 V dc
2.0 V ac
1 kHz
0000
DC Input Voltage
Display Reading
3.500 V
3.493 to 3.507
35.00 V
34.93 to 35.07
-35.00 V
-34.93 to -35.07
350.0 V
349.3 to 350.7
1000 V
995 to 1005
3-12
Maintenance
Performance Test
Resistance
Display Readings
190.0
189.5 to 190.5
19.00 k
18.95 to 19.05
1.900 M
1.895 to 1.905
19.00 M
18.78 to 19.22
100 M
97 to 103
88
Service Manual
5. Apply the inputs in steps 3 through 6 and compare the display reading with the
values shown.
Table 3-8. Milliamp Tests
Step
DC mA
Display Readings
35.00 mA
34.70 to 35.30
350.0 mA
347.0 to 353.0
AC mA
Frequency
Display Readings
35.00 mA
60 Hz
33.85 to 36.15
35.00 mA
1.0 kHz
33.85 to 36.15
350.0 mA
60 Hz
339.0 to 361.0
350.0 mA
1.0 kHz
339.0 to 361.0
DC Amps
Display Readings
3500 mA
3470 to 3530
10.00 A
9.85 to 10.15
AC Amps
3
Frequency
Display Readings
3500 mA
60 Hz
3442 to 3558
3500 mA
1.0 kHz
3442 to 3558
10.00 A
60 Hz
9.80 to 10.20
10.00 A
1.0 kHz
9.80 to 10.20
3-14
Maintenance
Performance Test
10 ms
Mode
Range
2M
Waveform
Triangle
Start Phase
-pi/2
Period
x1
Std By/Cont
Cont
50 Ohm
AM/FM Depth
Off
Attenuation
None
Duty Cycle
Out
DC Offset
In
Frequency
0.666 MHz
88
Service Manual
16. Set the scope for 5.0 ms/DIV and return the variable voltage gain control to the
calibrated (CAL) position.
17. Turn the inductive pickup so that "SPARK PLUG SIDE" points along the wire
connected to the LOW output of the function generator. Check that the waveform is
less than 2V.
FUNCTION GENERATOR
OSCILLOSCOPE
CH1
CH2
10
RESISTOR
OUTPUT
RED
WIRE LOOP
(14 AWG)
DE
SI
U
PL
AR
SP
INDUCTIVE
PICKUP
aad08f.eps
3-16
Maintenance
Performance Test
aad09f.wmf
3-17
88
Service Manual
3-26. Calibration
Calibrate the meter once a year to ensure that it performs according to specifications.
Connect the calibrator to the z and COM inputs on the Meter. Calibration
adjustment points are identified in Figure 3-6.
Perform the following procedure to calibrate the Meter:
1. Set the source for volts dc, 0V.
2. Set the Meter rotary switch to F V. Press RANGE three times to select the 4V DC
range.
3. Connect the source to the z and COM inputs on the Meter.
4. Set the source for 3.500V dc output.
5. The Meter should display 3.500 0.001. If necessary, adjust R21 to obtain the proper
display.
6. Set the Meter rotary switch to BV, then set the source for an output of 3.500V at 100
Hz.
7. The Meter should display 3.500 0.002. If necessary, adjust R34 to obtain the
proper display.
8. Set the source for an output of 3.500V at 10 kHz.
9. The Meter should display 3.500 0.010. If necessary, adjust C2 toobtain the proper
display.
10. Push RANGE once to put the unit in the 40V AC range.
11. Set the source for an output of 35 V at 10 kHz.
12. The Meter should display 35.00 0.10. If necessary, adjust C3 to obtain the proper
display.
3-18
Maintenance
Troubleshooting the Power Supply
C3
R34
C2
R21
aad10f.eps
3-19
88
Service Manual
Function
Q3
Q8
Q10
CR5
VR1
C14
C21
C32
Q8 gate bypass.
C35
R24, R25
R37, R38
R44
R54
3-20
VDD
3.0 0.3
VSS
3.2 0.3
VBT+
3.5 0.3
VBT-
REFH
1.235 0.012
PS0
1.235 0.015
PS1
0 0.15
AP6
-0.5 to -0.15
VOA
VOB
Maintenance
Troubleshooting the Power Supply
3-21
88
Service Manual
aad11f.tif
3-22
Maintenance
Troubleshooting a Function Selection Malfunction
3-23
88
Service Manual
1. The Meter will not turn off when the rotary switch is in the OFF position.
OR
2. The Meter does not enter the function indicated by the rotary switch setting.
Both of these problems can be intermittent and can be caused by different malfunctions.
3-24
Chapter 4
Title
4-1.
4-2.
4-3.
4-4.
4-5.
4-6.
Introduction ..........................................................................................
How to Obtain Parts .............................................................................
Manual Status Information...................................................................
Newer Instruments................................................................................
Service Centers.....................................................................................
Parts Lists .............................................................................................
Page
4-3
4-3
4-3
4-4
4-4
4-4
4-1
88
Service Manual
4-2
4-1. Introduction
This chapter contains an illustrated list of replaceable parts for the Fluke 88 Automotive
Meter. Parts are listed by assembly; alphabetized by reference designator. Each assembly
is accompanied by an illustration showing the location of each part and its reference
designator. The parts lists give the following information:
Reference designator
Description
Total quantity
Part number and revision level of the pca containing the part.
Reference designator
Quantity
4-3
88
Service Manual
Reference designator
An indication if the part is subject to damage by static discharge
Description
Fluke stock number
Total quantity
Any special notes (i.e., factory-selected part)
Caution
A * symbol indicates a device that may be damaged by static
discharge.
Note
This instrument may contain a Nickel-Cadmium battery. Do not mix with
the solid waste stream. Spent batteries should be disposed of by a qualified
recycler or hazardous materials handler. Contact your authorized Fluke
service center for recycling information.
Warning
This instrument contains a fusible resistor (pn 832550). To
ensure safety, use exact replacement only.
Manual Status Information
Assembly
A1 Main PCA
4-4
Revision Level
N
Fluke PN
N/A
614487
609922
822676
822791
830828
820829
832220
832246
817460
930300
824516
822635
824524
666641
203106
880815
822643
824466
828541
831933
822809
890368
880828
875661
885939
880831
876776
876110
871298
879051
666856
666842
666849
868088
Qty
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
Notes
1
4-5
88
Service Manual
aad12f.wmf
4-6
Description
CAP,POLYES,.01UF,+-10%,1000V
CAP,VAR,3-11PF,100V,CER
CAP,VAR,9-90PF,50V,CER
CAP,CER,430PF,+-2%,50V, COG,1206
CAP,TA,15UF,+-20%,6.3V
CAP,POLYCA,0.027UF,+-10%,63V
CAP,POLYES,0.47UF,+-10%,50V
CAP,POLYPR,0.022UF,+-10%,63V
CAP,TA,47UF,+-20%,10V,7343
CAP,CER,0.1UF,+-10%,25V,X7R,1206
CAP,CER,22PF,+-10%,50V,COG,1206
CAP,CER,6.8PF,+-10%,50V,C0G,1206
CAP,CER,5.6PF,+-0.25PF,1500V,COH
CAP,CER,1000PF,+-10%,50V,COG,1206
CAP,TA,10UF,+-20%,10V
CAP,CER,130PF,+-10%,50V,COG,1206
CAP,TA,0.47UF,+-20%,35V,3528
CAP,CER,220PF,+-10%,50V,COG,1206
CAP,CER,0.01UF,+-10%,50V,X7R,1206
CAP,TA,4.7UF,+-20%,10V,3528
CAP,CER,68PF,+-10%,50V,COG,1206
CAP,CER,150PF,+/-5%,50V,COG,0805
DIODE,SI,1K PIV,1.0 AMP
* DIODE,SI,BV=70.0V,IO=50MA,DUAL,SOT23
SURGE PROTECTOR,1500V,+-20%
INPUT RCPT ASSY
SOCKET,1 ROW,PWB,0.l00CTR,2 POS
* TRANSISTOR,SI,NPN,SELECT IEBO,SOT23
* TRANSISTOR,SI,NPN,SMALL SIGNAL,SOT23
* TRANSISTOR,SI,PNP,SMALL SIGNAL,SOT23
* TRANSISTOR,SI,N-DMOS FET,SOT23
* TRANSISTOR,SI,P-CHAN,SOT23
* TRANSISTOR,SI,NPN,SMALL SIGNAL,SOT23
RES,MF,lK,+-1%,100PPM,FLMPRF,FUSIBLE
* RES,CERM,909K,+-1%,2W,100PPM
* RES,CERM,1.5K,+-5%,.125W,200PPM,1206
RES JUMPER,0.02,0.25W
RES,WW,.991,+-.1%,2.5W
RES,WW,.010,+-.1%,1W,100PPM
* RES,CERM,1M,+-5%,1W,200PPM
* RES,CERM,0,+.05 MAX,.125W,1206
* RES,CERM,100K,+-5%,.125W,200PPM,1206
* RES,CERM,10M,+-5%,.125W,300PPM,1206
* RES,CERM,10K,+-5%,.125W,200PPM,1206
RES,MF,10K,+-0.1%,0.125W,100PPM
RES,MF,90K,+-0.1%,0.125W,100PPM
* RES,CERM,1M,+-5%,.125W,200PPM,1206
* RES,CERM,107K,+-1%,.125W,100PPM,1206
* RES,CERM,412K,+-1%,.125W,100PPM,1206
RES,VAR,CERM,100K,+-20%,.3W
Fluke PN
822361
641712
643130
851816
807636
720979
697409
821579
867580
747287
740563
747295
851811
747378
714766
911227
867259
758078
747261
867262
853861
866533
707075
742320
655134
826214
832634
821637
742676
742684
830851
832477
912469
832550
831594
746438
682575
821645
807305
912589
810747
740548
783274
746610
658955
658906
746826
875224
875229
649897
Qty
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
3
4
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
2
7
1
1
4
1
1
1
Notes
4-7
88
Service Manual
4-8
8x-3021
aad14f.eps
4-9
88
Service Manual
4-10
Chapter 5
Schematic Diagrams
5-1
88
Service Manual
5-2
J1
R2
5%
5%
1% 2W
909K
R43
1K
0.1%
MF
600V
1A
F1
1W
1M
R7
1W
1M
R10
600V
15A
F2
MECCA2
VOLTS/ O H M S
J1
MILLI/MICRO
AMPS
J1
10 AMPS
COM
J1
COM
CR1
U1
VM08
1%
4
1K
R1
R48
10M
R4
0.25W
C26
0.01
50V
C
R8
0
+.05MAX
C5
15
6.3V
T
+t
MF
1.5K
FLAGNOTE
30%
1500V
20%
E1
C29
0.47
35V
T
C28
0.47
35V
T
RV2
910V
10%
Q14
MMBT6429
RV1
910V
10%
10
S1
REAR
AP5(88)
AP4(89)
AP3(91)
CURRENT SIGNAL
CONDITIONING
0.25W
0.02
0.25%
MF
R46
R11
10M
10K
R12
RT1
0.02
100K
VDD
C31
0.01
50V
C
R9 D
R5
.991
.1%
2.5W
WW
MECCA2
MF
R6
.010
.1%
1W
0.1%
SHIELD
E2
10K
120PF
50V
5% C
0.25%
MF
R40
22.6K
0.25%
MF
20K
90K
0.1%
MF
R14
R31
22.6K
R30
C27
R34
1K
20%
.3W
CW
R15
10
10V
C24
1N4007
COM
1K
BRIDGE
AVERAGE
A/C COUNTER
12
11
S1
FRONT
AGND(2)
AP0(97)
ACBM(84)
ACBO(83)
VSS
CR7
BAV99
R58
120K
R59
510
82K
CR8
BAV99
R20
PDS
VBT-
1%
412K
Q1
MPS6560
0.01
1000V
M
C1
9.996M
1.1111M
101.01K
10.010K
1.0001K
Z1
BT1
9V
Q8
C30
220pF
50V
C
Q6
MPS6560
1.5K
R3
CR5
BAV99
CR4
1N4007
1K
POWER SUPPLY
1%
R19
107K
R44
REFERENCE
VR1
1.23V
C35
4.7
10V
T
AVAM(82)
VDD
AVAOP(80)
Q2
MMBT6429 MPS6560
Q13
10K
R67
AVAOM(81)
C39
150PF
50V
C
CW
C14
47
10V
T
R38
536K
1%
324K
1%
R24
R37
205K
1%
Q10
R29
100K
R13
68PF
50V
C
3-11pF
100V
C
C2
9-90pF
50V C
C3
C22
1500V
C4
470PF
50V
5%
5.6pF
+/-0.25pF
C20
6.8PF
50V C
C19
1000PF
50V
C
C36
100K
SST175
R25
210K
1%
SIGNAL CONDITIONING
VSS
VDD
C21
47
10V
T
Q3
MMBT3904
R21
100K
20%
.3W
APCC(100)
APV0(99)
APV1(98)
APV2(96)
APV3(95)
APV4(94)
AP2(92)
AP1(93)
PS0(7)
VBT+
PS1(6)
VSS
VDD
PS2(5)
REFI(1)
REFH(3)
Schematic Diagrams
FLUKE 88-1221
(1 of 2)
aad15f.eps
5-3
100K
R53
VSS
C18
22pF
50V
C
131.072KHz
Y1
C17
22pF
50V
C
VSS
R57
22K
VBT-
R56
22K
1
S0(20)
S1(21)
S2(22)
S3(23)
S4(24)
S5(25)
S6(26)
S7(27)
S8(28)
S9(29)
S10(30)
TP1
P23
OSCIN
OSCOUT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
VSS
VSS
VBT-
REFI(1)
AGND(2)
REFH(3)
VDD
PS2(5)
PS1(6)
PS0(7)
R35
665K
1%
0
R47
R41
VDD
Q7
MMBT3904
Q5
MMBT3906
TP2
2
BACKLIGHT
J2
VBT+
MMBT3906
Q11
VBT-
U6
CD4069
U6
CD4069
U6
CD4069
13
11
LS1
U6
REFI
AGND
REFH
VDD
PS2
PS1
PS0
BIAS
P20
P21
P22
OSCIN
OSCOUT
DGND
P23
P30
P31
P32
P33
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
U4
SMX88
AVAOP
AFI
FAI
FAO
AFO
K0
K1
K2
AZ
INT
P13
P12
P11
P10
P03
P02
P01
H4
H3
H2
H1
CK2
CK1
P00
TEST
RESET*
S31
S30
S29
VOB
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
12
U6
10
U6
CD4069
CD4069
CD4069
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
MMBT3904
Q9
APCC(100)
APV0(99)
APV1(98)
AP0(97)
APV2(96)
APV3(95)
APV4(94)
AP1(93)
AP2(92)
AP3(91)
VSS
AP4(89)
AP5(88)
VBT+
ACBM(84)
ACBO(83)
PDS
AVAOM(81)
BEEPER
D
TP5
VSS
Q12
MMBT3904
VOA
0.1
25V
C
VOB
C15
TEST
RESET
S31(54)
S30(53)
S29(52)
AVAOP(80)
VBT+
C38
4.7
10V
T
K0(75)
K1(74)
K2(73)
AZ(72)
INT(71)
10K
R66
10K
R65
10K
R64
10K
R63
10K
R62
10K
R61
vss
0.1
25V
C
C16
TP7
AFO
AFI
FAI
FAO
AP6(87)
P03(66)
mA/A
uA
OFF
VAC
VDC
mVDC
VBT-
TP6
1
7
8
9
10
11
4
<>
S2
VBT-
10
0.01
50V
C
C33
R54
1M
C32
0.1
25V
C
R17
1M
C8
0.027
63V
PC
S31(54)
S30(53)
S29(52)
S28(49)
S27(48)
S26(47)
S25(46)
S24(45)
S23(44)
S22(43)
S21(42)
S20(41)
S19(39)
S18(38)
S17(37)
S16(36)
S15(35)
S14(34)
S13(33)
S12(32)
S11(31)
S10(30)
S9(29)
S8(28)
S7(27)
S6(26)
S5(25)
S4(24)
S3(23)
S2(22)
S1(21)
S0(20)
H4(63)
H3(62)
H2(61)
H1(60)
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
C10
0.47
50V
M
S31
S30
S29
S28
S27
S26
S25
S24
S23
S22
S21
S20
S19
S18
S17
S16
S15
S14
S13
S12
S11
S10
S9
S8
S7
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
1&2(PS)
2,3&4(PS)
4b,4c
RECORD
3g
3b
2g
2b
1g
1b
0g
0b
Hz
M
K
p29
p26
p21
p18
p13
p10
p5
p2
TRIG
(horn)
RANGE
3f
3a
2f
2a
1f
1a
0f
0a
MAX
p28
p27
p20
p19
p12
p11
p4
p3
U5
RPM
r40
H2
S4
RPM
S9
ps
r4
rmv
H1
C11
0.022
63V
PP
YELLOW
S7
MIN/MAX
1M
R18
C9
0.027
63V
PC
ACTIVE FILTER
PDS
A/D CONVERTER
11
P12(69)
P11(68)
P10(67)
P00(57)
P02(65)
P01(64)
16.5835K
166.06K
190K
Z1
0.01
50V
C
C34
R42
1M
VSS
VBT+
CODE SWITCHING
APCC
APV0
APV1
AP0
APV2
APV3
APV4
AP1
AP2
AP3
VSS2
AP4
AP5
AP6
AP7
AP8
ACBM
ACBO
AVAM
AVAOM
S11
S12
S13
S14
S15
S16
S17
S18
S19
VSS1
S20
S21
S22
S23
S24
S25
S26
S27
S28
VOA
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
20
5-4
21
T
m
V
A
DC
dp1
3d
dp10
2d
dp100
1d
dp1000
0d
MIN
3e
3c
2e
2c
1e
1c
0e
0c
AVG
H
ms
%
+(%)
-(%)
AC
p31
p24
p23
p16
p15
p8
p7
p0
-(ps)
(delta)
(smooth)
p30
p25
p22
p17
p14
p9
p6
p1
+(ps)
AUTO
battery
H4
2(RPM)
r4000
mV
1(RPM)
r400
H3
S5
%DUTY
S10
ZERO
S8
RANGE
36
CRYSTAL
LCD86_88
S3
ALERT
TP3
TP4
S6
HOLD
88
Service Manual
FLUKE 88-1221
(2 of 2)
aad16f.eps