Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF A POST-TENSION SLAB-ON-GRADE
Frank Haas
DATE WRITTEN: MAY OF 2005
AUTHOR PAGE
The author is Frank Haas, currently a freelance Estimator and
owner of Haas Estimating Service, an estimating consulting
service in Houston, Texas specializing in multi-family projects.
In addition to his recent organization of Haas Estimating
Service, Frank has been estimating in the multi-family industry
for over twelve years serving as Senior Estimator, Estimator and
Project Manager with companies such as Fairfield
Development, Carbon Development, C.F. Jordan and Greystar
Development and Construction. His duties included the
development of estimating systems to assist in completing
material take-offs of multi-family projects and the use of these
systems to compile complete estimates for various multi-family
projects. He has worked in the multi-family market in Dallas
and Houston, Texas as well as working on multi-family projects
all over the United States. He earned a BS in Construction
Management from Texas A&M University in 1989.
are office and apartment buildings, parking garages, slab-ongrade, bridges, sport stadiums and water tanks. In most cases,
post-tensioning is the only possible solution with site constraints
or architectural requirements. Larger spacing between
tendons, less reinforcement steel required and reduction of
cracking (where there are expansive clays or soils with low
bearing capacity) are among some of the advantages to using
post-tension slab-on-grade construction
.
Main CSI Division Division 3 - Concrete
03050 Basic Concrete Material and Methods
03100 Concrete Forms and Accessories
03200 Concrete Reinforcement
03210 Reinforcing Steel
03230 Stressing Tendons
03250 Post Tensioning
03300 Cast-in-Place Concrete
03310 Structural Concrete
03350 Concrete Finishing
03380 Post-Tensioned Concrete
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Introduction
Main CSI Divisions
Brief description
Type and methods of measurements
Factors that may affect take-off and pricing
Effect of small quantities versus large quantities
Effect of geographical location
Seasonal effect on the work
Overview of labor, equipment, material and indirect
costs
Special risk consideration
Ratios and analysis tools to test the bid
Miscellaneous pertinent information
Sample Sketch
Sample take-off and pricing
References
Introduction
Post-Tensioning is a method of reinforcing concrete by steel
cables, housed in plastic sheathing placed in the slab. These
cables or tendons, as they are referred to, are stressed to a
specified force after the concrete reaches the specified
strength. Prestressing concrete has internal stresses or forces
induced into it during the construction phase for counteracting
the anticipated external loads that it will encounter during the
structure life. Some of the construction uses for post-tensioning
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION
The post-tension slab-on-grade foundation is a foundation,
placed directly on the ground using post-tension cables to
overcome the compression force of the structure. The
foundation includes components such as reinforcement steel,
post tension tendons, vapor barrier, concrete accessories
(anchor bolts) and concrete.
TYPES AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS
There are four major categories of a post-tension slab-on-grade
estimate. Each of these categories requires a different type of
method of measurement. These categories are:
Grade beam excavation
Formwork
Post Tension Reinforcement
Concrete
The standard measurement for grade beam excavation
(trenching) is cubic yards (cyd). The formula for calculating
cyds of concrete is:
(L x W x D) / 27
L = Length of Beam
W = Width of Beam
D = Depth of Beam
The standard measurement of concrete formwork is square feet
of contact area (SFCA). This is the way that labor is applied to
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VAPOR BARRIER
The vapor barrier is placed between the gravel and the slab is
usually included in the concrete takeoff. The vapor barrier has
two uses in a post-tension slab-on-grade. First, it serves to keep
the moisture in the concrete after placement to ensure proper
curing; and second, it keeps moisture out of the building after it
has been constructed. The vapor barrier material is typically
polyethylene plastic, usually 4 to 6 millimeter (mm). It usually is
purchased in widths of four to 20 feet and lengths of 100 feet.
Example: - Estimating the vapor barrier
In the previous example, use 20 ft wide x 100 feet long rolls.
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BACKUP STEEL
With any Post-Tension System, there is a requirement for a
minimum amount of bonded steel to hold the anchor ends in
place. Two #4 continuous rebar is required behind all posttension anchors to hold them in place. There are also
requirements of some tensile steel in the slab to strengthen the
tensile strength of the concrete prior to the stressing of the tendons.
Stakes are required in the beams to hold the tendons in place
prior to the placement of the concrete. A post-tension supplier
does not usually furnish backup steel. However, the required
tonnage of backup steel for a post-tension slab can be calculated
by multiplying the square footage (SF) of the slab by .20.
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REFERENCES
Post-Tensioning Manual Fifth Edition by Post-Tensioning Institute
Means Estimating Handbook
Concrete Principles by Thomas P. Fahl
2005 National Construction Estimator
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