INSTITUTO POLITCNICO NACIONAL

ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE CMPUTO

Fundamental Analysis Circuit Laboratory

PRACTICE 7
Analysis Of Nodes

Group: 1CM1

Team Members:
-

Cervantes Moreno Christian Andres

Lpez Rivera Aiko Dallane
Lpez Snchez Gustavo Andrs
Monsalvo Fuentes Amrica Berenice

Teacher: Alcntara Mndez Alberto Jess

Start Date: 11/May/2016
End Date: 18/May/2016

Team Number: 2

INDICE
OBJECTIVE:.......................................................................................................... 2
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 3
DEVELOPMENT.................................................................................................... 4
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................... 6
CONCLUTIONS..................................................................................................... 7
CALCULATES....................................................................................................... 8
SIMULATED.......................................................................................................... 9

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OBJECTIVE:
The student will apply the method to determine the node voltages present in
an electrical circuit , so that at the end of practice, this in possibilities using this
technique in calculating voltage drops present in networks containing multiple
node.
Equipment:
1 Digital Multimeter
1 Function Generator
1 Oscilloscope
4 Tips caiman - caiman
4 Tips Banana - caiman
3 Tips oscilloscope
BNC -BNC 1 Pin
Cutting pliers
Tweezers

Material:
1 Protoboard.
2 Resistor 1 K to watt.
1 Resistor 120 to watt.
1 Capacitor 0.1F
Wires for connection.

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INTRODUCTION
This practice seeks student to increase their capacities in the analysis of
electrical circuits, in a way that can calculate the voltages in networks
containing multiple nodes. A nodal analysis uses the LCK to determine the
voltages of the nodes, which are defined with respect to a common point, or
datum, in the circuit under analysis node. This node is often one which is
attached the greatest number of branches and commonly called it Earth since
said this to a potential of ground zero, and sometimes represents the chassis or
earth in a practical circuit line. In this type of analysis, the variables in the
circuit are chosen as the node voltages.
These variables are selected as positive with respect to the reference node, so
that, if any of the voltages of the nodes is really negative with respect to the
reference node, the analysis will indicate this. Since the existence of a voltage
is defined between two nodes, to the reference node should be associated him
in a voltage with each of the other nodes, and each different node with respect
to the reference voltage is defined as voltage node, being understood that
node the point of connection of two or more circuit elements. In a circuit
containing N nodes, there will be N-1 node voltages to determine, through the
application of the law of currents of Kirchhoff circuit N-1 nodes, giving us N-1
linearly independent equations. As shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Application of the nodal analysis

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DEVELOPMENT
1- Applying the method of nodes to the circuit of Figure 2, so find
theoretical (analytical method), the corresponding current values that
they ask and record them on certain points in Table 1.

Figure 2
2- Without even turning the voltage source, connect the circuit of Figure 2,
on the breadboard. Once armed, proceed to set the value of rms voltage
and frequency indicated and applied to the circuit through the probes
banana-caiman, source power on.
3- Check the validity of their previous theoretical results by measurement,
with the ammeter, the rms current in the above points and report their
practical values in Table 1.

Mesures

Theoric Values

Mesure Value

Current II 0
41.666 mA
27.18 mA
Current II II
4.828 mA
3.005 mA
Current III 0
4.770 mA
2.726 mA
TABLE 1. The current values and experimental values.
4- The same circuit for voltage rms values both theoretical and
experimental and report them in Table 2.
Mesures

Theoric Values

Mesure Value

Voltage VI 0
5V
3.314 V
Voltage VI II
749.38 mV
513 mV
Voltage VII 0
4.828 V
3.187 V
Table 2. The current values and experimental values.

5- Finally calculate the average power dissipated by each resistor and

record in Table 3.

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Resistors
R1

Average Power Dissapated

R2

O. O 23Watts

R3

2.73 X 103 Watts

1.736 Watts

Table 3. Power dissipated by each of the resistors of the circuit of Figure 2.

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QUESTIONS
1. -Define what is a node in an electrical circuit.
A node is the point of connection between two or more branches or
elements in a circuit.
2. -Define what is the voltage node.
The voltage node is the difference of voltages between the node in
question and the reference node, the voltage in a junction of two or more
elements.
3. -At what it is called reference node?.
In circuits, we usually label a node as the reference node, which also
called ground, and define the other node voltages with respect to this
point. The reference node has a potential of 0 V by definition.
4. Briefly, describe the form what consists method of nodes.
First we have to select a reference node, it's recommendable choose
A node with largest number of elements connected to it, or A node
which is connected to the maximum number of voltage sources That
node will have 0 V.
Second we have to define the direction of current. There are two
possibilities:
When we have an element between two nodes, it's indifferent the
direction of current.
When we have an element between the reference node and other
node, in this case it's recommendable that the direction goes to the
reference node.
Third, we have to do an analyze, node by node, with Kirchhoff's
Current Law. We will have "n - 1" equations (where n it's the number
of nodes) and only we will have to make a system of equations and
then solve it.
Finally, with the value of each node voltage, we have to replace them
in the equations (depend of element) and with appropriate
calculations, we can find the current in each element.
5. Demonstrate mathematically that the rating average in a reactive
element is zero watts.
Proof mathematical that the average power in a reactive element is zero watts.
For sinusoidal form
The average power is:
In

this

case

the

phase

difference

in

reactive

element

is

90:

For that reason the average power in a reactive element is zero watts.

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CONCLUTIONS
a. Cervantes Moreno Christian Andres
i. In is practice learned the importance of getting the voltage of
the elements involved in a circuit, using the method of analysis
of nodes.
ii. As also shown in practice vary much calculations both the
measured and theorists, this is due to that teams usually do
not give a correct answer since they are slightly damaged.
b. Lpez Rivera Aiko Dallane
i. In this practice I had a big problem because I didnt
understand of nodal analysis, but with this practice I could
understand it.
ii. Other factor were calculations, which we did earlier, because
All circuits are different in real life but We could have a
approach.
c. Lpez Snchez Gustavo Andrs
i. Personally I liked the practice, because we check that the
method of node is true, we could see when we measured
voltage and current, and then we compared them with the
simulations, and I think this method helps us when we dont
have idea to what to do in some occasions, or when we don't
have voltage values (except sources). Personally I liked more
this method than the mesh current method. The process was
more easy and more helpful.
d. Monsalvo Fuentes Amrica Berenice
i. This practice taught me to know the importance d perform
preliminary calculations as teams usually do not give a correct
answer.
ii. These kinds of problems are good to understand the margins of
error that can be obtained or applied in a practical use.

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CALCULATES

DATA

VALUE.

DATA

CURRENT

R1

1K

I1

41.666 mA

2
3

R2
R3

1k
120

I2
I3

4.828 mA
4.770 mA

P=I R
2

P1=( 41.666 mA ) ( 1 K )=1.736 Watts

P2=( 4.828 mA )2 ( 1 K ) =O. O 23Watts

2

P3=( 4.770 mA ) ( 120 )=2.73 X 10 Watts

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SIMULATED

II 0

II II

III 0

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VI 0

VI II

VII 0

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