ABSTRACT

There were the opportunities of various project works for the BE 4 th year civil engineering
students. Among various opportunities we planned to select the building project in which
earthquake resistant design and its structural analysis was the main goal to be achieved. The
recent earthquakes in Nepal and different parts of the world have caused loss of human lives and
damage to property due to the collapse of structures. Though an earthquake cannot be prevented,
the loss of life and property can be minimized by taking necessary steps on the the design of
structures to reduce the damages and loss of life too.
Newroad , Pokhara is situated in the moderate seismic risk zone, in the seismic zone map. With
the growing demand of commercial building in this region, most of them are not earthquake
resistant techniques followed. So it has become an integral part to design and analyze an
earthquake resistant commercial buildings to serve the city and its development.
Moreover to this mid period of project, we have completed the site visit and AUTOCAD
drawings of all floor plan along with their elevations which have been attached herewith.

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATION

Symbols

Descriptions

Ac
Ag
Ast
Asc
Asv
D
d
fck
fy
I
Ix, Iy
Hi
K
leff
lx
ly

Area of concrete
Gross area of section
Area of tension reinforcement
Area of compression reinforcement
Area of vertical stirrup
Overall depth of the section
Effective depth of the section
Characteristics compressive strength of concrete
Characteristics yield strength of steel
Importance factor of the structure
Moment of inertia about X and Y axis respectively
Height of the ith floor base of frame
Modification factor for shear stress in slab
Effective length of the element
Span of the slab in the shorter direction
Span of slab in the longer direction

Unsupported length or clear span of element

Lo
Ld

Distance between points of inflection

Development length of the bar

Mu
Mulim
Mux
Muy
P
Pu
Pt
Qi
Sv
SRSS
Ta
V
Vu
Vus
design

Factored moment, design moment for limit state design

Limiting moment of resistance
Factored moment about X-axis
Factored moment about Y-axis
Axial load on the element
Factored axial load or design axial load for limit state design
Percentage of tension reinforcement
storey shear distributed in the ith floor
Spacing of stirrup
Square root of sum of squares.
Estimated natural of fundamental time period of the building in seconds
Shear force
Design shear force for limit sate design, Factored shear force
Strength of shear reinforcement in the limit state of

Vb
Wi
Xu
Xumax

Total base shear

Lump load on the ith floor
Depth of the neutral axis in limit state of collapse
Maximum depth of neutral axis in limit state of design
Coefficient

h
x,y

c
bd
cmax
v

Basic horizontal seismic coefficient

Bending moment coefficient for slab about X- axis and Y-axis respectively
Coefficient depending upon the soil foundation system and span >10m
Coefficient depending upon bf /bw ratio
Coefficient depending upon percentage of compressive reinforcement
Allowable shear stress in concrete
Allowable bond stress in concrete
Allowable maximum shear stress in concrete width shear reinforcement
Nominal shear stress
Diameter of bar
Stress induced