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Ch.

ALTAF HUSAIN jhang,Pakistan

BONY FEATURES

ARTICULAR PROJECTIONS FEATURES EXAMPLE


Head Spherical articular projection Head of femur
Condyle Approximately cylindrical Medial & lateral femoral
articular mass condyles
Trochlea Pulley like articular mass Trochlea of distal humerus
Facet Relatively flat articular surface Articular facets between
carpal bones
Nonarticular
Projections General term for bony Spinous process or
Process projection transverse process of
vertebra
Tuberosity (Tuber) Relatively large nonarticular Deltoid tuberosity of
projection humerus and tuber sacrale of
pelvis
Tubercle(tuberculum) Smaller projection Greater and lesser tubercles
of humerus
Spine Pointed projection or ridge Nasal spine of palatine bone
and spine of scapula
Crest Sharp ridge Median sacral crest
Neck Cylindrical part of bone to Femoral neck
which a head is attached
Line(linea) Small ridge or mark on bone Gluteal lines of ilium
Articular Depressions
Fovea Small depression (may be Fovea capitis on head of
articular or not) femur
Glenoid Cavity Shallow articular concavity Glenoid cavity of scapula
Notch Indentation (may be articular Semilunar notch of ulna and
or not) alar notch of atlas
Nonarticular
Depressions Large nonarticular depression Supraspinous fossa of
Fossa scapula
Foramen Circumscribed hole in bone Foramen magnum at base of
skull
Canal Tunnel through one or more Vertebral canal through
bones length of vertebral column
NERVES OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Nerve Muscles Innervated Cutaneous Distribution


Suprascapular Supraspinatus & infraspinatus No sensory fibers
Pectoral Superficial, deep pectoral No sensory fibers
Subscapular Subscapularis No sensory fibers
Musculocutaneous Biceps brachial Medical aspect of
Coracobrachialis antebrachium, carpus,
Brachialis craniomedial aspect of
metacarpus
Axillary Teres minor et major Deltoid Shoulder region
Radial Triceps brachial Craniolateral aspect
Anconeus ofantebrachium
Extensor carpi radialis
Common and lateral digital
extensors
Ulnaris lateralis
Extensor carpi obliquus
Supinator
Ulnar Flexor carpi ulnaris Caudal aspect of
Deep digital flexor antibrachium, craniolateral
Intrinsic mm of digit(When aspect of Metacarpus,
present) pastern/foot
Medin Flexor carpi radialis Caudal metacarpus,
Superficial and deep digital pastern/foot
flexor pronator ters(When
present)
Thoracodorsal Latissimus dorsi No sensory fibers
Lateral thoracic Cutaneous trund No sensory fibers
NERVE OF LUMBERACRAL PLEXUS

Nerve Muscles Innervated Cutaneous Distribution


Cranial gluteal Middle and deep gluteal No sensory fibers
Caudal gluteal Superficialgluteal No sensory fibers
Parts of middle gluteal semitendinosus,
Biceps femoris in horse
Femoral Sartorius Medial aspect of thigh
Quadriceps femoris
Iliopsoas
Obturator Adductor No sensory fibers
Gracilis
Pectineus
Obturator externus
Sciatic Semitendinosus et semimenbranosus Sensory fibers arise from
Biceps feoris distal branches (peroneal &
Obturator internus tibial nn)
Gemeili

Peroneal Tibialis cranialis Dorsal metatarsus and


Extensor digitorum longus et lateralis pastern/foot
Peroneus
Tibial Gastrocnemius Caudal crus, plantar
Flexor digitorum superficilis et metatarsus, pastern/foot
Profundus
Tibialis caudalis
Popliteus
CRANIAL NERVES

Number Name Type Arises Form Function and Distribution


1. Olfactory Sensory Olfactory Olfaction (Smell); nasal
bulb mucosa
2. Optic Sensory Diencephalon Vision; retina
3. Oculomotor Motor Midbrain Motor to extraocular eye
muscles; parasympathetic
innervation to iris sphincter
and ciliary muscles
4. Trochlear Motor Midbrain Dorsal oblique muscle of
eye
5. Trigeminal Mixed Pons

Ophthalmic Sensory Sensory to eye and dorsal


division parts of head
Maxilary division Sensory Sensory to maxillary region,
nasal cavity, palates, upper
teeth
Mandibular Mixed Sensory to tongue, lower
division teeth and jaw; Motor to
muscles of mastication
6. Abducent Motor Medulla Lateral rectus and retractor
bulbi muscles of eye
7. Facial Mixed Medulla Sensory (taste)to rostral two-
thirds of tongue;
parasympathetic to salivary
and lacrimal glands; motor
to muscles of facial
expression
8. Vestibulocochlear Sensory Medulla Hearing (cochlear division)
and sense of
acceleration(vestibular
division)
9. Glossopharyngeal Mixed Medulla Sensory(taste) to caudal
third of tongue;
parasympathetic to salivary
glands; motor to pharyngeal
muscles
10. Accessory Motor Medulla & Motor to cervical, shoulder
Cervical muscles(e.g. trapezius)
Spinal Cord
11. Hypoglossal Motor Medulla Muscles of tongue

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