Professional Documents
Culture Documents
VICE
A PROJECT
REPORT
ON
PROJECT GROUP:
"PNEUMATI
(1) Amit G. Korat
C VICE"
Harshil R.
(2) Thakkar
B.S.
(3) Tahir J. Saiyad
PATEL
Satish A.
(4) Miyani
POLYT
Vishal M.
ECHNI
(5) Purohit
C,
KHERV
Internal Guide: - H. M. Shah
A
B.S.P.P 2014-2015
12644031904
6
12644031904
0
12644031906
3
11644031904
0
12466031904
8
H.O.D.:- Mr. K. P. Patel
Page 1
PNUEMATIC
VICE
ment No: -
12644031
9046
has
completed
Part-I
UDP
CERTIFICATE
Project
work having
title
Pneumatic
Th
vice.
is
is
He
has
to
undergone
ce
the process
rti of
shodh
fy yatra,
th literature
at survey and
M problem
r. definition.
A He
is
m supposed to
it carry
out
G. the residue
K UDP Part-II
on
or work
at same
haproblem
vi during
n Semester-VI
g for the final
E fulfillment
nr of the UDP
ol work which
is
pr
er
eq
ui Guide
sit UDP Head
e of
Departmen
to t
co Mr. H.M.
m Shah Mr. K.P.
pl Patel
et
e
Di
pl
o
m
a
E
n
gi
ne
er
B.S.P.P 2014in 2015 Page 2
g.
PNUEMATIC
VICE
ng
Enrolment
No:
12644031
9040
has
CERTIFICATE
completed
Part-I
UDP
Project
Thwork having
is title
is Pneumatic
to vice.
ce
rti He
has
fy undergone
th the process
shodh
at of
M yatra,
r. literature
H survey and
ar problem
s definition.
is
hi He
l supposed to
out
R. carry
T the residue
UDP Part-II
h
work
on
a
same
k
problem
k
during
ar
Semester-VI
ha
for the final
vi
fulfillment
of g.
th
e
U
D
P Guide
w UDP Head
or of
Departmen
k t
w Mr. H.M.
hi Shah Mr. K.P.
ch Patel
is
pr
er
eq
ui
sit
e
to
co
m
pl
et
e B.S.P.P 2014Di 2015 Page 3
pl
o
m
a
E
n
gi
ne
er
in
PNUEMATIC
VICE
o:
12644031
9063
has
completed
Part-I UDP
Project
CERTIFICATE
work having
title
Pneumatic
vice.
Th
is He
has
is undergone
to the process
ce of
shodh
rti yatra,
fy literature
th survey and
at problem
M definition.
is
r. He
Tasupposed to
out
hi carry
r the residue
J. UDP Part- II
on
S work
ai same
y problem
during
a
Semester-VI
d
for the final
ha
fulfillment
vi
of the UDP
n work which
g is
E prerequisite
nr to complete
ol Diploma
m Engineering
en.
t
N
. H.M. Shah
Mr. K.P.
G Patel
ui
d
e
U
D
P
H
e
a
d
of
D
e
p
ar
t
m
e
nt
MrB.S.P.P 20142015 Page 4
PNUEMATIC
VICE
nrolment
No:
11644031
9040
has
completed
CERTIFICATE
Part-I UDP
Project
work having
Thtitle
is Pneumatic
is vice.
to
ce He
has
rti undergone
fy the process
shodh
th of
at yatra,
M literature
r. survey and
S problem
at definition.
is
is He
h supposed to
out
A. carry
M the residue
UDP Part-II
iy
work
on
a
same
ni
problem
ha
during
vi
Semester-VI
n
for the final
g
fulfillment
E
of the UDP
w ngineering.
or
k
w
hi
ch Guide
is UDP Head
pr of
Departmen
er t
eqMr. H.M.
ui Shah Mr. K.P.
sit Patel
e
to
co
m
pl
et
e
Di
pl
o
m
a
E B.S.P.P 20142015 Page 5
PNUEMATIC
VICE
Enrolment
No:
12644031
9048
has
completed
CERTIFICATE
Part-I UDP
Project
work having
Thtitle
is Pneumatic
is vice.
to
ce He
has
rti undergone
fy the process
th of
shodh
at yatra,
M literature
r. survey and
Vi problem
s definition.
is
h He
al supposed to
out
M carry
. the residue
P UDP Part-II
on
ur work
o same
hi problem
th during
Semester-VI
av
for the final
in
fulfillment
g
of the UDP
w gineering.
or
k
w
hi
ch Guide
is UDP Head
pr of
Departmen
er t
eqMr. H.M.
ui Shah Mr. K.P.
sit Patel
e
to
co
m
pl
et
e
Di
pl
o
m
a
E
B.S.P.P 2014n 2015 Page 6
PNUEMATIC
VICE
TEMENT
FORM
STUDENT
PARTICULA
RS-1
FIRST NAME
AMIT
LAST NAME
KORAT
MOBILE NO.
972746438
1
997446333
2
3
amitkorat007@gma
il.com
Page 7
PNUEMATIC
VICE
TEMENT
FORM
STUDENT
PARTICULA
RS-1
FIRST NAME
HARSHIL
LAST NAME
THAKKAR
MOBILE NO.
EMAIL
972716000
2
997806991
2
4
harshil.thakkar18@gmail.com
U
S COLLEGE NAME
E
R ADDRESS
D
E
FI BRANCH
N
E SEMESTER
D
TEAM NAME
P
R
SIGNATURE OF
O STUDENT
B
L
E
M
/P
R
O B.S.P.P 2014-2015
JE
C
T
(
U
D
P
)
S
T
A
th
SEM.
YEAR
20142015
G-18
Page 8
PNUEMATIC
VICE
TEMENT
FORM
STUDENT
PARTICULA
RS-1
FIRST NAME
TAHIR
LAST NAME
SAIYAD
MOBILE NO.
EMAIL
812853931
7
972334445
2
1
tahirsaiyad1497@gmail.com
U
S COLLEGE NAME
E
R
D ADDRESS
E
FI
N BRANCH
E
D SEMESTER
P TEAM NAME
R
O SIGNATURE OF
B STUDENT
L
E
M
/P
R
O
JE B.S.P.P 2014-2015
C
T
(
U
D
P
)
S
T
A
th
SEM.
YEAR
20142015
G-18
Page 9
PNUEMATIC
VICE
TEMENT
FORM
STUDENT
PARTICULA
RS-1
FIRST NAME
SATISH
LAST NAME
MIYANI
MOBILE NO.
815488704
2
992497242
2
9
satishmiyani6@gma
il.com
Page 10
PNUEMATIC
VICE
TEMENT
FORM
STUDENT
PARTICULA
RS-1
FIRST NAME
VISHAL
LAST NAME
PUROHIT
MOBILE NO.
EMAIL
971447560
5
738333710
2
0
Vishalpurohit048@gmail.com
U
S COLLEGE NAME
E
R ADDRESS
D
E
FI BRANCH
N
E SEMESTER
D
TEAM NAME
P
R
SIGNATURE OF
O STUDENT
B
L
E
M
/P
R
O B.S.P.P 2014-2015
JE
C
T
(
U
D
P
)
S
T
A
th
SEM.
YEAR
20142015
G-18
Page 11
PNUEMATIC
VICE
ribution and
support
both
morally and
financially
ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T
towards
completion
of
this
project.
I
also
wam
is grateful to
h my project
to supervisor
th Mr.
anH.M.Shah
k who without
m his help and
y guidance
fri this project
not
enwould
ds have been
fo completed.
r
I also
th
my
ei show
r gratitude to
tr my friends
e and all who
m contributed
enin one way
door the other
us in
the
co course
of
nt the project.
Y
o
ur
s
F
ai
th
fu
ll
y:
-
HARSHIL
3
T
AHIR
4
S
ATISH
5
V
ISHAL
1
AM
I
T
B.S.P.P 20142015 Page 12
2
PNUEMATIC
VICE
s because
they
can
work
in
inflammabl
ABSTRACT
e
environmen
Pn t
without
eucausing fire
m or
at explosion.
ic Apart from
sy that,
st overloading
e in
m pneumatic
s system will
ar only lead to
e sliding
or
sa cessation of
fe operation.
r Unlike
th electromoti
anve
el component
ec s,
tr pneumatic
o component
m s do not
ot burn or get
iv overheated
e when
sy overloaded.
st
e The
m
opased is also
er processed
at in
special
io ways.
n Therefore,
of pneumatic
p systems
necan work in
u environmen
m ts
that
at demand
ic high
level
sy of
st cleanliness.
e One
m example is
s the
doproduction
es lines
of
nointegrated
t circuits.
pr
od
uc
e
po
llu
ta
nt
s.
Th
e
ai
r
re
le
PNUEMATIC
VICE
INDEX
SR.
NO.
. 38
11
Pneumati
c
Systems
Diagram .
40
10.
Sa
f
e
t
y
12.
Cost
estimatio
n.
. 41
13.
Con
clus
ion
.
. 43
12.
Reference
.
44
B.S.P.P 2014
2015 Page 14
PNUEMATIC
VICE
force
and
power
of
fluids such
as water, oil
INTRODUCTION
and
air.
Powered
A clamps
n open
and
in close with
cr the force of
edpressurized
ibl air or oil,
e large
ra presses
n shape and
geform metal
of with
m hydraulic
anpressure,
uf and
ac assembly
tu torque tools
ri fasten
n component
g s
with
sy pressurized
st air. In each
e example,
m fluid power
s provides
us the energy
e necessary
th to
exert
e significant
ms
while
ec systems
hathat
use
ni liquids like
ca oil or water
l are
called
fo hydraulic
rc system. The
es pneumatic
. systems will
Sy be
the
st subject
of
e the
first
m three
s sessions in
th the course
at starting
us from
this
e session.
ai
r Pneumatics
ar is all about
e using
ca compressed
lle air to make
d a
process
p happens.
neCompresse
u d
air
is
m simply the
at air
we
ic breathe
sy squeezed
st into a small
e space
m under
pr ial energy
es which can
su be released
re to do useful
. work.
Yo
u Their
miprinciple of
g operation is
to
ht similar
re that of the
m hydraulic
e power
m systems. An
beair
r compressor
th converts
at the
ai mechanical
of
r energy
prime
u the
n mover into,
demainly,
r pressure
of
pr energy
es the
su compressed
This
re air.
potransformat
ss ion
es facilitates
se the
s transmissio
pon, storage,
te and control
energy.
nt of
Af umatic
te system
r consists of
co a group of
m pneumatic
pr component
es s connected
si together so
onthat
a
, signal
th (compresse
e d
air)
is
co passed
m through the
pr system
to
es make
se something
d happen at
ai the output.
r These
sh groups
of
oucomponent
ld s can be
bedivided into
pr five
epcategories
ar according
edto
their
fo function in
r the
us pneumatic
e. circuit
as
follows:
A
p
1.
ne Supply
e e
l
elements
e are the
m sources
e of power
n that
t drives
s the
:
system
which
are the
h compress
e ors.
sB.S.P.P 20142015 Page 15
PNUEMATIC
VICE
are used
2
.
I
n
p
u
t
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
:
t
h
e
s
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
to send
signals to
the final
control
elements
and
come in
two
forms;
either as
compone
nts that
is
actuated
by
the
operator
like push
buttons
or
sensors
that
determin
e
the
status of
the
power
elements
such as
limit
switches
and
proximity
sensors.
3
.
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
:
t
h
e
s
e
e
l
e
m
e
nts may
perform
operation
s on the
input
signals
before
sending
the
signal to
the final
control
elements
such as
nonreturn
valves,
direction
al control
valves
and
presser
control
valves.
4. Final
control
element
s:
to
control
the
motion of
actuators
such
as
direction
a s
l (actuato
rs):
c these are
o the
n outputs
the
t of
r pneumati
o c system
l which
use the
v stored
a potential
l energy to
v perform
a certain
e
task such
s
as
.
pneumati
c
cylinders
5
and
.
motors.
P
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
PNUEMATIC
VICE
e
3
low
Contro
MAINl Valve
COMPONENT
4
D
OF ouble
PNEUMATIC
Acting
VISE Cylind
er
5
B
1
atch
Co
Vise
m
6
P
p
neuma
r
tic
e
Pipe
s
s
o
r
2
Dir
e
c
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
V
a
l
v
PNUEMATIC
VICE
of all
we
have
to take
P
a plate
R
as per
O
our
C
requir
E
ement
D
(335*2
U
10
R
mm).
E
O
2
M
F
ake a
P
multipl
R
e hole
OJ
(as
E
C
per
T:
req.)
of 13
mm
for
clampi
ng of
plate
on
a
machi
ne
table.
Fir
s
t
Ta
k
e
b
a
t
c
h
v
i
c
e
o
f
3
m
m
s
t
o
c
k
gth
capac
ity.
vice
is in
ruf
castin
g
form
so
some
mach
ining
proce
ss are
like
millin
g,
drillin
g,
grindi
ng
are to
be
carrie
d out
on it
to
make
as
per
our
requir
emen
t.
l
e
B.S. P.P 2014n
2015 Page 18
PNUEMATIC
VICE
ic
e
a
n
d
fi
x
it
o
n
a
pl
at
e
a
n
d
1
fit
No
it
w
w
it
w
h
e
th
e
h
h
a
el
v
p
e
of
b
t
ol
a
ts
k
(h
e
e
n
x
a
a
g
o
v
n
a
l
)
.
2
We
h
a
v
e
u
s
e 1
d We
h
t
a
h
v
e
e
ta
ke
n
b
o
a
l
cy
t
li
s
n
d
3
er
0
of
m
b
m
or
e
l
di
o
a
n
m
g
.
et
er
of
5
0
m
m
,
r
o
d
e
n
gt
h
of
cy
li
n
d
er
is
1
0
0
m
m
.
d
i
a
m
e
t
e 2
T
he rod
r
of
cylind
2
er
is
0
fitted
with
m
the
help of
m
fabrica
tion
&
work.
lB.S.P.P 20142015 Page 19
PNUEMATIC
VICE
end with
a
rectangul
ar block.
C
y
l
i
n
d
e
r
We
have
provided
a clamp
for easy
moveme
nt of the
pneumati
c vice.
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
b
We provide two hard metal pieces to clamping object in
y
a vice.
i
t
s
B.S.P.P 2014-2015
Page
20
PNUEMATIC
VICE
t
CA
LC
UL
ATI
ON
1 Bar =
100Kpa
=
100KN
m-2 =
14.5
PSI
Pre
s
s
u
r
e
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
F
(
F
o
r
c
e
,
N
e
w
t
o
n
s
)
P=
F
A
A
(Area,
metres
square
d)
Eq u
io e5
n r0
:
m
P
= om
F fA
/ =
A
p(3
P=
i .1
10
bars4
= t/
1.0o4)
1
n*
N/m
m2 (d
=
*d
)
2
Dia d
2=
So,
1963
we
have
select
3
ed
P=
pneu
matic
cylind
er
move
200
Kg. Of
force
1.01
at 10
= F /
bar
1963
press
Fure.=
B.S.P.P
2000
20141= N
2015
m (3.14
F=/
*
Page
e = 4) 200
21 *
(50Kg.
t
50)
PNUEMATIC
VICE
widely
used in
our
THE
society,
ADVANTAGES
especial
OF
ly in the
PNEUMATIC
industri
SYSTEMS
al
P
sectors
n
for the
e
driving
u
of
m
automa
a
tic
t
machin
i
es.
c
Pneuma
tic
c
systems
o
have a
n
lot of
t
advanta
r
ges.
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
r
e
High
effectiv
eness
Many
factorie
s have
equippe
d their
producti
on lines
with
compres
s s. There
e is an
d unlimite
d supply
a of air in
i our
r atmosp
here to
s produce
u compres
p sed air.
p Moreove
l r, the
i use of
e compres
s sed air
is not
a restricte
n d by
d distance
, as it
m can
o easily
v be
a transpor
b ted
l through
e pipes.
After
c use,
o compres
m sed air
p can be
r released
e directly
s into the
s atmosp
o here
r without
t lity
h Pneum
e atic
compo
n nents
e are
e extrem
d ely
durable
o and
f cannot
be
p damag
r ed
o easily.
c Compa
e red to
s electro
s motive
i compo
n nents,
g pneum
. atic
compo
nents
2
are
Hig
more
h
durable
d
ur and
a
reliable
bi
.
lit
y
a 3 Simpl
e design
n
The
d
re desi
li
gns
a
of
bi
p
n
e
u
m
a
t
i
c
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
mpl
e.
The
y
are
thus
mor
e
suit
able
for
use
in
sim
ple
auto
mati
c
cont
rol
syst
ems
.
High
adaptab
ility
to
harsh
environ
ment
Compa
red to
the
elemen
ts
of
other
system
s,
compre
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
s
i
s
s
e
d
erature
, dust,
corrosi
on, etc.
a5 Safet
i y
r6 Pne
umatic
i syste
s ms are
safer
than
l
electro
e
motive
s
syste
s
ms
becau
a
se
f
they
f can
e work
c in
t inflam
e mable
d enviro
nment
b withou
y t
causin
h g fire
i or
g explos
h ion.
Apart
T from
e that,
m overlo
p ading
i
n
p
n
e
u
m
a
t
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
l
l
ly lead
to
sliding
or
cessat
ion of
operat
ion.
Unlike
electro
motive
compo
nents,
pneu
matic
compo
nents
do not
burn
or get
overhe
ated
when
overlo
aded.
o
B.S.P.P 2014n 2015 Page 22
PNUEMATIC
VICE
rectilinea
r
and
oscillatin
1
g
Eas
moveme
y
nt
of
s
pneumat
el
e
ic
ct systems
io
are easy
n
of to adjust
and
s
subject
p
e
to
few
e
limitation
d
s.
The
a
pressure
n
and the
d
pr volume
e
of air can
ss easily be
ur
adjusted
e
by
a
T
pressure
h
regulator
e
.
s
2 Envir
p
onment
e al
e friendly
d The
s operatio
n of
o pneuma
f tic
systems
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s
.
leased
is also
process
ed in
special
ways.
Therefor
e,
pneuma
tic
systems
can
work in
environ
ments
that
demand
high
level of
cleanlin
ess.
One
exampl
e is the
producti
on lines
of
integrat
ed
circuits.
T
h
e3 Econo
mical
a4 As
i pneu
r matic
comp
r onent
e s are
n
o
t
e
x
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
,
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
s
o
f
p
n
e
u
m
a
t
i
c
syste
ms
are
quite
low.
More
over,
as
pneu
matic
syste
ms
are
very
durab
le,
the
cost
of
repair
is
signi
ficant
ly
lower
than
that
of
other
syste
ms.
PNUEMATIC
VICE
sign.
E
xtrem
ADVANTAGE
OF
ely
PNEUMATIC
VISE
high
clampi
ng
1
force.
Qu
H
i 4
igh
c
accura
k
cy and
repeat
o
ability.
p
e 5
R
r
educe
a
s
t
produc
i
tion
o
costs.
n 6
D
.
esign
is
2
compa
St
ct and
a
very
b
simple
l
to
e
operat
e
a
requiri
n
ng
d
almost
no
r
maint
i
enanc
g
e.
i 7
C
d
an be
mount
d
ed
e
3
h
o
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l
l
y
o
r
v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
.
B.S.P.P 20142015 Page 24
PNUEMATIC
VICE
ages, they
are also
subject to
DISADVANTAG
many
E
OF
PNEUMATIC
limitations.
SYSTEMS
R
elativ
ely
low
accur
acy
As
pneu
matic
syste
ms are
power
ed by
the
force
provid
ed by
compr
essed
air,
their
operat
ion is
subjec
t
to
the
volum
e
of
the
Al
th
ou
g
h
p
ne
u
m
at
ic
sy
st
e
m
s
po
ss
es
s
a
lo
t
of
ad
va
nt
co
pply of
m
air to
pr
the
es
syste
se
m may
d
not be
air. accura
As
te,
th
causin
e
g
a
vol decrea
u
se in
m
the
e
overall
of
accura
air cy of
m
the
ay
syste
ch
m.
an
L
ge 2
wh ow
loadin
en
g
co
As the
m
cylind
pr
ers of
es
pneu
se
matic
d
compo
or
nents
he
are
at
not
ed,
very
th
large,
e
a
su
pn
eu
m
ati
c
sy
ste
m
ca
nn
ot
dri
ve
loa
ds
th
at
ar
e
to
o
he
av
y.
3
Pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
r
e
quire
d
befor
e use
Compr
essed
air
must
be
proces
sed
before
use to
ensure
the
absen
ce of
water
vapou
r
or
dust.
Other
wise,
the
movin
g
parts
of the
pneu
matic
compo
nents
may
wear
out
quickl
y
du
e
to
fri
cti
on.
essed,
the
movin
g
speed
s
of
the
piston
Un
e
v
e
n
are
relativ
ely
uneve
n.
m
N
o 5
oise
v
i
Noise
n
will be
g
produc
s
ed
p
when
e
compr
e
essed
d
air is
As
releas
air ed
ca
from
n
the
ea
pneu
sil
matic
y
compo
be
nents.
co
m
pr
PNUEMATIC
VICE
e
foll
owi
THE
ng
APPLICATION
OF PNEUMATIC
are
SYSTEMS
so
Th
e
ap
pli
me
exa
mpl
es.
ca (a)
tio Transpo
n rt
system
of
Figu
pn
re
eu
shows
m
a
ati
simpli
c
fied
sy
indust
st
rial
e
transp
m
ort
s
syste
is
m.
ve
When
ry
the
ex
button
te
switch
ns
is
iv
pushe
e.
d, the
Th
cylind
er
wil
l
pu
sh
on
e
of
th
e
go
od
s
fro
m
th
e
sh
elf
on
to
th
e
tra
nsf
er
bel
t.
W
he
n
th
e
bu
tto
n
switch
is
releas
ed,
the
cylind
er will
retract
autom
atically
. Fig.
34b
shows
the
circuit
diagra
m
of
the
transp
ort
syste
m.
(a)
Operat
ion of
a
pn
eu
m
ati
c
tra
ns
po
rt
sy
ste
m
(b)
Pneum
atic
circuit
diagra
m of a
pneu
matic
transp
ort
syste
m
PNUEMATIC
VICE
syste
(
b
)
V
e
h
i
c
l
e
d
o
o
r
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
Pn
eu
m
ati
c
ms
can be
used
to
operat
e the
doors
of
public
vehicl
es
(Fig.
35a).
Assum
ing
that
the
openin
g and
closin
g
of
the
doors
are
control
led by
two
button
switch
es ON
and
OFF.
When
th
e
bu
tto
n
sw
itc
h
ON
is
pr
es
se
d,
th
e
do
ors
wil
l
op
en.
W
he
n
th
e
bu
tto
n
sw
itc
h
OF
F
is
pushe
d, the
doors
will
close.
Fig.
35b
shows
a
pneu
matic
syste
m that
can be
used
to
operat
e the
doors
of
vehicl
es.
(a)
Ope
rati
on
of a
pneu
matic
syste
m
that
(b)
Pne
um
atic
circ
uit
dia
gra
m
con
trol
s
the
mo
ve
me
nt
of
vehi
cle
doo
rs.
PNUEMATIC
VICE
A
ll
MAINmain
PNEUMATIC
COMPONENTS
pneu
matic
Pneu comp
maticonent
comp
onents can
s can be
be
repres
divideented
d into
two by
categsimple
ories: pneu
1.
matic
symbo
ls.
Each
symbo
l
shows
only
the
functi
on of
the
comp
2.
onent
it
repres
ents,
but
not its
struct
ure.
Pneu
matic
sy
mb
ols
ca
n
be
co
mb
ine
d
to
for
m
pn
eu
ma
tic
dia
gra
ms
.A
pn
eu
ma
tic
dia
gra
m
de
scr
ibe
s
the
rel
ati
on
s
bet
we
en
each
pneu
matic
comp
onent,
that
is, the
design
of the
syste
m.
(a)
Comp
resso
r
A
comp
ressor
can
compr
ess air
to the
requir
ed
pressu
res. It
can
conve
rt the
mech
anical
energ
y from
motor
s and
engin
es
into
the
pot
ent
ial
en
erg
y
in
co
mp
res
se
d
air
(Fi
g.
2).
A
sin
gle
ce
ntr
al
co
mp
res
sor
ca
n
su
ppl
y
var
iou
s
pn
eu
ma
tic
co
mp
onent
s with
compr
essed
air,
which
is
transp
orted
throug
h
pipes
from
the
cylind
er to
the
pneu
matic
comp
onent
s.
Compr
essors
can
be
divide
d into
two
classe
s:
recipr
ocator
and
rotary.
B.S.P.P 2014-2015
Page
28
PNUEMATIC
VICE
by
variou
s
compo
(b
nents,
)
Pr
each
es of
su
which
re
has its
re
gu own
lat pneu
in
matic
g
co
m
po
ne
nt
Pr
es
sur
e
re
gul
ati
ng
co
m
po
ne
nts
ar
e
for
m
ed
symbo
l:
(1) Filt
er
can
rem
ove
imp
uriti
es
fro
m
com
pre
sse
d
air
bef
ore
it is
fed
to
the
(2)
tor
to
sta
biliz
e
the
pre
ssur
e
and
reg
ulat
e
the
ope
rati
on
of
pne
um
atic
com
pon
ent
s
(3) Lu
bri
cat
or
To
pro
vid
e
lub
rica
tio
n
for
(
b
)
P
n
e
u
m
a
ti
c
s
y
m
b
o
ls
o
f
t
h
e
p
n
e
u
m
a
ti
c
c
(a) Pressure
o
regulating m
componentp
o
n
e
nts
e
within a n
t
pressur
B.S.P.P
2014e
2015 Page 29
regulati
ng
compon
PNUEMATIC
VICE
e
com
pres
3
Th
e
co
ns
u
m
pti
on
of
co
m
pr
es
se
d
air
sed
air
inclu
de
exec
utio
n
com
pon
ents
(cyli
nder
s),
dire
ctio
xa
nal
cont
ple
rol
valv
of
es
co
and
assi
po
stan
ne
nts
valv
th
es.
at
co
ns
u
m
(a)
Execu
tion
comp
on
en
t
ne
u
m
ati
c
ex
ec
uti
on
co
m
po
ne
nts
pr
ovi
de
rec
tili
ne
ar
or
rot
ar
y
m
ov
e
m
en
t.
Ex
ample
s
of
pneu
matic
execut
ion
compo
nents
includ
e
cylind
er
piston
s,
pneu
matic
motor
s, etc.
Rectili
near
motio
n
is
produc
ed by
cylind
er
piston
s,
while
pneu
matic
motor
s
provid
e
contin
uo
us
rot
ati
on
s.
Th
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
kin
ds
of
cyl
ind
ers
,
su
ch
as
sin
gle
act
ing
cyl
ind
ers
an
d
do
ubl
e
acting
cylind
ers.
(i)
Singl
e
actin
g
cylind
er
T
herefo
re, it
can
only
produc
e
thrust
in one
directi
on
(Fig.
4).
The
piston
rod is
propell
ed in
the
opposi
te
directi
on by
an
intern
al
spr ent or
ing weight
,
of
a
or
load.
by
th
e
ext
er
nal
for
ce
Fig. 4
pr
Cross
ovi
section of
de
a single
acting
d
cylinder
by
m
ec
ha
nic
al
m
ov
e
B.S.P.P 2014m
2015 Page 30
PNUEMATIC
VICE
d
becau
se
it
Fig. 5 (a) Single acting
has to
cylinder
overco
me
the
force
from
(b) the
Pneumatic
spring.
symbol
of a
Theref
single acting
cylinder
ore, in
order
Th
to
e
provid
thr e the
ust driving
fro force
m
for
th
machi
e
nes,
pis the
to
diame
n
ter of
ro
the
d
cylind
is
er
gr
should
ea
be
tly increa
lo
sed. In
we order
re
to
m
atc
h
th
e
len
gt
h
of
th
e
spr
ing
,
th
e
len
gt
h
of
th
e
cyl
ind
er
sh
oul
d
als
o
be
inc
re
as
ed,
th
us
limitin
g the
length
of the
path.
Single
acting
cylind
ers are
used
in
stampi
ng,
printin
g,
movin
g
materi
als,
etc.
(ii)
Doubl
e
actin
g
cylind
er
I
na
double
acting
cylind
er, air
pressu
re
is
ap
pli
ed
alt
er
na
tel
y
to
th
e
rel
ati
ve
sur
fac
e
of
th
e
pis
to
n,
pr
od
uci
ng
a
pr
op
elli
ng
for
ce
and a
retract
ing
force
(Fig.
6). As
the
efecti
ve
area
of the
piston
is
small,
the
thrust
produc
ed
during
retract
ion is
relativ
ely
weak.
The
impec
cable
tubes
of
double
acting
cylind
ers are
usuall
y
made
of
d
ste coated
el.
with
Th
chromi
e
um to
wo reduce
rki frictio
ng n.
sur
fac
es
ar
e
als
o
pol
ish
ed
B.S.P.P 2014an
2015 Page 31
PNUEMATIC
VICE
e
D
irectio
nal
control
valves
ensure
the
flow of
air
betwe
en air
ports
by
(b) openin
Pneuma
g,
tic
closin
symbol
g and
of a switchi
double
ng
their
intern
al
conne
ctions.
Their
classifi
Fig. 7
cation
(a)
is
Double
deter
acting
mined
cylinder
by the
acting
numb
cylinder
er
of
ports,
(c)
the
Dire
numb
ction
er
of
al
switchi
cont
ng
rol
positio
valv
ns, the
no
rm
al
po
siti
on
of
th
e
val
ve
an
d
its
m
et
ho
d
of
op
er
ati
on.
Co
m
m
on
ty
pe
s
of
dir
ect
ion
al
co
ntr
ol
val
ve
s
inc
lud
e
2/
2, 3/2,
5/2,
etc.
The
first
numb
er
repres
ents
the
numb
er
of
ports;
the
secon
d
numb
er
repres
ents
the
numb
er
of
positio
ns. A
directi
onal
control
valve
that
has
two
ports
and
five
positio
ns can
be
repres
ented
by the
drawin
g
in
Fig. 8,
as well
as
its
ow
n
uni
qu
e
pn
eu
m
ati
c
sy
m
bol
.
d
ir
e
c
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
tr
o
l
v
a
l
v
e
Fig. 8
Describi
ng a 5/2
PNUEMATIC
VICE
uses
the
thrust
(i) from
the
2/
spring
2
to
Di
open
re
cti and
on close
the
al
co valve,
stoppi
nt
rol ng
va compr
essed
lv
air
e
from
flowin
g
he
str toward
uct s
workin
ur
g tube
e
A
of
from
a
air
2/
inlet
2
dir P.
ect When
ion a force
is
al
applie
co
to
ntr d
the
ol
val control
axis,
ve
the
is
valve
ve
will be
ry
pushe
si
d
m
ple open,
. It conne
cti
ng
P
wit
h
A
(Fi
g.
9).
Th
e
for
ce
ap
pli
ed
to
th
e
co
ntr
ol
axi
s
ha
s
to
ov
erc
o
m
e
bo
th
air
pr
es
sur
e
an
d
th
e
re
pul
siv
e force
of the
spring.
The
control
valve
can be
driven
manua
lly or
mecha
nically
, and
restor
ed to
its
origina
l
positio
n
by
the
spring.
Fig. 9 (a)
2/2
direction
al control
valve
(3)
(35)
3/
3/
2
dir
ect
ional
control
valve
can be
used
to
control
a
single
acting
cylind
er (Fig.
10).
The
open
valves
in the
middle
will
close
until
P and
A are
conne
cted
togeth
er.
Then
anoth
er
valve
will
open
the
sealed
base
betwe
en A
and
R
(exhau
st).
The
valves
can be
driven
manua
lly, directi
m
onal
ec
control
ha
valves
nic can
all
further
y,
be
ele divide
ctr d into
ica two
lly
B.S.P.P
or
classes:2014pn
eu
2015Normally
m
open type
(N.O.) and
ati
normally
cal
closed type
ly.
(N.C.) (Fig.
3/
11).Page 33
2
PNUEMATIC
VICE
(3) Normally
closed type
B.S.P.P 20142015 Page 34
Fig. 10 (a)
3/2
directional
control valve
(2)
PNUEMATIC
VICE
essure
(4)
(4) 5/2
Di
re
cti
on
al
co
nt
rol
va
lv
e
he
na
pr
es
sur
e
pul
se
is
inp
ut
int
o
th
e
pr
control
port
P,
the
spool
will
move
to the
left,
conne
cting
inlet
P and
work
passa
ge B.
Work
passa
ge A
will
then
make
a
releas
e
of
air
throug
h R1
and
R2.
The
directi
onal
val
ve
s
wil
l
re
m
ain
in
thi
s
op
er
ati
on
al
po
siti
on
un
til
sig
nal
s
of
th
e
co
ntr
ar
y
ar
e
rec
eiv
ed.
Theref
ore,
this
type
of
directi
onal
control
valves
is said
to
have
the
functio
n
of
mem
ory.
B.S.P.P 2014(3)
2015 Page 35
PNUEMATIC
VICE
ples
(c)
Co
nt
rol
va
lv
e
co
ntr
ol
val
ve
is
a
val
ve
th
at
co
ntr
ols
th
e
flo
w
of
air.
Ex
a
m
includ
e nonreturn
valves
, flow
control
valves
,
shuttle
valves
, etc.
(i)
Nonretur
n
valve
A
nonretur
n
valve
allow
s air
to
flow
in
one
direc
tion
only.
Whe
n air
flows
in
ve is
th
popp
e
et
op
valve
po
(Fig.
sit
13).
e
dir
ect
ion
,
th
e
val
ve
(a) Non-return
wil
valve
l
clo
se.
An
ot
he
r
na
m
e
for
no
n(c) Pneumatic
ret
symbol
ur
n
B.S.P.P 2014val
2015 Page 36
PNUEMATIC
VICE
(ii
)
Fl
o
w
co
nt
rol
va
lv
e
A flow
control
valve is
formed
by a
nonreturn
valve
and a
variable
throttle
(a) Flow
control valve
(2) Cross
section
(Fi
g.
1
4)
.
(3) Pneumatic
symbol
PNUEMATIC
VICE
cau
se
seri
ous
SAFET
da
Y
MEASU ma
RES
ge
WHEN
USING to
PNEUM the
ATIC
hu
CONTR
ma
OL
SYSTE n
MS
bo
dy
(1)
if
the
y
ent
er
the
bo
dy
thr
ou
gh
duc
ts
like
the
ora
l
cav
ity
any
one
.
(3) Und
(2)
er
hig
h
tem
per
atur
e,
com
pre
sse
d
air
can
pas
s
thro
ugh
hu
ma
n
skin
.
(4) C
o
m
pr
es
se
d
ai
r
re
le
as
le
s
an
d
oil
dr
op
le
ts,
w
hi
ch
ca
n
ca
us
e
da
m
ag
e
to
ey
es
.
(5) Eve
n
tho
ugh
the
pre
ssur
e of
co
s is
rela
tive
ly
low,
whe
n
the
con
tain
er
lose
s its
enti
rety
,
fier
ce
exp
losi
ons
ma
y
still
occ
ur.
(6) Bef
ore
swi
tchi
ng
on
a
co
tho
rou
ghl
y
ins
pec
t
the
wh
ole
circ
uit
to
see
if
the
re
are
any
loo
se
par
ts,
ab
nor
ma
l
pre
ssu
re
or
da
ma
ge
d
e
n
t
l
y
(7)
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
b
u
i
l
e
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
i
s
i
n
c
e
n
t
i
r
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
i
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
p
r
e
v
e
d
by
pne
um
atic
cyli
nde
rs
is
rela
tive
ly
larg
e,
and
(8)
the
acti
on
is
usu
ally
ver
y
fast
,
you
ma
y
suf
er
seri
ous
inju
ries
if
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
i
n
s
t
al
l
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
(9)
s
s
e
d
ai
r
s
a
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
y
c
o
n
tr
ol
o
f
ai
r
fl
o
w
.
PNUEMATIC
VICE
s
s
(10)
In
e
d
a
i
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
u
n
i
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
t
u
r
n
e
d
o
f
s
u
p
pl
y
u
ni
t
m
u
st
b
e
tu
rn
e
(11)
Th
o
f
b
ef
or
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
c
a
n
b
e
t
h
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
p
a
r
t
s
o
f
t
(12)
St
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
N
e
v
t
h
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
v
a
l
v
e
w
i
t
h
PNUEMATIC
VICE
PNEUMATIC
SYSTEMS
DIAGRAM
PNUEMATIC
VICE
ucts
are :
(1)
COSTING
Materi
al (2)
Labor
(3)
1 T
Expen
h
ses
e
r
e
2 Mater
ial :
a
r 1 Direct
materi
e
al :
t
Materi
h
al
r
e
which
e
is
e
proces
l
sed
e
m
for
e
final
n
t
produ
s
ct but
o
it is a
f
part of
a
the
n
produ
y
p
r
o
d
ct
is
direct
materi
al
erial :
co
Mate
st
rial
is
whic
thi
does
not
at
form
eri
al
part
is
of
cal
the
led
final
dir
prod
ect
uct
fro
but it
is a
must
ark
be
et.
for
2 I
d
i
r
e
c
t
m
a
t
proc
essin
g
direc
t
mate
rial
is
calle
d in-
dir
ect
m
at
eri
al
e.g
.
Co
tto
n
wa
ste
,
oil,
etc
.
3
Lab
or
:
1 D
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
e
r
w
h
o
a
c
t
u
al
ly
p
e
i
r
e
c
t
rf
l
a
b
o
r
o
r
m
d
t
h
w
or
ir
on
th
dir
la
ect
ly
r.
at 2 Indirect
eri
labor :
al
It
rat superv
ised
he
the
r
activit
y
of
m
the
ec
direct
labor.
ha
4 Expen
nic
ses:
all
1 Direct
y
Expen
ses :
of
by
The
expe
ac
nses,
hin
which
can
is
be
cal
direct
led
ly
ch
pens
an
es.
ge 2 In
Direct
d
Expen
on
ses :
th
e
pa
rti
cul
ar
pr
od
uct
,
The
expen
ses
that
cannot
be
directl
y or
confid
ently
chang
ed on
partic
ular
products
are
e called incaldirect
expenses
led.
ar
B.S.P.P 2014ex
2015 Page 41
PNUEMATIC
VICE
ost 1750/-
3. Direct
otherESTIMATION
COST
expenses
1200/Sr.
No.
_ Total
Cost=
10,000/2
.
D
i
r
e
c
t
l
a
b
o
u
r
cB.S.P.P 2014-
2015 Page 42
PNUEMATIC
VICE
that can
easily
fixed the
workpice
& work on
CONCLUSIONS
it. The
T pneumatic
h vice
e provide
extremely
p high
r clamping
o force &
j High
e accuracy
c and
t repeatabili
t ty.
h Pneumatic
u system
s can get
g high
i production
v rate.
e When
s compresse
a d air is
released
s from the
y pneumatic
s componen
t ts then
e noise can
m produced.
T not
h produce
e pollutants.
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
n
e
u
m
a
t
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
d
o
e
s
S
o
,
T
h
e
p
n
e
u
m
a
t
i
c
v
i
c
e
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
e
a
s
i
l
y
.
.
PNUEMATIC
VICE
asa
n
2) Pn
eu
mat
ic
REFERANCE
syst
em
by
1)
S.R
.Ma
jum
dar