Steelrebaristested98000psiin

tension
forfailure
Concreteis12000psiin
compression
99.9%curtainwallfailedforwaterproofingtest

Freemanhouse
Concretetextileblock
Doublewalledsystem
Rebarsystem
16x16x3.5
Distanceofcavitywallis18
Onsitecast
Badsandonsite,notpureenough,causescracks

Cathedral
Castingdoneatnightbecauseofchemicalreactionsandcuringtimewasinfluencedby
temperature
Wallthicknessis15atdifferentspots,12pours
Lotsofbaseisolatorsbuiltonmotesothatbasecanmoveinmidstofearthquake
Mixwithspanishtiletogetthecolouroforange,MatchLimestoneandRedOxide
Alabasterstonehastobeairconditionedifnotitllbebleachedinthesunlight
Bronzedoors

FrankGehry/TingHouse
Lightwoodframing
Woodwascheaperthansteel
Woodenfloorsabovegroundtopreventwaterfromcomingintocontactwithupper
material
Slabongradeexposesaggregate
Encouragescrackstogoalongcontrolpoints
Incrementalblockingtoprevent
Windowcreateskingstuds

ORCO
ECquestionfrommidterm

ArtCenterCollegeofDesign
Steelbeam
Verticalanddiagonaltrussesgetwiderastheyapproachtheends

Gamblehouse
Scarfjoints
Heavytimber

WattHall

Prefabricatedwaffleslabs
Waffleslabconnectionconcreteiscastonsite
Columns
Rebarsincolumns
Exposedconcretewithroughstructureandplywoodboardscreatedifferenttexture
Cornersaresmoothtoaccentuateedge

ManhattanBeachLibrary
Spiderjointandwebjoints
Doublewall
18CavityWall
Mulliontiedtowebjointstiedtosuperstructure
Angledglasstoallowfortolerances

ARTIC
ETFE
Littleacousticisolation
Badwiththermalstuff
SpacerstoseparateETFEandstructure
Finstoreducespan
Atevery4glasswallshorizontalstructuretopreventbuckling(providelateralsupport)
Fritpattern
3rollstobestitchedacross
Pipestomaintainairpressure
SymmetricalDiagridarches
27singlelayer
2layersofmembrane
FinstoReduceSpan
8InchestosupportETFE
FritprintedoninsideofOUTERETFElayer
200Width
Curtainwallis120tall
Louvresystem

Museum
Aluminumpanelslinkedwithalockingsystem
Waterproofwallbehind
Glassscreen
Metalcladdingoveraluminiumexterior?(vincent)
Beamstructureisoffsetby5


SheatsGoldstein
Plywoodformedwalls
Playingoftexturesinconcrete
Smoothmetalformworkforcoffer

1.

Thetemperatureanddurationofthebrickkilnfiringprocesswillaffectthefinalbricks
Color,size,weight,andhardness
2.

ThenominalsizeofCMUcommonblockis8x8x16,theheightofthebrickcorresponds
totheheightof_____brickcourses
One
Two
3.

Thetextureofthismasonrymaterialintheimagebelowiscausedby
Quarryingprocess
4.

Concreteisahydraulicallyactivatedcompositematerialwhichmeans_______?
Whenexposedtowaterthecementwillgothroughachemicalprocesscalledhydration,
whichproducesheatasabyproductoftheprocess
5.

Whatisthecrosssectionaldimensionof#8rebar
1inchindiameter
6.

Ifaprojectsconcretehasaretardedinit,the_____?
Theconcretewillhaveanadmixturemixedintoitthatslowsdownthechemicalprocess
ofhydration,whichisoftenusedinhotweatherconditions
7.

Thetechnologicaldevelopmentandsuddenavailabilityofwhichproductallowedforthe
rapidexpansionoflightwoodframeconstruction?
Steelnails
8.

Lightwoodframingisdifferentfromoldgrowthheavytimberinthatitcanbeharvestedas
arenewableresource
True
9.

Alightgaugesteelframeisdifferentfromlightwoodframeinthatitdoesnotrequireshear
panelsduetotheadditionalstrengthofsteelcomparedtowood
False
10.

Whichelementfromtheperiodictabledeterminesthehardnessormalleabilityofferrous
metalalloys?
Carbon
11.

Theprimaryingredient(material)inthehotdipgalvanizingprocess,amethodof
protectingsteelandothermetalsfromcorrosionis
zinc
12.

StandardIbeamsareformedintoshapeby
rollers
13.

Whichcommonspeciesofwoodhavenaturallydecayandinsectresistantheartwood?
RedwoodandEasternRedCedar
14.

Whichofthefollowingtermswouldyouusetoidentifyapieceofwoodwith1x11x
10asitsactualdresseddimensions?
Board

 DimensionLumber
Timber
Stud
15.

Whataretheadvantagesofusingstructuralcompositelumberincomparisontosolid
wood?
Gluelaminatedandcompositelumberbeamscanbeproducedinsizesandofaquality
exceedingthoseavailableinsolidtimbers,structuralcompositelumberproductsmake
productiveuseofwoodmaterialsthatarerapidlyrenewableorthatmightotherwisebe
treatedaswaste,structuralcompositelumberproductsofferbenefitsofdimensional
stability,structuralstrengthuptothreetimesthatofconventionalsolidmaterial
16.

Whichofthefollowingarestandardprecastslabelements
Solidflatslab,hollowcoreslab,doubletee,singletee
17.

Stemcuringofprecastelementsdevelopsthefullstrengthoftheconcretemanytimes
fasterthancuringatambienttemperature
True
18.

Hollowcoreslabsmaybeproducedbydirectextrusion,bycastingtheconcreteintwo
layerswithdryaggregateintroducedasafillertocreatethevoids,orbyusinginflatabletubesto
formthevoid
True
19.

Abrick_______coursebondstwowythestogetherintostructuralunit
Header
20.

Althoughmortarjointscanvaryinthickness,mortarjoints(brickorCMU)areusually
standardizedatinch,thisthicknessallowsfordistortionandunevennessinthemasonryunits
3/8
21.

InCMUwallconstructionwithcommonblock,whyisrunningbondmorecommonthan
1/3runningbond?

Theunitscavitycoreswontalignina1/3runningbond
22.

Where/whenisgroutusedinamasonrywall?
Inwallcavitiesbetweenwythes(i.e.compositewallwithorwithoutrebar),inaunits
cores(withorwithoutrebar)
23.

Whataretheroundholesonthesurfaceofconcreteintheimagebelowandwhatarethey
for?
Theyareformtieholes,indicatingtieswereusedtotemporarilyholdconcreteformwork
together,theyhavenostructuralimpactontheconcreteforbetterorworse
24.

Whatisbeinginstalledintheimagebelow?

Formlinerforconcreteformwork
25.

WhywasconcretebeingpouredinthedarkattheLosAngelesCathedral?
Tocontroltheheatgeneratedfromthechemicalreactionduetohydration,theconcrete
waspouredinearlymorninghoursbuyendeditspoursat9am
26.

HowdidarchitectTadaoAndoachievethisconcretefinishintheimagebelow?
Itisaboardformedconcretefinishthisisthetypicalfinishforboardformedformwork
Byusingpozzolanaformliners
Byusingplywoodthatisthinnerthannormalformwork

Concretebeingverylaborintensiveachievedthisfinishbyhandaftertheformworkwas
removed
27.

Whichmemberinlightwoodframingdistributesverticalloadforcesfromtheheadertothe
soleplate?
Kingstud
28.

Whichmemberinlightwoodframingdistributeslateralforcesthroughoutthebearingwall
system?
Sheathing
29.

Inlightwoodconstruction,howistheframeattachedtothefoundation?
Holddownanchorsboltedtothefoundation
30.

WhatisthestandardspacingbetweenstudsinTypeVwallconstruction?
16
31.

Arigidsteelframeisconsiderablymoreexpensivethanasimplesteelframeduetothecost
ofonsitewelding
True
32.

AsteelbeamislabeledW12x50.Whatdoesthenumber50signify?
Theweightinpoundsperfootoflength
33.

Steelisoftenusedinconjunctionwithotherbuildingmaterials,suchasreinforcementin
castconcrete.Whattypeisstructuralforceissteeladdedtocounteract?
Tensile
34.

Steelisabetterchoicethanheavytimberforhighriseconstructionbecauseofitsnatural
fireresistance
False
35.

Howisatypicalplatformframebuildingbracedagainstwindandearthquakeforces?

WithexteriorsheathingofOSBorplywood
36.

Gluelaminatedelementsaresuperiortoonepieceheavytimberelements(ofthesame
size)inregardstoallofthefollowingexcept_____
Energyrequiredtomanufacture
37.

Whattypeofconstructionisdepictedintheimagebelow?
Heavytimberframeconstruction
38.

Rigidstructuraljointsareeasytoachieveinallofthefollowingmaterialsexcept______
Reinforcedconcrete
39.

Wemayusedeepfoundationsinsituationswherecompetentsoilliestoofarbeneaththe
surfacetobereachedbyshallowfoundations
True
40.

Themostcommontypeoffailureinfoundationsisdifferentialsettlement
True
41.

Thestirrupsusuallyleftprojectingfromthetopofprecastconcretebeamsarestandardfor
castintotheconcretetoppingatthejobsitetocreatecompositestructuralaction
True
42.

WhichofthefollowingareNOTusedinconnectionprecastelements?
Grouting
43.

AtFrankLloydWrightsFreemanHouse,themasonryunitswere_____

 PrecastatafactoryinChicagoandshippedtoLosAngeles
PrecastatORCOtoregulatequalitycontrolandthenshippedtothejobsite
PrecastonsitewithspecialaggregateimportedfromChicago
Precastonsitewithaggregateextractedfromthejobsite
44.

AtFrankLloydWrightsFreemanHouse,themasonrywallrebaris_______
Placedbetweenthetwowallwythes
45.

AtFrankLloydWrightsFreemanHouse,themasonryunitswere
16x16nominalsizeandlaidintraditionalbedofmortar
16x16actualsizeandlaidintraditionalbedofmortar
16x16nominalsizeanddrystacked
16x16actualsizeanddrystacked
46.

AtRafaelMoneosLACathedral,whyarethereslottedholesontheexteriorwallofthe
structure?
Theholesaretheremainderofformtiesthatwereusedwhentemporarilyholdingthe
formworkinplace
47.

AtRafaelMoneosLACathedral,whyistheconcreteatancolor?
Theprojectfocusedonsustainabilityandwhenusingthelocalsilicaintheconcretemix,
itcoloredtheconcreteamorenaturalcolorthanthetypicalgrey
Thecolorisaconcreteadditive,chosentomatchtheinteriorlimestone
Thecomplexconcreteformworkrequiredachemicalreleasingagentthatlefttheresidue
thatcoloredtheconcrete
TheprojectusedcrushedItalianmarbleaggregatetogeneratethiscoloringeffect
48.

AtRafaelMoneosLACathedral,approximatelyhowthickisthebaseofthiswall?
Itisupto5feetthick,havingtoholdallthecumulativeweightofthestructureaboveit
49.

AttheSelwynTinghouseinMarVista,openwebsteeljoistswereemployedforwhat
purpose?
Todecreasetheweightoftheroof
Nowoodproductscouldachievethespan
Tocreatethevisualappearanceoflightnessintheceiling
Noneoftheabove
50.

AthishomeinSantaMonica,FrankGehryexposedthewoodmembersofconventionall
residentialconstructionforwhatpurpose?
Toreducecosts
Tofinishtheprojectontime
Asashortcutaroundbuildingcodes
Foraestheticpurposes
51.

BuildingcodesrequireTypeVstructurestobecladineitherstuccoorwoodsiding
FALSE
52.

InCraigEllwoodsBridgeBuildingontheArtCentercampus,whichstructuralsteel
membersdiminishinthesizeoftheircrosssectiontowardsthecenterofthebridgestructures
span
Alloftheabove

53.

EllwoodstreatmentofthesteelconstructiondetailsatArtCenterisadirectinfluenceofthe
workofwhicharchitect?
MiesVanderRohe
54.

Theprimarybenefitofasteelframewithrigid(moment)connectionsoverasteelframeof
simpleconnectionsistheeliminationofdiagonalbracingmembers
True
55.

AttheGambleHouse,theconnectionofheavytimberwoodframemembersismodeled
aftertraditionalBritish(Victorianera)constructiontechniques
False
56.

Unlikemodernconstructiontechniques,theGambleHousewasbuiltinamannersothat
parts(structuralmembrane)couldeasilyberemovedandreplaced
True
57.

AttheGambleHouse,thebuildingsmaterial(wood)washarvestedfromoaktreesonthe
propertytoprovideaestheticconsistencythroughoutthehouse,alsoapremodernexampleof
sustainableconstruction
False
58.

AtWattHall,theproportionsofthewaffleslabforcofferedceilingssuggestthatthereare
steelIbeamsembeddedintheconcrete
False
59.

AtWattHall,thecolumnspacingtellsustheslabisworkingasaonewaysystem
False
60.

AtWattHall,asacostsavingexerciseduringconstructionthewaffleslabunitsaroundthe
perimeterofeachcolumnwereeliminatedandsubstitutedwitha(cheaper)flatslab
False

Andbooksissuedbybuildingmaterialmanufacturers,constructiontradeassociations,and
organizationsconcernedwithfireprotectionofbuildings.)
6.DefineASTM,CSA,CSI.(Answer:AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials,Canadian
StandardsAssociation,ConstructionSpecificationsInstitute.)
TrueFalseQuestions
1.Abuildingcodecontainsoffstreetparkingrequirements.(F)
2.ThereisnolimitinthebuildingcodeontheheighttowhichaType1Abuildingcanbebuilt.
(T)
3.Firstcostandlifecyclecostarethesamething.(F)
4.Asinglefamilydwellingmaybebuiltofunprotectedwood.(T)
5.Ingeneralitcostsmoretomakeabuildingmoreresistanttofire.(T)
MultipleChoiceQuestions
1.Azoningordinancetypicallygovernswhichofthefollowing:
a.Typesofactivitiesthatmaytakeplaceonapieceofland
b.Howmuchofthelandmaybecoveredbyabuilding
c.Howfarabuildingmustbese
Arch.106LectureSyllabus
ReviewQuestion

MaterialsandMethodsofConstruction(3)
ProfessorHowardWeisenthal
0ffice:21214........Phone/VoiceMail:7562491........email:hweisent@calpoly.edu

CHAPTER1:MAKINGBUILDINGS
AnswerstoQuestionsintheText
1.Themembersofatypicalbuildingdesignteamare:a.Thearchitect:Determinestheformof
thebuilding,coordinatesthedesignteam,andtakesthemajorresponsibilityforspecifyingand
detailingtheexteriorandinteriorfinishes.b.Thestructuralengineer:Developswiththearchitect
thedesignofthestructuralsystemofthebuilding,andtakesthemajorresponsibilityfor
calculating,specifying,anddetailingtheloadbearingstructure,includingcladdingattachments.
c.Themechanicalengineer:Developswiththearchitectthedesignoftheheating,ventilating,
andcoolingsystemsofthebuilding(andoftentheplumbingsystem),andtakesthemajor
responsibilityforcalculating,detailing,andspecifyingthesesystems.d.Theelectricalengineer:
Developswiththearchitectadesignforartificialilluminationofthebuilding,andtakesthemajor
responsibilityforcalculating,detailing,andspecifyingthissystem,aswellassystemsofelectric
powerdistributionandcommunicationswiring.e.Thegeotechnicaland/orfoundationengineer:
Developswiththearchitectadesignforthefoundationsandsubstructureofthebuilding,and
takesthemajorresponsibilityforcalculating,detailing,andspecifyingthissystem.Allthese
professionalsarealsoinvolvedininspectingtheconstructionworkasitprogresses,tobesure
thespecificationsanddetailsarefollowed,andtodealwithquestionsthatariseduring
construction.Onmanyprojects,aConstructionManager(CM)isalsohiredbytheOwnerofthe
building.TheCMactstocoordinatetheentireprocessofdesignandconstruction,andisoften
responsibleforhiringthearchitectandengineersaswellasthecontractorandsubcontractors.

2.Thedesignersofabuildingmustworkundertheexistingphysicalconstraintsofabuilding
site(size,shape,soilconditions,subsurfacewaterconditions,vegetation,etc.),aswellaslegal
constraintsthatincludezoningordinances,buildingcodes,accessstandards,OSHA
regulations,andenergyefficiencystandards.Additionalconstraintscomefrombuilding
insurancecompanies,buildingcontractors,laborunions,andtheclient'sprogram,taste,and
budget.
3.Zoningordinancescontrolthetypeofusetowhichapieceoflandmaybeput,howmuchof
thelandmaybecoveredbybuildings,howfarthebuildingsmustbesetbackfromtheproperty
lines,howtallthebuildingmaybe,howlargeatotalfloorareamaybeconstructedonagiven
pieceofland,howmanyparkingspacesmustbeprovided,andothersuchmattersthathaveto
dowiththerelationshipofabuildingtoitssiteandthecommunityinwhichitisbuilt.Building
codesdealwithquestionsofsafetyandhealthbycontrollingthequalityofconstruction,
especiallywithregardtostructuralstabilityandfireresistance,butalsoincludingspaceandlight
requirements,ventilation,emergencyegress,andenergyefficiency.
4.Fireresistanceofbuildingassembliesismeasuredinhoursoffireendurance.Fireresistance
isdeterminedbysubjectingabuildingassemblytoafireendurancetestasspecifiedbyASTM
E119.
5.Ifthisbuildingisnotsprinklered,Types1A,1B,2A,2Bor4constructionarepermittedTypes
2Band4areprobablythemosteconomical.Ifsprinklersareinstalled,Type3Aconstructionis
alsopermitted.
AdditionalQuestions
1.Nameseveralorganizationsortypesoforganizationsthatpublishconstructioninformation
thatiswidelyusedbybuildingprofessionals,andgiveanexampleofeach.(Answer:ASTM,
CSA,andANSIpublishstandardsforconstructionmaterials.Constructiontradeand
professionalassociationspublishtechnicalinformationandtechnicalstandards.CSIandCSC
publishMasterformat.Buildingmaterialsmanufacturerspublishmaterialconcerningtheir
products.)
2.WhatisMasterformat?Givetitlesofseveralofitsprimarydivisions.(Answer:Masterformatis
astandardoutlinefororganizinginformationaboutconstructionmaterialsandcomponents.Its
primarydivisionscoversuchtopicsasSitework,Concrete,Masonry,Metals,WoodandPlastics,
etc.)
3.Listseveralperformanceconcerns,andseveralconstructionconcerns,thataretypically
takenintoconsiderationbyabuildingprofessional.(Answer:Performanceconcernsinclude
suchthingsasfire,buildingmovement,watervaporcondensation,waterleakage,acoustical
privacy,deterioration,cleanliness,andbuildingmaintenance.Constructionconcernsinclude
suchmattersassafety,schedule,budget,qualityofwork,divisionofworkbetweentheshop
andthefield,optimumuseoftrades,sequencingofoperations,inclementweather,fittingof
components,andqualityassurance.)
4.Whatdoesamunicipalbuildinginspectorhavetodowithnewbuildings?Howdoesthe
inspector'sworkrelatetozoningordinancesandbuildingcodes?(Answer:Thebuilding
inspectorreceivesapplicationsforbuildingpermits,checksplansforconformancewithbuilding
codesandzoningordinances,issuesbuildingpermits,andinspectsconstructiontomakesureit
conformstothesestandards.)

5.Whattypesofpublicationswouldyouconsulttodeterminefireresistanceratingsofvarious
buildingcomponents?Whopublishesthem?(Answer:Fireresistanceratingsaretabulatedina
varietyofcatalogsandhtbackfrompropertylines
d.Themaximumdistancebetweenexitsinabuilding
e.Totalfloorareaofabuildingonagivensite
(Answer:a,b,c,e)
2.Fireresistanceratingsforbuildingcomponentsaregiveninunitsof:
a.DegreesFahrenheitb.DegreesCelsiusc.Hoursd.Footpounds(Answer:c)
3.Accessstandardsforbuildingsrelateto:
a.Accessfromthestreettothebuildingforautomobiles
b.Availabilityofanarchitect'sdrawingstothebuildinginspector
c.Accessibilityofalltheelectricalwiringandplumbingforinspectionandrepairthelifetimeof
thebuilding
d.Accesstoabuildingbyallmembersofthepopulation,includingthephysicallyhandicapped
Answer:d)

CHAPTER2:FOUNDATIONS
AnswerstoQuestionsintheText
1.Themostcommontypeoffailureinfoundationsisdifferentialsettlement,inwhichoverall
settlementofthebuildingisnotexcessive,butdifferencesintheamountofsettlementbetween
differentareasofthebuildingcausefailureofstructural,cladding,orfinishcomponentsofthe
building.
2.Finesandconsistsofequidimensionalparticlesthatarelargeenoughtobehaveasa
particulatesoil.Siltparticlesarealsoequidimensionalbutaremuchsmaller,andsiltsare
classifiedasfinegrainedsoils.Clayparticlesareevensmallerthansiltparticlesandare
platelikeratherthanequidimensional.Unlikefinesandandsilt,claysoilsaregovernedintheir
propertiesbysurfaceeffects,andarethereforemuchmorestronglyaffectedbywatercontent
andtheparticulararrangementofparticlesinagivensoil.
3.Sheetingmaybebymeansofsoldierbeamsandlagging,sheetpiling,orslurrywall.
4.Awatertightbarrierisdesirableinsituationswhereloweringofthewatertablewouldhave
seriousdetrimentaleffectsonneighboringbuildings,andispossibleinsituationswherethe
bottomedgeofthebarrierliesinanimpermeablestratumofsoilbelowthewatertable.
5.Weusedeepfoundationsinsituationswherecompetentsoilliestoofarbeneaththesurface
tobereachedbyshallowfoundations.
6.Belledcaissonsarepracticalonlywherethebellcanbeexcavatedfromacohesivesoil,and
wherethebearingstratumbeneaththebottomofthecaissonisimpervioustothepassageof
water.
7.Precastconcretefrictionpileshavethelargestpotentialloadcarryingcapacity,followedby
steelpipepiles,steelHpiles,andsitecastconcretepiles.
8.(TheanswertothisquestionisfoundindetailneartheendofChapter2ofthetext,underthe
heading"DesigningFoundations").
AdditionalQuestions

1.Howdoweknowhowmuchfoundationloadasoilcancarry?(Answer:Buildingcodetables
suchasFigure2.5giveapproximatebearingvaluesforsoils.Foramoreaccurate
determination,variouslaboratorytestsandonsitetestsmaybeconducted.)
2.Whatisthepurposeoftheslurryusedintheprocessofconstructingaslurrywall?(Answer:
Thepressureoftheslurryagainstthewallsofthetrenchpreventsthewallsfromcollapsing.)
3.Whensheetinganexcavation,whichtypeofbracingisleastobstructivetoexcavation
operations?(Answer:Tiebacks.)
4.Whyisitnecessarytocarryshallowfoundationsbelowthefrostline?(Answer:Ifthesoil
beneathafoundationfreezes,thefoundationmaybeliftedbysoilexpansionoricelenses.)
5.Howdoesadrivenpiletransmittheloadofabuildingintothesoil?(Answer:Byfriction
betweenthesidesofthepileandthesoil,byendbearingofthebottomofthepileagainstfirm
soil,orbyboththesemeans.)
TrueFalseQuestions
1.Woodpilesmaybeusedwithoutadecaypreventivetreatmentiftheylietotallybeneaththe
watertable.(T)
2.Awaterstopisusedtolowerthewatertableinthevicinityofabuilding.(F)
3.Bentoniteclaymakesanexcellentwaterproofmembranearoundabasement.(T)
4.Aslurrywallisatypeofsheeting.(T)
5.Atiebackmustalwaysbeanchoredinrock.(F)
6.Thesoilaroundanexcavationcansometimesbestabilizedbyreinforcingit.(T)
7.Combinedfootingsareusedtosavemoneyincaseswhereconcretepricesarehigh.(F)
8.Shallowfootingsmayonlybeplacedonundisturbed,naturalsoil.(F)
9.Thefoundationengineerneednotbeconsultedbythearchitectandstructuralengineeruntil
thesizeandpositionofthebuildingonthelandhavebeendetermined.(F)
MultipleChoiceQuestions
1.Whichofthefollowingaredeepfoundations:a.Caissonb.Stripfootingc.Rockanchord.
Endbearingpilee.Matfoundationf.Frictionpile(Answer:a,d,f)
2.Underpinningmayincludewhichofthefollowingfoundationtypes:a.Wallandcolumn
footingsb.Pilesc.Minipilesd.Caissons(Answer:Alloftheabove)
3.Whichofthefollowingaredesignthresholdsthatrepresentamajordifferenceinthecostofa
foundation?a.Buildingbelowthewatertableb.Buildingaslabongradeversusacrawlspacec.
Usingsteelsheetpilingversusconcretesheetpilingd.Buildingclosetoanexistingbuildinge.
Goingfromshallowtodeepfoundations(Answer:a,d,e)
4.Whichofthefollowingarecohesivesoils:a.Cobblesb.Sandc.Clayd.Silte.Peatf.Gravel
(Answer:c)
5.Pilesmaybemadefroma.Timberb.Precastconcretec.Sitecastconcreted.Stonee.Steel
f.Brick(Answer:a,b,c,e)

CHAPTER3:WOOD
AnswerstoQuestionsintheText
1.Atthetimeatreeiscut,dependingonthespeciesoftree,theseasonoftheyear,andthe
amountofwaterpresentinthegroundaroundtherootsofthetree,itscellswillcontainaweight
ofwaterthatis30%to300%ofthedryweightofthecelluloseandlignin.Assumingthatthetree

isimmediatelysawedintogreenlumber,eachpieceoflumberwillthenbeseasonedbyair
dryingorkilndrying.Duringthisseasoningprocess,thefreewatercontainedinthehollow
spacesofthecellsisevaporatedfirst,bringingthemoistureinthelumberintotherangeof26%
to32%.Afterthefreewaterhasevaporated,theboundwaterinthecellwallsstartsto
evaporate,andthepieceoflumberbeginstoshrink.Becauseradialshrinkageisnotas
pronouncedastangentialshrinkage,eachpieceoflumberwillalsodistortsomewhat,thenature
anddegreeofdistortiondependinglargelyontheportionofthelogfromwhichthepiecewas
sawedandtheorientationofthepieceinthelog.Atamoisturecontentsomewherebetween
13%and19%thepieceisconsideredseasonedandcanbeinstalledinabuilding.Afteritisin
placeinthebuilding,itwillcontinuetolosewaterunderverydryatmosphericconditions,and
reabsorbwaterwhentheairishumid.Thisisusuallybestobservedonaseasonalbasis,with
woodmembersofabuildingshrinkingnoticeablyduringaprolongedheatingseason,and
swellingduringahumidsummer.
2.3/4"X31/2"11/2"X31/2"11/2"X51/2"11/2"X71/4"31/2"X31/2"31/2"X111/4"
ifsurfaceddry.
3.Woodislaminatedtoachieveasize,shape,orqualityofpiecethatwouldotherwisebe
impossible.
4.Woodpanelproductsarespanratedthefirstnumberintherating(32)istheallowablespan
ininchesbetweencentersofrafterswhenusedasroofsheathing,andthesecondnumber(16)
istheallowablespanwhenusedassubflooring.
5.Pressuretreatedwoodmightbespecifiedforapplicationsrequiredincreasedresistanceto
fire,decay,orinsects.
6.Redwood,Cypress,andvariousCedarsaretheresistantspeciesmostcommoninNorth
America.
AdditionalQuestions
1.Whataretheadvantagesofquartersawnlumber?Forwhatkindsofenduseswouldyou
specifyit?(Answer:Quartersawnlumberislesspronetoseasoningdistortions,hasatighter
grainfigure,andhasimprovedsurfacewearingqualitiesoverplainsawedlumber.Itisespecially
usefulforflooring,interiortrimpieces,andfurniturestock.)
2.Whatgradeofplywoodveneerwouldyouspecifyforasurfacetobepainted?Forthe
backsideofasheathingpanel?(Answers:A,D)
3.Avarietyofquestionscanbeposedthatrequireaknowledgeoflumberdimensioningto
solve.Forexample,youmightshowadetailofafoundationwallwithanominal2"sill,2X12
floorjoists,and5/8"plywoodsubflooring,andaskthestudenttofigurethetotalactualdistance
fromthetopofthefoundationtothetopofthesubfloor.
4.Whatwillbethecostof272X8s,each14'long,ifthepriceofthelumberis$240.00per
thousandboardfeet?(Answer:$120.96)
TrueFalseQuestions
1.Theheartwoodofalivingtreeisdeadwood.(T)
2.Summerwoodisstrongerandstifferthanspringwood.(T)
3.BoxnailsandcommonnailsareInterchangeableinconstructionpractice.(F)
4.Woodtreatedwithpentachlorphenolcanbepainted.(F)

5.Sheetmetaljoisthangersareusedtomakeastrongconnectionwhereverwoodjoistsbear
ononeanotheratrightangles.(T)

MultipleChoiceQuestions
1.Whichtypeofwoodshrinkageisgreatest?a.Longitudinalb.Radialc.Tangential
(Answer:c)
2.Whichofthefollowingaregrowthcharacteristics:a.Twistingb.Knotc.Checkd.Decay
e.Wanef.Cupping(Answer:b,d)
3Lagscrewsareinsertedwith:a.Ahammerb.Ascrewdriverc.Awrenchd.Apneumaticgun
(Answer:c)
4.Adhesivesarewidelyusedontheconstructionjobsitefor:a.Laminatingbeamsb.
Connectingframingmembersc.Bondingtheframetothefoundationd.Attachingsubflooring
andwallpanels(Answer:d)

CHAPTER4:HEAVYTIMBERFRAMECONSTRUCTION
AnswerstoQuestionsintheTest
1.Heavytimberframingreceivesrelativelyfavorablefireratingsbecauselargetimberscatch
fireandburnrelativelyslowly,anddonotlosestrengthasquicklyasunprotectedsteelmembers
duringafire.
2.Whereawoodbeamjoinsamasonrywall,itmustbeprotectedagainstdecayfrommoisture
thatmaybepresentinthemasonry,itmustbeanchoredtothemasonrysoitcannotpullaway,
anditmustbefastenedinsuchawaythatitcanrotateoutofthewallwithoutdamagingthewall
ifthebeamshouldburnthroughduringafire.
AdditionalQuestions
1.HowisfloortiltingduetowoodshrinkagepreventedinabuildingofMillconstruction?
(Answer:Columnsaredetailedsotheydonotbearoncrossgrainwoodatthefloorlines.This
isdoneeitherbyusingasinglelongcolumnfromfoundationtoroof,buttingcolumnsectionsto
oneanotheratfloorlineswithonlysteelplatesbetween,orusingironpintlecapstotransmit
columnloadsthroughthefloorstructures.)
2.Explainwhylonglaminatedwoodbeamsareoftensplicedbetweencolumnsratherthanat
columns.(Answer:Bysplicingbeamswithhingeconnectionsatpointsofzeromoment,the
bendingactionofeachbeamcanbemadefullycontinuous,whichresultsinmaximumstructural
economybyminimizingthesizeofthebeam.)
TrueFalseQuestions
1.TwoinchframingmembersarepermittedintheroofsofHeavyTimberbuildings.(F)
2.FloorconstructionsinHeavyTimberbuildingsmaynothaveanyinternalcavities.(T)
3.FinishflooringoverthestructuraldeckofabuildingofMillconstructionisoptional.(F)
4.AllHeavyTimberbuildingsmusthaveexteriormasonryorconcretewalls.(Fesuchwallsare
notrequiredifthereissufficientspacebetweenbuildings.)
MultipleChoiceQuestions
1.WindupliftoftheroofofabuildingoftraditionMillconstructioniscounteractedby:a.Tying
theroofbeamstogetherwithirondogsb.Usingscuppersaroundtheperimeteroftheroofc.

Usingonlyheavytimberroofdeckingd.Runningasteelanchorstrapdownthemasonrywall
fromtheendofeachroofframingmember(Answer:d)
2.Whichofthefollowingheavytimberframesmustbebuttressedortiedatthebasetoresist
horizontalthrusts:a.Archb.Continuousbeamc.Rigidframeorportalframed.Domee.Truss
(Answer:a,c,d)

CHAPTER5:WOODLIGHTFRAMECONSTRUCTION
AnswerstoQuestionsintheText
3.Inballoonframingthestudsruninonepiecefromthesilltotherafterplate,whileinplatform
framingthestudsareinterruptedbythefloorplatforms.Balloonframinghaslessvertical
shrinkagefromdryingoutofthewood,whileplatformframingiseasierandsafertoerectandis
automaticallyfirestopped,forwhichreasonsithasbecomethemethodofchoice.
4.Platformframingisautomaticallyfirestoppedateachfloorbythedoubletopplate.
5.Awoodbeamunderthegroundfloorofaplatformframewillprobablydryandshrink,allowing
thefloortotilt,whileasteelbeamwillnot.Agluelaminatedwoodbeamisanacceptable
substituteforasteelbeambecauseitismadeofthoroughlyseasonedwoodandwillbefairly
stabledimensionally.
6.Aplatformframebuildingisbracedlaterallyeitherbyletindiagonalbracingatthecorners,or
byrigidsheathingsuchasplywoodpanelsordiagonalboards.
7.Abuildingcodedealswiththecombustibilityofplatformframinginseveralways.Most
importantly,itrestrictstheheightandsizeofsuchbuildings,tokeepoccupantloadslowand
escaperoutesshort.Escapeofoccupantsisalsofacilitatedbysmokeandheatalarms,and
bedroomwindowsofasizesufficienttopermitthepassageofoccupantsandfirefighters.
Buildingcodesalsoencourage(andinmanyspecificinstancesrequire)theprotectionofthe
woodframewithfireresistantmaterialssuchasgypsumboardorplaster,andsometimeswith
sprinklers.
AdditionalQuestions
1.Howisaplatformframeanchoredtoaconcreteormasonryfoundation?(Answer:Bymeans
ofanchorboltsembeddedinthefoundation,towhichthesillsareattached.)
2.Diagraminsimplifiedfashionhowacarpenterusesaframingsquaretolayoutacommon
rafterandahiprafter.(TheanswerscanbeextractedfromFigures5.47and5.51.)
3.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofrooftrussesascomparedtoconventional
roofframing?(Answer:Inmanycasestrussesarequickertoerectanduselessmaterialthan
theraftersandceilingjoiststheyreplace.Theycanalsospanmuchfartherthanmost
conventionalroofframing.Inmostcases,however,rooftrussesaredifficulttoadaptto
nonstandardorhighlycomplexroofshapes,andtheydestroymostoftheusefulnessoftheattic
space.)
4.Sketchafloorframinglayoutfortheplanshown,usingjoistsspaced16"o.c.[Furnishaplan
thatisnottooextensive,butthatdoesincludeastairopening,cantileveredfloorbaysontwo
adjacentsides,andinteriorpartitionsinbothdirections.]
TrueFalseQuestions
1.Aplatformframecanbemadeentirelyofnominal2inchlumber,plussuitablesheathingand
subflooringmaterials.(T)

2.Foundationscanbebuiltentirelyofwood.(T)
3.Afoundationcanbeinsulatedeitherontheexteriorortheinterior.(T)
4.Wallframesarebuiltinahorizontalposition.(T)
5.Thesizeoffloorjoistsisindependentofthespeciesofwoodused.(F)
6.Joistbridgingisrequiredbymostcodes.(F)
7.Subflooringrunsunderthesoleplateinaplatformframe.(T)
8.Arakeisthesameasaneave.(F)=
E.MultipleChoiceQuestions
1.Interiornonbearingpartitionsthatrunparalleltothefloorjoistscanbesupportedby:a.Joist
hangersb.Supportingstudsc.Doublejoistsd.Transverseblockingbetweenjoistsc.Headers
(Answer:c,d)
2.Studsthatsupporttwofloorsandaroofmaybe:a.2x4,24"o.c.b.2x4,16"o.c.c.2x6,
24"o.c.d.2x6,16"o.c.(Answer:d)
3.Agableroofrequires:,a.Aridgebeamsupportedatintervalsbycolumnsorwallsb.Ceiling
joiststotieitagainstlateralthrustc.Eitheroftheaboved.Neitheroftheabove(Answer:c)

CHAPTER8:MASONRY

AnswerstoQuestionsintheText

1.Thereare3syllablesin"masonry."Itshouldneverbepronounced"masonerry."
2.Themostcommontypesofmasonryunitsarebricks,concretemasonryunits,andstone
.3.Mortarservesasanadhesive,holdingmasonryunitstogetherasacushiontocreatefull
bearingbetweenunitsasasealanttokeepweatherfrompenetratingbetweenunitsandasa
partofthefinishedsurfaceofthewall.
4.Bricksandblocksarelaidbyprocessesthatareverysimilar,butabrickisplacedwithone
hand,whileablockrequirestwo.
5.Mortarjointsaretooledtogiveaneatappearanceofthedesiredtype,andtocompressthe
faceofthemortarandmakeitmoreweathertight
.6.Astructuralbondtiestwoormorewythesofmasonryintoasinglewall.
7.Acavitywallpreventspenetrationofwaterthroughamasonrywallbyputtingacontinuous
verticalairspacebetweentheouterandinnerwythesofmasonry.Whenwaterreachesthe
cavity,ithasnoplacetogobutdown.Atthebottomofthecavity,thewateriscaughtbya
flashinganddrainedoutthroughweepholes.(Forcavitywalldetailsseetheillustrationsin
Chapter8.)
8.Stoneislaiddifferentlythanbrickinthatitissometimesirregularandeachpiecemust
chosenandtrimmedtofitstonesareoftentooheavytoliftbyhandandmustbeliftedwith
lewisesandhoistsmortarjointsinfinestoneworkarerakedoutandlaterpointedwith
nonstainingmortarandacidsarenotusedtocleanmanytypesofstonework.
9.Externalflashingsshouldbeinstalledatintersectionsofmasonrywallswithroofsordecks,to
preventpenetrationofwater.Internalflashingsshouldbeinstalledwhereverwatermight

penetrateoraccumulateinsideawall,suchasoverlintelsandshelfangles,undercopingsand
sills,atintermediatefloorsthatbearonthewall,andatthebaseofthewall.
10.Weepholesshouldbeprovidedjustaboveeachinternalflashing,intheoutsidewytheofthe
wall.Theirfunctionistodrainwaterthataccumulatesovertheflashing.Theymaybe
constructedbyleavingoutthemortarinheadjoints,layingshortpiecesofropeinmortarjoints
andthenpullingthemout,orbyinsertingplasticormetaltubesinthemortar.
11.Ordinaryconstructionusesfloors,roof,andinteriorwallsofballoonframeconstruction,while
Millconstructionusesheavytimberframingforinternalconstruction.Theheavytimbersand
deckingusedinMillconstructionareslowtocatchfire.Ordinaryconstructionisusually
protectedwithplasterorgypsumboardoverthewoodcomponents,andbyfirestopping
betweenfloors.Woodmembersbearingonthemasonrywallsineithersystemarefirecutto
preventthemfromtopplingthewallshouldtheyburnthroughinafire.

SolutionstoExercisesinText
1.ArestaurantisclassifiedinFigure1.1asTypeA3,Assembly.InType4construction,the
buildingwouldbelimitedto3storiesor40'ofheight,withamaximumof12,600squarefeetper
floorbutbecausethebuildingismorethan2storieshigh,Figure1.2tellsusthatwemust
reducetheallowablefloorareaby20%,whichcomesoutto10,080squarefeetperfloor.In
Type3Bconstruction,thesefiguresdropto2stories,30',and8,400squarefeet,respectively.If
unprotectedsteeljoistsaresubstitutedforthewoodjoists,theconstructiontypebecomes2C,
butthefiguresremainthesameasforunprotectedOrdinaryconstruction.Ifprecastconcrete
plankfloorswithafireresistanceratingof2hoursareused,thebuildingbecomes
incombustiblesBylookinginthechartinFigure1.3,line11,weseethatincombustiblebuildings
with2hourfloorconstructionareclassifiedasType1Bconstruction.Returningtothechartin
Figure1.1,wefindthatourmasonryrestaurantbuildingwithprecastconcreteplankfloorswould
havenolimitationsonheightorarea
.2.Thiswallwillconsistof17blocksand16mortarjoints.Itslengthwillthereforebe16times
16",plusthelastblockat155/8".Thisaddsupto2715/8",or22'75/8".
3.Thisopeningisequivalentto4.5blocksat16"oflengtheach,plusonemortarjointof3/8".
Thisworksoutto723/8",or6'03/8".
4.44coursestimes8/3inchespercourseequals1171/3",orapproximately9'93/8".
AdditionalQuestions
1.Whatarethecomponentsofmodernmasonrymortar?(Answer:Portlandcement,lime,fine
aggregate(sand),andwater.)
2.Whatarethemajormoldingprocessesforclaybricks?(Answer:waterstruckandsandmold,
whicharehandmoldingprocesses,anddrypressandstiffmud,whicharemachinemolding
processes)
.3.Sketchanelevationviewofaportionofabrickwalllaidinrunning(orcommon,English,
Flemish)bond.tanswer:seeFigure8.17).
4.Whatarethethreemajortypesofbuildingstone?(Answer:sedimentary,metamorphic,
igneous)Giveanexampleofeach.(Answers:Sedimentarysandstone,limestone,travertine
Metamorphicmarble,slateIgneousgranite.)

5.Whatistheusualwayofaddingverticalandhorizontalsteelreinforcingtoaconcrete
masonrywall?(Answer:verticalreinforcingbarsaregroutedintothehollowcoresofthe
masonryunitsatthedesiredintervals,andhorizontaljointreinforcingmadeofverythinsteel
barsislaidintothebedjointsofmortaratthedesiredintervals.)
6.Whatisthechiefreasontobuildamasonrycavitywall?(Answer:Acavitywallismuchmore
resistanttothepassageofwaterthanasolidwall.Additionally,acavitywallmaybethermally
insulatedbyaddingslabsofplasticfoaminsulationwithinthecavity.)
7.Sketchadetailsectionofthebaseofacavitywallwithabrickfacingandan8"concrete
blockbackup.Labelalltheparts.
TrueFalseQuestions
1.QuicklimeismixedwithPortlandcement,sand,andwatertomakemortar.(F)
2.Masonryunitsshouldalwaysbewettedbeforelaying.(F.undermostconditionsunitsshould
belaidwithoutwetting).
3.Bricksshrinkconsiderablyduringfiring.(T)
4.Thereisnotrulystandardbricksize.(T)
5.Mortarcolorisoflittleconsequencetothefinishedappearanceofabrickwall.(F)
6.Flemishbondispurelydecorative.(F)
7.Itispossibletobuildabrickdomewithoutusingformwork.(T)
8.Itisalmostimpossibletobuildbrickwallsthatcontainsteelreinforcingbars.(F)
9.Limestoneiseasilycutjustafteritisquarried,butbecomesharderwithage.(T)
10.Ashlarstoneisveryirregular.(F)
11.Marbleworkshouldbecleanedwithmuriaticacidafterthemortarhashardenedsufficiently.
(F)
12.Thereisnotrulystandardsizeofconcreteblock.(F)
MultipleChoiceQuestions
1.Portlandcementmortarthatisgrowinghardbeforeusemayberetemperedwithwaterand
used:a.within30minutesofitsmixingb.withinonehourofitsmixingc.within90minutesofits
mixingd.withinahalfdayofitsmixinge.withinadayofitsmixing(Answer:c)
2.Themoststandardmortarjointthicknessis:
a.1/8"(3.2mm)b.1/4"(6.4mm)c.3/8"(9.5`mm)d.1/2"(12.7mm)
e.5/8"(15.9mm)(Answer:c)
3.Whichofthefollowingmortarjointprofilesareappropriateuseoutdoorsinasevereclimate:
a.weatheredb.concavec.veed.flush
e.rakedf.strippedg.struck(Answer:b,c)
4.TypeI(moisturecontrolled)concretemasonryunitsshouldbespecified:
a.Whereappearanceisimportant
b.Indampweather
c.Forundergroundwork
d.Insevereclimates
e.Whereshrinkageofawallmustbecontrolled
(Answer:e)

5.Movementjointsshouldbelocatedinmasonrywalls:

a.atdiscontinuitieswherecrackswouldtendtoform
b.everyfourthcourse
c.everysixthcourse
d.everyseventhcourse
e.atachangeofbrickbond
(Answer:a)

6.Internalflashingsshouldbelocatedinmasonrywalls:a.belowcopingsandsillsb.above
lintelsandshelfanglesc.belowlintelsandshelfanglesd.atthebaseofthewalle.everysixth
course(Answer:a,b,d)

CHAPTER9:STEELFRAMECONSTRUCTION
AnswerstoQuestionsintheText
1.Steelisanyofarangeofironalloysthatcontainlessthan2%carbon,whileironmaycontain
alargerproportionofcarbon.
2.Steelstructuralshapesareproducedbypassingsteelbetweenrollerswhileitisstillhot
enoughtobeformedeasily.Thedifferentweightsandthicknessesofashapeareproducedby
varyingthespacingbetweentherollers.
3.Thefabricatorreceivessteelshapesfromthemillandpreparesthemforspecificbuilding
framebycuttingthemtolength,punchingordrillingconnectorholesasrequired,adding
connectinganglesandplates,andcamberingandprimingthecomponentsasrequired.The
erectorreceivesthesepreparedbuildingpartsfromthefabricatorandassemblesthemonthe
buildingsite.
4.AW21X68isawideflangesteelsectionnominally21"indepthandweighing68poundsper
linearfoot.
5.Inamomentconnection,theflangesorabeamorgirderareattachedtotheadjoining
memberwithwelds(or,rarely,withbolts)thatareasstrongastheflangesthemselves.One
membercannotrotatewithoutrotatingtheothermember.Inashearconnection,theweldsor
boltsaredesignedtotransmitonlytheverticalloadfromthebeamorgirdertotheadjoining
member,andsmallrotationsarepossiblebetweenthetwomembers.Momentconnectionsare
usedforjointsthatmustbemaderigidtocontributetotheoverallrigidityofthebuilding,orto
createstructuralcontinuitybetweenmembers.Shearconnectionsarelessexpensivethan
momentconnectionsandareusedforallotherconnections.
6.Thetopflangeofabeamisoftencopedsoitstopsurfacecanlieinthesameplaneasthe
topofagirdertowhichitisconnected.Thebottomflangeiscopedinaknifeconnectiontoallow
thebeamtobeinsertedbetweentheconnectinganglesbyslidingitinfromabove.
7.Compositeconstructionallowsasteelbeamordeckandtheconcretefillabovetoact
togetherasasinglestructuralunit,whichallowstheuseofalightersteelmemberthanwould
otherwisebethecase.
8.Steelisadvantageousinafirebecauseitisincombustibleanddoesnotcontributefueltothe
fireasawoodbeamdoes.Steeldoes,however,losemuchofitsstrengthatelevated
temperatures,somustbeprotectedbyincombustiblematerialsthatwillinsulateitfromthehigh
temperaturesofafire.

9.Trusses,dome,arches,cablenetstructure,spacetruss
.
AnswerstoExercises
3.AdepartmentstoreisclassifiedasUseGroupM,Mercantile.Assumingithasnoautomatic
firesuppressionsystem,weseefromthetableinFigure1.1thatthelowesttypeofconstruction
thatmightpermitafourstorybuildingwith17,500squarefeetperfloorisType2A,butwemust
correcttheallowableareaperfloor(22,800)witha10%adjustmentforafourstorybuildingas
specifiedbyFigure1.2.Thisgives20,520squarefeetperfloor,whichisgreaterthanthe17,500
wewishtobuild,soType2Aconstructionwillsuffice.MovingtoFigure1.3,wecannow
determineonline9thatlowerfloorcolumnsmusthave2hourprotection,online11thatfloor
beamsmustbe11/2hours,roofbeams(line12)mustbe1hour,andwallsaroundshaftsand
stairways(lines5and6)mustbeof2hourconstruction.
AdditionalQuestions
1.Whyaretheedgesofsteelmembersbeveledinsomecasesbeforewelding?(Answer:A
bevelededgeallowsaccessfortheweldingelectrodesomultiplepassescanbemadetofillthe
jointwithweldmetaltothesamethicknessasthememberbeingconnected).
2.WhatisthedifferencebetweenanAISCType1connectionandanAISCType2connection?
(Answer:TheType1isamomentconnection,andtheType2isashearconnection.)
3.Whereisaseatedconnectionlikelytobeused,andwhy?(Answer:Aseatedconnectionis
usedtoconnectabeamorgirdertoacolumnweb,becauseitallowsbetteraccessfor
pneumaticwrenchesinthisrestrictedlocationthandoesaframedconnection.)
4.Inwhatcircumstanceisabuttplateusedinacolumntocolumnconnection?(Answer:
Wherethecolumnchangesfromonenominalsizeofsectiontoanother.)
5.Whyarecolumnssplicedatwaistlevelabovethefloor?(Answer:Thisavoidsconflictwith
beamcolumnconnections,andisconvenientfortheironworkerstoreach.)
TrueFalseQuestions
1.MoststeelbeamsareIbeamshapes.(F)
2.Openwebsteeljoistsaremadebycuttingthewebofawideflangesectionalongazigzag
path,thenrejoiningthetwohalvesinagreaterdepthbywelding.(F)
3.Rivetingofsteelbuildingframesisobsolete.(T)
4.Inslipcriticalconnections,theboltsgripthetwosteelcomponentssotightlytogetherthatthe
loadistransferredbetweenthembyfriction.(T)
5.Plumbingupreferstotheprocessofraisingsectionsofsteelfromthegroundtotheirposition
inthebuilding.(F)
6.Columnbaseplatesforsmallercolumnsareusuallyattachedtothecolumnsinthefabricator's
shop.(T)
7.Plategirdersareavailablefromstockinavarietyofsizesandspans.(F)
8.Rigidframesareeconomicalforlowcostmanufacturedsteelbuildings.(T)
9.Tensilestructuresmadeofsteelcablescanbemaderigidagainstwinduplift.(T)

F.MultipleChoiceQuestions
1.Steelstructural`:shapesareproducedby:a.castingb.forgingc.dieformingd.rollinge.
milling(Answer:d)
2.ThewidthoftheflangeofaW12X14:a.is12"b.is14"

c.isthestandard6"dimensionusedforallWsectionsd.isuptothemillthatproducesite.
mustbelookedupinahandbook(Answer:e)
3.MildstructuralsteelisdesignatedbytheASTMnumberof:
a.A36b.A242c.A441d.A572e.A588
(Answer:a)
4.Thefollowingmaterialsaregoodforfireproofingsteelcolumns:
a.Concreteb.Brickworkc.Metallathandplasterd.Gypsumboarde.Sprayonfireproofing
f.Mineralfiberslabsg.Intumescentcoatings
(Answer:alloftheabove)