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Introduction
WelcometoNextThingCodocumentation.
CHIPisbuiltformaking-wevepackedapowerfulprocessor,4GBofstorage,stereoaudio,videoout,andlotsofconnectionsforplayingand
makingyourprojectsandproducts.
TheCHIPOperatingSystemisbuiltfordoing:browsethenet,sendemail,playvideogames,listentomusic,writeanovel,watchavideo,or
learnprogramming.AndbecauseitsbasedonthepopularLinuxDebian,iftheressomethingyouneed,youcanprobablyinstallit.
Sohowdousethisthing?Letsgetstarted.
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Power Up
Thesinglemostimportantthingtousinganyelectronicdeviceisgettingelectricitytotherightplaces.WeregoingtocoverhowtoturnCHIP
on.Thismightseemsostraightforwardthatitdoesntdeserveseveralparagraphs,butCHIPisprettyclever,sotheresactuallyafewthings
worthknowing.
WHATS IT NEED?
Ingeneral,CHIPispoweredbya5-voltsourcelikeaUSBportorphonecharger,anddrawsabout500mApeak(atboottime),runsonaround
100mA,andrestswitharound80mAwiththeprocessortotallyunloaded.Tomakesureyouhaveenoughheadroom,werecommendthatyou
usea5vpowersupplywithatleast900mAcurrentavailable.Thismaybemorethanyouneedtoknowifyoujustwanttoplugitintothewall,
but,asyoubuildprojectswithCHIP,youllbehappytoknowtheresalotofwaystogettheelectricityflowing.
HOW DO I KNOW CHIP IS ON?
CHIPissilent.Itdoesnttakemuchenergy,soitsnotveryhot.Ithasnodiscerniblesmell.Asaresult,manyofyoursensesarenotgreat
indicatorsthatitisworking.TherearetwoLEDsnexttotheUSBmicroconnector.WhenCHIPison,youshouldseethe PWR LEDlightupnice
andbright.
POWER FROM THE WALL
TheCHIPsmicroUSBconnectorisusedtoprovidepowerfrommostanyUSBpowersource.USBwall-wartadaptersareprobablylitteredall
overyourhouse.Ifforsomereasonyoudonthaveone,youcanbuyoneatanyelectronicsretailer.Werecommenda5Vpowersupplywithat
least900mAcurrentavailable.JustplugaUSB-A-to-microUSB-Bcable(thatsthesamecablemostphones,tablets,andwhatnotuseto
charge)intothewall-wartandCHIP,andyoullseethe PWR LEDlightup.ThisCHIPisusingthepowerfromacomputersUSBport:
CHIPcanalsobebatterypowered.Specifically,anysinglecell(1S)3.7VLithiumPolymer(LiPo)batterywitha2-pinJST-PH2.0mmendcanbe
connectedtotheJST-PHsocket.
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TheJSTcanonlyplugitinoneway:ifyouarehavingahardtimeliningthingsup,turnitaround!Needlesstosay,donotforcethebattery
connectorintothesocketifsomethingdoesntfeelright!
Whatsreallygreatisthatifyouplugintoachargerandpluginabattery,thebatterywillcharge-allthepowermanagementisonCHIP
itself.Roughly,ittakesaboutfourtosixhourstochargea3000mAhLiPobatteryfroma5V1Apowersource.Also,ourdelightfullittlePower
ManagementIC,theAXP209,handlespass-throughpower,sowhileonandchargingabattery,CHIPisbasicallyrunningonaun-interruped
powersupplyIfchargepowerfails,CHIPseamlesslyswitchesontobatterypowerwithoutshuttingoff.
Connect To WiFi
ConnectingtoaWiFinetworkiseasyusingtheWiFiiconthetoprightsystemtray.Justselectanetworktoinitiateaconnection.Ifthenetwork
requiresapasswordyoullbepromptedforit.
Ifyouneedmorecontrolandinformationoveryournetworkconnection,usetheSettings->NetworkConnectionspaneltoshowyour
connections.Doubleclickonaconnectiontobringuptheconnectioneditor:
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Connect Bluetooth
BluetoothdevicesetupcanbeaccessedusingtheBluetoothiconinthetoprightsystemtray.
Whenyoubeginaconnection,youllbeguidedthroughthenecessarystepstoconnecttoyourdevice.Forexample,whenyoupairwitha
keyboard,youlloftenbepromptedforacodetoentertoensureauniqueconnection.Onceyouhavepairedadevice,futureconnectionswill
usuallybeautomaticwhenthedevicesareinrangeandpoweredup.
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Youcanmanage,andalsoconnectto,yourdevicesusingthetheBluetoothDevicespanel,accessedfromtheBluetoothsystemtray:
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youllbeaskedforanewpassword.Dontforgetit!!
Ifyouaresuchafanofthecommandline,youmaywanttobootwithoutthedesktopandwindowsystem.Instructionsforthatarehere
Connecting Accessories
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CHIPhasalotofconnectors,someforbuilding,somefordoingnormalcomputerthings.Thissectioncoversthenormalcomputerthings,like
audio,video,andinput.
Recommended Accessories
CHIPisaminimalcomputer.ManyCHIPusersmayneverconnectcommonperipherals,insteadusingCHIPasaheadlesscomputer.Like
desktopcomputersfromBestBuy,youmayfindthatcertainaccessorieswillimprovetheoveralusabilityofCHIP.Werecommend:
BluetoothKeyboard
USBmouse
Monitorwithacompositevideoinput
USBcable:USB-AtomicroUSB-B
TRRStoRCAconnector
Additionally,someoftheadvancedtutorialsrequire:
SpeakerswithRCAaudioinput
Jumperwire
USBtoUARTcable
SinglecellLithiumPolymerbattery
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Monitor
Inthespiritofkeepingthingssmall,CHIPpacksalltheaudioandvideointoasmallTRRS(Tip-Ring-Ring-Sleeve)connector.Built-invideo
outputisrestrictedtostandardcompositevideoresolutionof640x480.(HigherresolutionscanbeachievedwiththeupcomingVGAandDVI
outputaccessories.)
Hereswhattheotherendofthecablelookslike,attachedtoamonitorwithstereoaudioinputs(redandwhite)andthecompositevideo
plug,movedsoyoucanseethelabelonthemonitor:
CHIPcomeswitha1/8"(3.5mm)Tip-Ring-Ring-Sleeve(TRRS)jack,capableofcarryingstereoaudio,andeithercompositevideoout,or
microphonein.
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Thisisafairlycommonport,butthereareafewdifferentarrangementsoftheconductors,sonotallcablesareequal.Fortunately,CHIPuses
thesameconductorarrangementasPi,Zune,andiPodaudio/videocables,sothemostcommonminitoRCAA/Vcablesshouldworkjust
fine.
Somecableswillroutesignalsabitdifferently,usingtheRedRCAcableforVideoinsteadofYellow.Ifvideooutisntworkingthroughthe
yellowcable,seeifredworks.Ifnot,yourcablemaybeaversionthatsarrangedinawaythatitjustwontworkwithCHIP:
yellow:video
red:stereoaudiorightchannel
white:stereoaudioleftchannel
TheconductorsontheTRRSplugarearrangedlikethis:
IfyouwanttolearnevenmoreaboutTRRSconnectorsandthegenerallackofstandardizationwiththem,thispagehasevenmoredetails.
NTSC OR PAL
ThecompositevideoformatisNTSCbydefault.IfyouneedtohookuptoamonitorthatonlyusesaPALsignal,youllneedtochangethatat
u-boottime.First,connecttoCHIPwithaUARTcable.ThenpowerupCHIP,andpressakeyonthekeyboardtobootintou-bootmodeto
changetheenvironmentvariablemanually.
printenvvideomode
setenvvideomode(modedata)
saveenv
reset
wheremodedatacanbe,forNTSCandPALrespectively:
setenvvideomodesunxi:640x48024@60,monitor=compositentsc,overscan_x=40,overscan_y=20
setenvvideomodesunxi:720x57624@50,monitor=compositepal,overscan_x=40,overscan_y=20
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Headphones
TheaudioandvideoconnectoronCHIPcanbededicatedtoaudiooutputsuitableforheadphonesorconnectingtoanamplifierforfillinga
roomorpublicspacewithglorioussound.Justconnectastandard3.5mm(1/8")TRSaudioplugintoCHIPsa/vjack.Ofcourse,if
headphonesarepluggedin,therewillbenoroomforacompositevideooutputjack.Youcanalsogetaudioleft,common,andrightoutput
frompins4,6&8onheaderU14.
Asanotherreference,ifyouhadX-rayvisionandyouwerelookingfromthetopofCHIP,youdseeatracelikethis:
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Ifthecompositevideoconnectionisneededagain,justreversetheprocess:desoldertheconnectionbetweenmicandthemiddlepad,then
solderabridgebetweentvandthemiddlepad.
USB Storage
Ifyouhavefilesthatyouwanttomodify,use,ortransfertoCHIPsinternalstorage,youcanattachaUSBthumbdrive,card-reader,orhard
drive.Openthefilemanagerandaccessthefiles.
USB Audio
CHIPcanuseClass-compliantUSBaudiodevices.Apopular,andinexpensivechoiceforaudiodevicesareUSBdonglesbasedontheC-Media
chipset.ThesehavebeentestedsuccessfullywithCHIPandcanoftenbepurchasedforlessthan$10.Somegoodresourcesforlinuxand
audiocompatibilityareonthelinuxaudioandalsaprojectwebsites.
ManyofthedrivershavenotbeentestedwithCHIP-asCHIPmatures,moreinformationwillbeavailable.Fornow,werecommenedUSB
Class-compliantorplug-and-playaudiodevices.
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Likeanymodernlaptop,CHIPcanrunandchargeanysingle-cellLiPobattery.ReadmoreinthepoweringCHIPsection.
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WIFI
ConnectingtoaWiFinetworkiseasyusingtheWiFiiconthetoprightsystemtray.Justselectanetworktoinitiateaconnection.Ifyouneeda
password,youllbepromptedforit.
Ifyouneedmorecontrolandinformationoveryournetworkconnection,usetheSettings->NetworkConnectionspaneltoshowyour
connections.Doubleclickonaconnectiontobringuptheconnectioneditor:
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BLUETOOTH
BluetoothdevicesetupcanbeaccessedusingtheBluetoothiconinthetoprightsystemtray.
Whenyoubeginaconnection,youllbeguidedthroughthenecessarystepstoconnecttoyourdevice.Forexample,whenyoupairwitha
keyboard,youlloftenbepromptedforacodetoentertoensureauniqueconnection.Onceyouhavepairedadevice,futureconnectionswill
usuallybeautomaticwhenthedevicesareinrangeandpoweredup.
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Youcanmanage,andalsoconnectto,yourdevicesusingthetheBluetoothDevicespanel,accessedfromtheBluetoothsystemtray:
SOUND
Bydefaultsoundoutputcomesfromthebuilt-inconnector,servedbythesunxicodecdriver.Ifyouwanttochangethevolume,youcan
usethevolumecontrolinthetoprightsystemtray:
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Or,opentheAudioMixerintheMultimediacategory:
Here,youcanselectthePlaybackcategorytochangethevolume:
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Ifyoudontseethatcontrol,justclickontheSelectControlsbuttonandenableallcontrols:
DISPLAY
UsetheSettings->Displaycontrolpaneltoadjustthemonitorsresolutionandrotationsettings:
Ifyouwanttocustomizethedesktopimage,icons,colors,andfonts,therearetwodifferentpanels.TheAppearancepanelletsyouselecta
themetomakeinstantchangesforseveralproperties.
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TheDesktoppanelletsyoucustomizeimagesandcolors,alongwiththebehaviorofmenus.
Ifyouwanttochangethethemeortheiconsets,youcansearchfortheseusingtheSynapticPackageManager.Searchfor gtk2themes or
iconsets .Therearealsopackagesthatcanmakeiteasytofindandconfigurethemes,suchas gtkthemeconfig. Similarlyyoucanusethe
commandlinetosearchpackageswith aptcachesearchgtk2theme .
TIME AND DATE
SettheTimewiththeOrageGlobaltimepanel.ThiscanbefoundinAccessories->OrageGlobaltimeorinOffice->OrageGlobaltime.Simply
clickthetimetobringupthepreferencespanel.YoucanquicklyviewthedatefromtheOrageCalendarintheOfficemenu.
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MOUSE SENSITIVITY
Mousesensitivityissetforthedefault640x480resolution.IfyouareusingCHIPwithahigherresolutionmonitor,youmaywanttoadjustthe
sensitivityofthemouse.YoucangettotheMousesettingspanelfromComputerThings->Settings->MouseandTouchpad
CHIPsoperatingsystemcomeswithadefaultlanguageofEnglish.Youcanchangethelanguageandthelocation,butyoullneedtousethe
terminaltodoso.UsetheComputerThings!menutolaunchtheTerminalEmulator.Thenusethe aptget commandtoinstallthelanguage
packsandrunasimpleprogramtoconfigureyourlanguageandlocation:
sudoaptgetupdate&&sudoaptgetinstalllocales&&sudodpkgreconfigurelocales&&sudolocalegen
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Youcansetthetimezonewith sudodpkgreconfiguretzdata
Or,formorecontrol,launchtheApplicationFinderinAccessories,whereyoucanusethesearchbarandeasilynavigateamongthe
categories:
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Belowaresomeoftheapplicationsthatcomepre-installedwithCHIP:
ABIWORD
AbiWordisafullyfeaturedwordprocessor.YoucanlearnmoreatTheAbiWordwebsite
IceWeaselisaDebianLinuxversionoftheFirefoxbrowser.ThebrowserislargelythesameasFirefox,justwithadifferentname.More
informationisattheDebianwebsiteandinthisstackexchangethread.
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VIDEO PLAYER
CHIPplaysvideo!Usethebuilt-inMplayertoopenandplayvideos.
TERMINAL (COMMANDLINE)
Thelifebloodoflinux.Iftheressomethingyoucantdoonthedesktop,oryouwanttoautomatetasks,oraccessdifferenthardwaresettings
usingnothingbutakeyboardandtext,youllopenupTerminal.
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ThesearetheapplicationsinstalledbydefaultonCHIPasaccessedthroughtheGUI.
ApplicationFinder
BulkRename
Leafpad
OrageGlobaltime
Screenshot
TaskManager
ThunerFileManger
Xarchiver
AlextheAllegator4
Spout
Viewnior
IceWeaselWebBrowser
AudioMixer
GNOMEMPlayer
QjackCtl
AbiWord
AtrilDocumentViewer
Gnumetric
OrangeCalendar
OrageGlobaltime
Htop
PackageUpdater
SynapticPackageManager
XfceTerminal
Notifications
VariousSystemSettings
Zip(andUnZip)
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Theresasimplesearchbartomakeiteasytofindpackagesyouareinterestedin.Ifyoudontfindthepackageyouarelookingfor,hitthe
ReloadbuttontorefreshSynapticsrecordofavailablepackages.
UsingSynapticisveryeasy.Forexample,ifyouwantedtoinstalltheScratchProgrammingEnvironment,youcansimplysearchforscratch
andyoullgetalotofresults.Scrollthrough,andyoulleventuallyfindscratchinthepackageswindow.However,youllprobablywantto
narrowyourresultswithbettersearchterms,suchasscratchprogrammingenvironments
Whensearchiscomplete,youcanselectscratchfromthepackagepanel.
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PressthetopApplybutton,andyoullgetthefollowingdialog:
andyoullbenotifiedoftheprogress:
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Afteraminuteorso,youllbenotifiedthatitsfinished:
Nowthatitsinstalled,youcanlaunchscratch:
AUTO UPDATE
CHIPwillautomaticallylookforanyupdatesandalertyouifupdatesareavailableforyourexistingsoftwareandtheoperatingsystem.
APT-GET
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Ifyouarenewtoapt,someimportantcommandstoknow:
sudoaptgetupdate updatestheinformationfromrepositories,soanyinstallsyoumakewith install willbethelatestpackage
sudoaptgetupgrade upgradesanyinstalledpackages.
sudoaptgetinstall(nameofpackage) toinstallapackageandanyofitsdependencies.
sudoaptgetremove(nameofpackage) willremoveapackageandanydependenciesnotusedbyotherpackages
sudoaptgetpurge(nameofpackage) willremoveapackageandanydependenciesnotusedbyotherpackagesalongwithallsettings
data
aptcachesearch(searchterms) willsearchthroughthepackagerepositoriesfornamesanddescriptionsthatincludeyoursearchterm.
Uninstall Software
YoucanusetheSynapticPackagemanagertouninstallanypackagesyounolongerneed.Ifyouknowthename,youcanusetheSearch
functiontofindthepackage,thenMarkitforRemoval.
Forexample,ifyouwanttoremoveAbiWord,firstopenSynapticandsearchforabiword:
Oncefound,selectAbiWordinthepackagelist,andselectMarkforRemovalinthePackagemenu:
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Ifthereareadditional,relatedpackagesthatneedtoberemoved,youllbenotified:
Finally,pressthetopApplymenutoremovethepackages:
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Youllbenotifiedwhatchangeswillbeapplied:
Finally,youcanconfirmthatAbiWordhasbeenremovedbycheckingtheApplicationsmenu:
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NexttimeyoubootCHIP,itwillnotloadthedesktoporwindowenvironment,leavingyouwithcommand-lineoperationonly.Ifyouwantedto
returntobootingintotheGUI,youcanusethiscommandbeforeyoureboot:
sudosystemctlsetdefaultgraphical.target
TheotheroptionistorunalinuxdistributionwithnoGUIinstalled.Youmaywanttodothisifyouwanttousecommandlineonlyandwantto
savesomestoragespace.YoucanfollowinstructionstoflashCHIPwithbuildroot,orDebian(withnoGUI).
CHIP Hardware
CHIPissmall,butitpacksalotofhardwareonthePCB.Heresanoverviewoftheconnectionsandcomponents.
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Wireless
WIFI
CHIPsupports802.11b/g/nusingthebuilt-inWiFi.
BLUETOOTH
CHIPsupportstheBluetooth4.0LEstandardusingthebuilt-inBluetooth.
Physical Connectors
CHIPisloadedwithessentialconnectorsforUSB,serial,audio,video,andloadsofIOonthepinheaders.Oh,andabuttontoo!
BUTTON
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ThereisatinytinybuttononCHIPnexttopinheaderU13thatisusedforturningCHIPonoroff.IfCHIPisoffandconnectedtoapower
source,holddownthebuttonforonesecondtopoweritup.ToturnCHIPoff(ratherbrutally),holdthebuttonfor10seconds.We
recommendusingtheoperatingsystemtopowerCHIPoff,butifyouneedto,youcanusethisbutton.
USB
ThesingleUSBportonCHIPisUSB2.0compatible.Itcanprovideupto500mAofcurrent,asisstandardforUSBportsoncomputers.Ifyou
needtoprovidemorecurrent,werecommendapoweredUSBhub.
USB ON THE GO
ThemicroUSBportisgenerallyusedtoprovidepowerforCHIP.However,sinceCHIPcanbepoweredthroughthepinheadersorabattery,
thisportcanbeusedfordifferentthings.Bydefault,connectingCHIPsmicroUSBtoacomputerwillcreateaUSBSerialconnection,soyou
canaccessCHIPwitha screen or cu sessioninaterminal.WithLinuxkernelmodifications,itispossibletoenableothermodes,suchasan
Ethernetbridge.
COMPOSITE VIDEO AND STEREO AUDIO
The1/8"TRRSconnectorprovidescompositevideoandstereoaudiooutput.Headphonescanbepluggedinforaudioonly.
AudioInputusesthesameconnectionontheTRRSconnectorasthecompositevideosignal.Ifyouwanttomakeaudioinputactiveonthe
TRRSconnector,youneedtocutacircuitboardtrace.Thisisnotaspermanentasitsounds,asitiseasytore-enablecompositevideoout
withasmallamountofsoldering.
PIN HEADERS
ThePinHeadersprovideamassiveamountofconnectivity,makingCHIPasuitableplatformforproductdevelopmentforphysicalcomputing
andinternetofthingsdevices.Heresabasicdiagramthatlabelsallthepins:
U13L
U13R
U14L
U14R
GND:ground
CHG-IN:5Vinput(power
andbatterycharge)
GND:ground
VCC-5V:5Vpower
VCC-5V:5V
power
GND:ground
UART1-TX:UARTserial
transmit
HPL:audiooutleft
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VCC-3V3:3V
power
TS:analogtemperature
sensorinput
UART1-RX:UARTserial
receive
HPCOM:audiooutcommonground
VCC-1V8:1.8V
power
BAT:LiPobattery
FEL:felmode:connectto
groundtoputCHIPinfel
modeforfirmware
HPR:audiooutright
TWI1-SDA:twowireserialbus1
PWRON:poweron
VCC-3V3:3voltpower
MICM:micmute
TWI1-SCK:twowireserialbus1
GND:ground
LRADC:low-resAnalogDigitalConverter
MICIN1:audioin
X1:Resistive
touchpanelinput
(touchscreen)
X2:Resistivetouchpanel
input(touchscreen)
XIO-P0:expanderGPIO
XIO-P1:expanderGPIOpin1
Y1:Resistive
touchpanelinput
Y2:Resistivetouchpanel
input(touchscreen)
XIO-P2:expanderGPIOpin
2
XIO-P3:expanderGPIOpin3
LCD-D2:RGB666
data
PWM0:pulsewidth
modulation(alsousedfor
LCDbacklightdimming)
XIO-P4:expanderGPIOpi
XIO-P5:expanderGPIOpin5
LCD-D4:RGB666
data
LCD-D3:RGB666data
XIO-P6:expanderGPIOpin
6
XIO-P7:expanderGPIOpin7
LCD-D6:RGB666
data
LCD-D5:RGB666data
GND:ground
GND:ground
LCD-D10:
RGB666data
LCD-D7:RGB666data
AP-EINT1:Application
ProcessorInterrupt
AP-EINT3:ApplicationProcessorInterruptpin,
necessaryforcertainkindsofhardware-software
interactions(keyboardexpander,etc.)
LCD-D12:
RGB666data
LCD-D11:RGB666data
TWI2-SDA:two-wireserial
bus2(I2C)
TWI2-SCK(*):two-wireserialbus2(I2C)
LCD-D14:
RGB666data
LCD-D13:RGB666data
CSIPCK:CMOSserial
interface
CSICK:CMOSserialinterface,canbeusedfor
attachingaserialcamerasensor
LCD-D18:
RGB666data
LCD-D15:RGB666data
CSIHSYNC:CMOSserial
interface
CSIVSYNC:CMOSsync
LCD-D20:
RGB666data
LCD-D19:RGB666data
CSID0:CMOSserial
interface
CSID1:CMOSserialinterface
LCD-D22:
RGB666data
LCD-D21:RGB666data
CSID2:CMOSserial
interface
CSID3:CMOSserialinterface
LCD-CLK:
RGB666clock
LCD-D23:RGB666data
CSID4:CMOSserial
interface
CSID5:CMOSserialinterface
LCD-VSYNC:
verticalsyncfor
LCDscreen
LCD-HSYNC:horizontal
syncforLCD
CSID6:CMOSserial
interface
CSID7:CMOSserialinterface
GND:ground
LCD-DE:RGB666data
GND:ground
GND:ground
(*)TheXIOGPIOpinsareprovidedbyanI2CExpanderataddress0x38ontheTWIbus2,assuch,thisaddressisnotavailableonbus2.
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CHIPisopensourcehardware.Hereswhereyoucangetallthedatayouneedtomake,modify,orlearnaboutyourownCHIP.VisittheCHIP
Hardwaregitrepository.
Making Stuff
CHIPismorethancool,small,inexpensivecomputer.Itsacompletesystemforbuildingprojectsthatrequireremotecontrol,network
connectivity,andphysicalinterfacingwithpeopleandtheenvironment.CHIPspinheadershavealltheconnectionstomakethishappen.An
annotateddiagramofthepinheaderscanbefoundinthehardwaresectionofthismanual.
GPIO
GPIOprovidesbasicdigitalconnectionstothephysicalworldtocreatephysicalproductswithCHIP.Thesepinscanactasreadsor'writes,
forexample,tosenseswitchpositionsorturnanLEDonoroff.
CHIPsmosteasilyavailableIOpinsaretheXIOpinsonheaderU14.ThisistheGPIOeXpanderthatusesanI2Cbustocreateeight(8)
convenientpinsforGPIO.Theseuseaddress 0x38 ontheTWIbus2.OtherpinsareavailableforGPIOifmorethaneightareneeded.
READ AND WRITE FROM COMMAND LINE
CHIPhasseveralGeneralPurposeInput/Output(GPIO)pinsavailableforyoutobuildaround.Ifyouwanttoaccesstheminaveryprimitive
way,justtoconfirmtheirexistence,heressomethingstotry.
REQUIREMENTS
CHIP
JumperWire
LED
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SSHorserialconnectiontoCHIPor
Monitorandkeyboard
HOW YOU SEE GPIO
Thereareeight(8)GPIOpinsalwaysavailableforconnectingCHIPtothesense-ableworld.IfyouorientCHIPwiththeUSBconnectorpointed
up,youllfindtheGPIOpinsinthemiddleoftherightheader,U14,Pins13-20,labeledXIO-P0toP7:
TheselinesofcodewillletusreadvaluesonpinXIO-P7.First,wetellthesystemwewanttolistentothispin:
sudoshc'echo415>/sys/class/gpio/export'
Viewthemodeofthepin.Itshouldreturnin:
cat/sys/class/gpio/gpio415/direction
ConnectajumperwirebetweenPin20(XIO-P7)andPin39(GND).Nowusethislineofcodetoreadthevalue:
cat/sys/class/gpio/gpio415/value
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Youcouldalsochangethemodeofapinfromintoout
sudoshc'echoout>/sys/class/gpio/gpio415/direction'
Nowthatitsinoutputmode,youcanwriteavaluetothepin:
sudoshc'echo1>/sys/class/gpio/gpio415/value'
IfyouattachanLEDtothepinandground,theLEDwillilluminateaccordingtoyourcontrolmessages.
ENOUGH IO
Whenyouaredoneexperimenting,youcantellthesystemtostoplisteningtothegpiopin:
sudoshc'echo415>/sys/class/gpio/unexport'
LEARN MORE
YoucanlearnmoreaboutGPIOandLinuxhere:
Python Library
APython-basedlibraryforaccessingGPIOdataisindevelopment.Youcanseesomeexamplesinuse
GPIO Types
TherearemanytypesofsensorsthatcanbeusedwithGPIO:
SWITCHES
Switchesprovideon/offstateinputfromthephysicalworldtoyourcomputer.Youcanusethecommandlineinterfacetolistentoswitch
values.ApythonlibrarywascreatedfortheChippyRuxpinprojectifyouneedahigher-levelexampleinpython.
LEDS
LEDscanbeilluminatedandturnedoffusingthecommandlineinterface.RefertotheChippyRuxpinprojectonagoodexampleonhowto
manipulatethecommandlineusingpython.
RELAYS
Relaysarespecialhardwarebridgesusedtoswitchhighervoltageelectronics,protectingCHIPfromthehighvoltagesthatwoulddestroyit.
Usingarelayboardisprogrammaticallynodifferentfromusingswitches.
Expanding GPIO
IfyoudontneedtodriveanLCD,youcanusethosepinsformore,fasterGPIOifyouwantto.Thesearethepinsnumbered18-40onU13and
27-40onU14toactasGPIOtoincreasethenumberofavailableGPIOpins.Documentationonthisprocessisforthcoming!
http://docs.getchip.com/#forwindows78amp10
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1 Wire
The1WireserialprotocolisnotyetimplementedforCHIP.
UART
UARTconnectionscanbemadeusingtheUARTconnectionsonheaderU14.
PWM
PulseWidthModulationisusedtocontrolmotorsandotherdevices.ItispossibletouseGPIOpinstodrivemotors,buttheygenerallyarenot
fastenoughforrobustandsmoothcontrol.PWMcanbeaccessedthroughan sysfs protocol.
I2C
I2Ccanbeaccessedthrougha sysfs protocolusingthedebiani2c-tools.Intheterminal,use
sudoaptgetinstalli2ctools
NotethattheXIOGPIOpinsareprovidedbyanI2Cexpanderataddress0x38ontheTWIbus2,sothataddresscannotbeusedonbus2.
Project Examples
Projectscomingsoon!
Advanced
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Forthoseinterestedinbuildingwithastripped-downversionofanoperatingsystem,orlookingtocustomizeCHIPfromthecommandline,
wehaveseveraltutorialsthatdescribehowtosetupCHIPwithmoredepth.
ComputerrunningOSX10.10+,Ubuntu14.04+,orWindows7+
Atleast1GBfreeRAM,upto40GBofdiskspacemaybeused
Software:VirtualBox,Vagrant,git,terminal
SOFTWARE SETUP
ThereareseveralrequiredsoftwarepiecestogettheCHIPSDKvirtualmachinerunning.
INSTALL VIRTUALBOX AND EXTENSIONS
GettheinstallerforVirtualBox
InstalltheOracleVMVirtualBoxExtensionPack.
IfyouareusingWindows,youneedtoaddtheVirtualBoxinstallationdirectorytoyourPATH.
IncaseofanUbuntuhost:addyourusertothevboxusersgroup!
INSTALL VAGRANT
InstallVagrantfromtheVagrantsite.Alternatively,ifOSX,youcanusethehomebrewpackagemanager:brewinstallcaskroom/cask/brewcaskbrewcaskinstallvagrant
INSTALL GIT
InstallationofGitdependsonyouroperatingsystem:
Windows:directtodownload
DebianLinux: sudoaptgetinstallgit
OSXhomebrew: brewinstallgit
CLONE THE CHIP-SDK REPOSITORY AND BOOT THE VIRTUAL MACHINE
AssumingyouhavegitinyourPATH,openupaterminalandtype:
gitclonehttps://github.com/NextThingCo/CHIPSDK
andstartupthevirtualmachine:
cdCHIPSDK
vagrantup
Inthesameshellonthehosttypethefollowing:
vagrantssh
Ifeverythingwentwellyoushouldseethefollowingprompt:
vagrant@vagrantubuntutrusty32:~$
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Heresallthecommandsinoneplace:
gitclonehttps://github.com/NextThingCo/CHIPSDK
cdCHIPSDK
vagrantup
vagrantssh
Congratulations!NowyourereadytoFlashaC.H.I.P.fromyourSDK!
TROUBLESHOOTING
Hereareafewpossibleproblems.
SHARED FOLDER OUT OF SYNC
IncaseyourunintotroublebecausethekernelintheVMwasupdatedandthesharedvagrantfoldercannolongerbemounted,updatethe
guestadditionsbytypingthefollowingintheCHIP-SDKdirectoryonthehost:
vagrantplugininstallvagrantvbguest
Thisblogposthassomemoretipsonkeepingadditionsinsync.
INVALID STATE
Ifyougetanerrorlike:
error:Theguestmachineenteredaninvalidstatewhilewaitingforittoboot.
ThisprobablymeansyourversionofVirtualBoxneedsupdatingand/orneedstheExtensionPack.Updateasnecessaryandtry vagrantup
again.
COULDNT FIND FILE
Ifyougettheerror:
error:Couldn'topenfile/Volumes/Satellite/gitbins/CHIPSDK/base
thatmeansyoudidntcdCHIP-SDK.Verybasic,perhaps,butlatenightssometimesneedthatbump!
UPDATING THE CHIP-SDK VIRTUAL MACHINE
YoumayhavebeenworkingwithCHIPforawhilenow,andyouwanttoupdatedyourSDK.Itsonlyslightlymoreinvolvedthansync'ingwith
thegitrepo;youhavetoupdatethevirtualmachine,too.
REQUIREMENTS
ComputerrunningOSX10.10+,Ubuntu14.04+,orWindows7+
ExistinginstallationofCHIP-SDK
HOW TO UPDATE
Justfollowthesesteps:
Onyourhostoperatingsystem,pullthelatestchangesfromourGitrepository:
cd~/CHIPSDK
gitpull
Makesurethevirtualmachineisshutdownandupdateit:
vagranthalt
vagrantprovision
Nowyoucanbootthevirtualmachineandsshintoit:
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vagrantup
vagrantssh
Onceyouseethetrustyprompt,yourCHIPSDKvirtualmachineisreadytouse:
vagrant@vagrantubuntutrusty32:~$
Heresallthecommandsinoneplace:
cd~/CHIPSDK
gitpull
vagranthalt
vagrantprovision
vagrantup
vagrantssh
TheoriginalbatchofCHIPsshippedwithasoftwarebugintheNANDflashstorage.Wevebuiltarepairtool.
PREPARE CHIP FOR FLASHING
PrepareCHIPwithajumperwireconnectingPin7andPin39onheaderU14(FELpinandGND).Heresareferenceimagethatlabelsthe
headersandpins:
Note:thisjumperneedstobepresentonlywhenyouconnectCHIPtopower.Ifforsomereasonthewirebecomesdisconnectedafteryou
havepoweredCHIP,thereisnoproblemorneedtopanic.
NowconnectCHIPtoyourcomputerwithamicro-USB->USB-Bcable.ThepowerLEDwillilluminate.
OPTION 1: FLASH WITH NTC BUILDROOT OS
Buildrootisaleanoperatingsystem,anddoesnothaveapackagemanagertoinstallsoftware.Youcanaddadditionalsoftwarebeforeyou
flashCHIPbycustomizingbuildroot.ToflashCHIPwiththebuildrootOS:
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cd~/CHIPtools
./chipupdatefirmware.shf
IfyouwanttoflashCHIPwiththedebianOSwithnowindowmanagerorGUI
cd~/CHIPtools
./chipupdatefirmware.shdf
The f optionmeansfastboot.Ifyouhaveproblemsflashing,particularlyonWindowsorOSX,youcandisablefastbootbyleavingoffthe-f
option: ./chipupdatefirmware.shd .Hereisasamplesuccessfuloutput.
OPTION 3: FLASH WITH CHIP OPERATING SYSTEM
IfyouwanttoflashCHIPwiththecompleteCHIPOperatingSystem
cd~/CHIPtools
./chipupdatefirmware.shdbstableguif
Duringflashing,theterminalwillfillwithmessages.Ifsuccessful,youllseeC.H.I.P.runthroughahardwaretest,withtheanswersbeing'OK.
IfC.H.I.P.is'OK,youcanremovethejumperwire.Hereisasamplesuccessfuloutput.Becauseoffilesize,theguioptionmustalsoinclude
the f fastbootoption.WindowsandOSXarenotyetsupportedasflashinghosts.
CONNECT TO CHIP AND DO SOMETHING
IfeverythingwentOK,youcannowpowerupyourCHIPagainandconnectviaserialasaUSBgadget:
screen/dev/ttyACM0115200
CUSTOMIZE BUILDROOT
Nowletsbuildyourbuildrootwithyourcustomadditions:makeThiswilltakeawhile,maybeanhour.Whenfinished,flashCHIPwiththe
script:
cd~/CHIPtools
BUILDROOT_OUTPUT_DIR=../CHIPbuildroot/output./chipfelflash.sh
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SampleoutputsareprovidedinthisappendixsoyoucanmoreeasilytroubleshootorproceedwithconfidencewhenflashingCHIPwith
firmware.
BUILDROOT OUTPUT
SampleoutputfromflashingBuildroottoCHIPlookslike:
ROOTFS_URL=http://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images
BUILD=71
BR_URL=http://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images
BR_BUILD=71
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/rootfs.ubiexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/rootfs.ubi
MD5:90315ca1fb8ff95fc6878ce8126bdf02
S3_MD5:6d59af4a0f673e1d61147e4a06dd7ba8
md5sumdiffers
2015102115:59:16http://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/rootfs.ubi
Resolvingopensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com(opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com)...54.231.176.13
Connectingtoopensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com(opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com)|54.231.176.13|:80...connected.
HTTPrequestsent,awaitingresponse...200OK
Length:54525952(52M)[binary/octetstream]
Savingto:/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/rootfs.ubi
100%[======================================>]54,525,9521.83MB/sin29s
2015102115:59:45(1.82MB/s)/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/rootfs.ubisaved[54525952/54525952]
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/sun5ir8chip.dtbexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/sun5ir8chip.dtb
MD5:de0beb674eeb382901251febfbf1cf9b
S3_MD5:de0beb674eeb382901251febfbf1cf9b
filealreadydownloaded
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/sunxispl.binexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/sunxispl.bin
MD5:dd3f9c9c0984a6c1d7cdca2921f6f448
S3_MD5:dd3f9c9c0984a6c1d7cdca2921f6f448
filealreadydownloaded
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/ubootenv.binexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/ubootenv.bin
MD5:6f2b79a781f9f490911012ec3aa653e9
S3_MD5:6f2b79a781f9f490911012ec3aa653e9
filealreadydownloaded
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/zImageexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/zImage
MD5:0d35ad764564a2cee9281715823597a2
S3_MD5:0d35ad764564a2cee9281715823597a2
filealreadydownloaded
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/ubootdtb.binexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/ubootdtb.bin
MD5:97340d221bcbcc8f0bf27e26adc26f0a
S3_MD5:97340d221bcbcc8f0bf27e26adc26f0a
filealreadydownloaded
BUILDROOT_OUTPUT_DIR=/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware
==preparingimages==
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/splimagebuilderdr3u4096o1664p16384c1024s64/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/sunxispl.bin/tmp/chipflashqVYEIs/sunxipaddedspl
filesize=3573504
PADDED_SPL_SIZE=0x000000c6
35+1recordsin
36+0recordsout
589824bytes(590kB)copied,0.00082507s,715MB/s
12+0recordsin
12+0recordsout
196608bytes(197kB)copied,0.0176519s,11.1MB/s
ImageName:flashCHIP
Created:WedOct2115:59:462015
ImageType:ARMLinuxScript(uncompressed)
DataSize:736Bytes=0.72kB=0.00MB
LoadAddress:00000000
EntryPoint:00000000
Contents:
Image0:728Bytes=0.71kB=0.00MB
==uploadtheSPLtoSRAMandexecuteit==
waitingforfel...OK
==uploadspl==
==uploaduboot==
==uploadubootscript==
==uploadubi==
100%[============================================================]
==executethemainubootbinary==
==writeubi==
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flashing................OK
login...OK
password...OK
poweroff...OK
DEBIAN OUTPUT
SampleoutputfromasuccessfulDebianoutput:
debianselected
ROOTFS_URL=http://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/debian/stable/37
BUILD=37
BR_URL=http://opensource.nextthing.co/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images
BR_BUILD=71
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/rootfs.ubiexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/debian/stable/37/rootfs.ubi
MD5:6d59af4a0f673e1d61147e4a06dd7ba8
S3_MD5:90315ca1fb8ff95fc6878ce8126bdf02
md5sumdiffers
2015102116:06:36http://opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com/chip/debian/stable/37/rootfs.ubi
Resolvingopensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com(opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com)...54.231.160.10
Connectingtoopensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com(opensource.nextthing.co.s3.amazonaws.com)|54.231.160.10|:80...connected.
HTTPrequestsent,awaitingresponse...200OK
Length:245366784(234M)[binary/octetstream]
Savingto:/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/rootfs.ubi
100%[======================================>]245,366,7841.27MB/sin2m11s
2015102116:08:48(1.78MB/s)/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/rootfs.ubisaved[245366784/245366784]
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/sun5ir8chip.dtbexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/sun5ir8chip.dtb
MD5:de0beb674eeb382901251febfbf1cf9b
S3_MD5:de0beb674eeb382901251febfbf1cf9b
filealreadydownloaded
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/sunxispl.binexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/sunxispl.bin
MD5:dd3f9c9c0984a6c1d7cdca2921f6f448
S3_MD5:dd3f9c9c0984a6c1d7cdca2921f6f448
filealreadydownloaded
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/ubootenv.binexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/ubootenv.bin
MD5:6f2b79a781f9f490911012ec3aa653e9
S3_MD5:6f2b79a781f9f490911012ec3aa653e9
filealreadydownloaded
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/zImageexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/zImage
MD5:0d35ad764564a2cee9281715823597a2
S3_MD5:0d35ad764564a2cee9281715823597a2
filealreadydownloaded
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/ubootdtb.binexists...comparingtohttp://opensource.nextthing.co/chip/buildroot/stable/71/images/ubootdtb.bin
MD5:97340d221bcbcc8f0bf27e26adc26f0a
S3_MD5:97340d221bcbcc8f0bf27e26adc26f0a
filealreadydownloaded
BUILDROOT_OUTPUT_DIR=/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware
==preparingimages==
/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/splimagebuilderdr3u4096o1664p16384c1024s64/home/doge/gits/CHIPtools/.firmware/images/sunxispl.bin/tmp/chipflashUooSfo/sunxipaddedspl
filesize=3573504
PADDED_SPL_SIZE=0x000000c6
35+1recordsin
36+0recordsout
589824bytes(590kB)copied,0.00181383s,325MB/s
12+0recordsin
12+0recordsout
196608bytes(197kB)copied,0.0164913s,11.9MB/s
ImageName:flashCHIP
Created:WedOct2116:08:492015
ImageType:ARMLinuxScript(uncompressed)
DataSize:736Bytes=0.72kB=0.00MB
LoadAddress:00000000
EntryPoint:00000000
Contents:
Image0:728Bytes=0.71kB=0.00MB
==uploadtheSPLtoSRAMandexecuteit==
waitingforfel...OK
==uploadspl==
==uploaduboot==
==uploadubootscript==
==uploadubi==
100%[============================================================]
==executethemainubootbinary==
==writeubi==
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flashing...........................OK
login...OK
password...OK
poweroff...OK
FAILURE
Thereareacouplecommonerrorsthatoccurwhenflashing.
ThefirstisathatCHIPisnotin fel mode,readytoreceivefirmware.Therearethreepossiblereasonsforthis:*Youalreadysuccessfully
flashedCHIP,andhaventdisconnectedtheUSBcablefromyourcomputer.*ThejumperwirebetweenPins7&39iseithernotpresent,
loose,orthejumperisinthewrongholes.*ThereisaproblemwiththeUSBcable.
Youllknowthisistheproblemwhenyouseethiserrorintheterminalwindow:
==uploadtheSPLtoSRAMandexecuteit==
ERROR:AllwinnerUSBFELdevicenotfound!
==uploadimages==
ERROR:AllwinnerUSBFELdevicenotfound!
ERROR:AllwinnerUSBFELdevicenotfound!
ERROR:AllwinnerUSBFELdevicenotfound!
ERROR:AllwinnerUSBFELdevicenotfound!
==executethemainubootbinary==
ERROR:AllwinnerUSBFELdevicenotfound!
Theothercommonerroristhatyouneedtorunthechip-update-firmware.shscriptwithsudo(oryouneedtoaddarulesfileasdescribedin
thenextsection).Thiserrorlookslikethisinyourterminalwindow:
Image0:848Bytes=0.83kB=0.00MB
==uploadtheSPLtoSRAMandexecuteit==
ERROR:Youdon'thavepermissiontoaccessAllwinnerUSBFELdevice
==uploadimages==
ERROR:Youdon'thavepermissiontoaccessAllwinnerUSBFELdevice
ERROR:Youdon'thavepermissiontoaccessAllwinnerUSBFELdevice
ERROR:Youdon'thavepermissiontoaccessAllwinnerUSBFELdevice
ERROR:Youdon'thavepermissiontoaccessAllwinnerUSBFELdevice
==executethemainubootbinary==
ERROR:Youdon'thavepermissiontoaccessAllwinnerUSBFELdevice
Asadeveloper,theresagoodchanceyoullflashCHIPmorethanonceinyourlife.Youllprobablywanttofollowthesesteps.Inordertobe
abletorunthechip-update-firmware.shscriptwithoutsudo,makearulesfile:
sudotouch/etc/udev/rules.d/99allwinner.rules
andaddthecontentwiththeteecommand:
echo'SUBSYSTEM=="usb",ATTRS{idVendor}=="1f3a",ATTRS{idProduct}=="efe8",GROUP="plugdev",MODE="0660"SYMLINK+="usbchip"'|sudotee/etc/udev/rules.d/99allwinner.rules
then,tomakethisrulesfilework: shellsudoudevadmcontrolreloadrules
ComputerrunningUbuntu14.04+
Jumperwire
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CHIP
INSTALL DEPENDENCIES
Installsometools:
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstalluboottoolsandroidtoolsfastbootgitbuildessentialcurlandroidtoolsfsutilslibusb1.00devpkgconfig
Ifyougetanerrorthattherepositoryandroid-tools-fastbootcantbefound,youareprobablybootingfromanUbuntuLiveCD(orUSB
stick).Youllneedtoaddarepositorysoyoucaninstalltheandroid-tools-fastboot:
sudoaddaptrepositoryuniverse&&sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstalluboottoolsandroidtoolsfastbootgitbuildessentialcurlandroidtoolsfsutilslibusb1.00devpkgconfig
Ifyouintendtocustomizebuildrootwithadditionalsoftware,installthesepackages:
sudoaptgetinstalllibncurses5devlibc6i386lib32stdc++6lib32z1
Getandmakethefeltools:
gitclonehttp://github.com/NextThingCo/sunxitools
cdsunxitools
make
sudormf/usr/local/bin/fel
sudolns$PWD/fel/usr/local/bin/fel
ClonetheCHIP-toolsrepository
cd..
gitclonehttp://github.com/NextThingCo/CHIPtools
cdCHIPtools
IfyouhavealreadyclonedtheCHIP-toolsfromapreviousCHIPflashing,youcan,ofcourse,justupdateyourexistingrepository
cdCHIPtools
gitpullhttp://github.com/NextThingCo/CHIPtools
Youllalsoneedtoaddyourusertosomegroupsandaddaudevrule shellsudousermodaGdialout$(logname)&&sudousermodaGplugdev
$(logname)&&'SUBSYSTEM=="usb",ATTRS{idVendor}=="1f3a",ATTRS{idProduct}=="efe8",GROUP="plugdev",MODE="0660"SYMLINK+="usbchip"SUBSYSTEM=="usb",
ATTRS{idVendor}=="18d1",ATTRS{idProduct}=="1010",GROUP="plugdev",MODE="0660"SYMLINK+="usbchipfastboot"SUBSYSTEM=="usb",ATTRS{idVendor}=="1f3a",
ATTRS{idProduct}=="1010",GROUP="plugdev",MODE="0660"SYMLINK+="usbchipfastboot"SUBSYSTEM=="usb",ATTRS{idVendor}=="067b",
ATTRS{idProduct}=="2303",GROUP="plugdev",MODE="0660"SYMLINK+="usbserialadapter"'|sudotee/etc/udev/rules.d/99allwinner.rules&&sudoudevadm
controlreloadrules
NowyouarereadytoflashCHIPwithfirmware.
ALL THE COMMANDS AT ONCE
Heresallthecommandsinoneplace:
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstalluboottoolsandroidtoolsfastbootgitbuildessentiallibusb1.00devlibncurses5devlibc6i386lib32stdc++6lib32z1androidtoolsfsutils
gitclonehttp://github.com/NextThingCo/sunxitools
cdsunxitools
make
sudormf/usr/local/bin/fel
sudolns$PWD/fel/usr/local/bin/fel
cd..
gitclonehttp://github.com/NextThingCo/CHIPtools
cdCHIPtools
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WiFi Connection
BelowaredetailedinstructionsforconnectingtoWi-Finetworksusingtwodifferentcommandlineprotocols: nmcli and connman .Ifyouare
usingtheCHIPOSthatcomesinstalledonCHIP,oryouhaveflashedwithourDebiandistribution,youllwanttousethefirstsectionabout
connectingwith nmcli .IfyouhaveflashedCHIPwithourbuildrootOS,youllneedtouse connman .
CONNECTING C.H.I.P. TO WI-FI WITH NMCLI
ThereareseveraltoolsinLinuxforconnectingandconfiguringnetworks.Wewillbeusingthecommandnmcli(NetworkManagerClient).You
mayseeothertutorialsthatreferenceiworiwconfig,however,thesetoolsarenotrecommendedforC.H.I.P.Youcanreadmoreaboutnmcli
ontheinternet.
REQUIREMENTS
Youwillneedoneofthesescenarios:
CHIPwithmonitorandkeyboardattached
SSHorserialconnection
Wirelessaccesstointernet
CHIPloadedwithCHIPOSorDebian
STEP 1: LIST AVAILABLE WI-FI NETWORKS
Intheterminal,type
nmclidevicewifilist
Theoutputwilllistavailableaccesspoints
*SSIDMODECHANRATESIGNALBARSSECURITY
*NextThingHQInfra1154Mbit/s100
NextThingShopInfra654Mbit/s30___WPA1WPA2
2WIRE533Infra1054Mbit/s44__WPA1WPA2
Youcanconnecttopassword-protectedoropenaccesspoints.
A:NOPASSWORD
Toconnecttoanopennetworkwithnopassword,usethiscommand:
sudonmclidevicewificonnect'(yourwifinetworkname/SSID)'ifnamewlan0
Thesecommandswillrespondwithinformationabouttheconnection.
B:PASSWORDPROTECTED
Toconnecttoapasswordprotectednetwork,usethiscommand,insertingyourownnetworknameandpassword:
sudonmclidevicewificonnect'(yourwifinetworkname/SSID)'password'(yourwifipassword)'ifnamewlan0
C:HIDDENSSIDANDPASSWORDPROTECTED
Toconnecttoahidden,WPA2-passwordprotectednetwork,usethesesetofcommands,insertingyourownnetworknameandpassword:
sudonmcliconaddconname'mywifi'ifnamewlan0typewifissid'(yourwifinetworkname/SSID)'
sudonmcliconmodify'mywifi'wifisec.keymgmtwpapsk
sudonmcliconmodify'mywifi'wifisec.psk'(yourwifipassword)'
sudonmcliconupid'mywifi'
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Youcanverifyandtestyourwirelessnetworkconnection.
VERIFY
Youcanverifyyourconnectionusingthecommand
nmclidevicestatus
whichoutputsalistofthevariousnetworkdevicesandtheirconnections.Forexample,asuccessfulconnectionwouldlooklikethis:
DEVICETYPESTATECONNECTION
wlan0wificonnectedNextThingHQ
wlan1wifidisconnected
ip6tnl0ip6tnlunmanaged
loloopbackunmanaged
sit0situnmanaged
BecauseitisworthknowingthatLinuxoffersmanywaysofdoingthings,anothercommandthatshowsyourcurrentactiveconnectionis
nmcliconnectionshowactive
whichoutputslikeso:
NAMEUUIDTYPEDEVICE
NTC59962bac3441437b94eabf31dee66e8f80211wirelesswlan0
Afteryouhaveconnectedonce,yourC.H.I.P.willautomaticallyconnecttothisnetworknexttimeyoureboot(orstartNetworkManager
services).
TEST
resultsinoutputlike:
64bytesfrom8.8.8.8:icmp_seq=1ttl=55time=297ms
64bytesfrom8.8.8.8:icmp_seq=2ttl=55time=26.3ms
64bytesfrom8.8.8.8:icmp_seq=3ttl=55time=24.8ms
64bytesfrom8.8.8.8:icmp_seq=4ttl=55time=55.7ms
YoucanstopthiscommandbypressingCTRL-Conyourkeyboard.The c4 optionmeansitwillhappenonly4times.
Congratulations!YouarenownetworkwithCHIP!
STEP 4: DISCONNECTING AND FORGETTING NETWORKS
Thecommandtodisconnectfromawirelessdeviceneedsafewparameters:
sudonmclidevdisconnectwlan0
Youmaywanttopreventauto-connectiontoanetwork,soyoucanusethiscommandtoforgetanetwork:
sudonmcliconnectiondeleteid(yourwifinetworkname/SSID)
TROUBLESHOOTING
Hereareafewpossibleproblemswithconnections.
NONETWORKFOUND
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Notmuchtosayaboutthat.Iftheresnonetwork,youcantconnect.Gofindanetwork!
INCORRECTPASSWORD
Ifyoutypeinthewrongpassword,youllgetsomeerrorslikethis:
[32258.690000]RTL871X:rtw_set_802_11_connect(wlan0)fw_state=0x00000008
[32258.800000]RTL871X:startauth
[32263.720000]RTL871X:rtw_set_802_11_connect(wlan0)fw_state=0x00000008
[32263.820000]RTL871X:startauth
[32264.430000]RTL871X:authsuccess,startassoc
[32269.850000]RTL871X:rtw_set_802_11_connect(wlan0)fw_state=0x00000008
[32269.970000]RTL871X:startauth
Error:Timeout90secexpired.
Tryconnectingagainwiththecorrectpassword.
FAILEDPING
Ifyoudonthaveaccesstotheinternet,yourpingtoanoutsideIPwillfail.Itispossiblethatyoucanconnecttoawirelessnetwork,buthave
noaccesstotheinternet,soyoudseeaconnectionwhenyourequestdevicestatus,buthaveafailedping.Thisindicatesaproblemor
restrictionwiththerouterortheaccesspoint,notaproblemwiththeCHIP.
Afailedpinglookssomethinglike:
From192.168.2.56icmp_seq=14DestinationHostUnreachable
From192.168.2.56icmp_seq=15DestinationHostUnreachable
From192.168.2.56icmp_seq=16DestinationHostUnreachable
18packetstransmitted,0received,+9errors,100%packetloss,time17013ms
pipe4
LOSSOFWIRELESSNETWORK
Asudden,unplanneddisconnectionwillpostanerrorintheterminalwindow,forexample:
[30863.880000]RTL871X:linked_status_chk(wlan0)disconnectorroaming
TheNetworkManagerwillperiodicallytrytoreconnect.Iftheaccesspointisrestored,youllgetsomethinglikethisinyourterminalwindow:
[31798.970000]RTL871X:rtw_set_802_11_connect(wlan0)
[31799.030000]RTL871X:startauth
[31799.040000]RTL871X:authsuccess,startassoc
[31799.050000]RTL871X:rtw_cfg80211_indicate_connect(wlan0)BSSnotfound!!
[31799.060000]RTL871X:assocsuccess
NMCLINOTINSTALLEDERROR
CHIPrunningbuildrootOS
Oneofthefollowing:
KeyboardandmonitorforCHIP
SerialconnectiontoCHIP
STEP 1: ENABLE WIFI AND FIND A NETWORK
Thesethreecommandswill,inturn,enablewifi,scanforaccesspoints,andseewhatnetworksareavailable:
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connmanctlenablewifi
connmanctlscanwifi
connmanctlservices
Unfortunately,connmandoesntusethenicenameontheleftoftheserviceslist.Itwantstheunfriendlystringontheright,soyoullwantto
getcopyandpasteready.
A:NOPASSWORD
Ifyournetworkisnotpasswordprotected,youllgetsomeoutputthatwillindicateasuccessfulconnection,suchas:
[961.780000]RTL871X:rtw_set_802_11_connect(wlan0)fw_state=0x00000008
[962.070000]RTL871X:startauth
[962.080000]RTL871X:authsuccess,startassoc
[962.090000]RTL871X:rtw_cfg80211_indicate_connect(wlan0)BSSnotfound!!
[962.100000]RTL871X:assocsuccess
[962.110000]RTL871X:sendeapolpacket
[962.290000]RTL871X:sendeapolpacket
[962.300000]RTL871X:setpairwisekeycamid:4,addr:0a:18:d6:97:2d:26,kid:0,type:AES
[962.320000]RTL871X:setgroupkeycamid:5,addr:0a:18:d6:97:2d:26,kid:1,type:AES
Ifyournetworkispasswordprotected,youllgetanerror.
B:PASSWORD-PROTECTED
whichgivesaconnmanctlprompt:
connmanctl>
Intheshell,turnthe'agentonsoitcanprocesspasswordrequests:
agenton
andnowusetheconnectcommand(yournetworknamewillbedifferentthanwhatsbelowofcourse)
connectwifi_7cc70905cd77_4e5443_managed_psk
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andenteryourpasswordwhenprompted:
AgentRequestInputwifi_7cc70905cd77_4e5443_managed_psk
Passphrase=[Type=psk,Requirement=mandatory]
Passphrase?
Nowthatyouareconnectedtoawirelessnetwork,youcanexitconnmanctlinteractivemodebytyping
quit
ALLTHECOMMANDSINONEPLACE
Heresallthecommandsinoneplace:
connmanctl
agenton
connectwifi_7cc70905cd77_4e5443_managed_psk
quit
InCHIPscommandline,youcanpingGooglefourtimes:
pingc48.8.8.8
andexpectpingtooutputsometimingmessageslike:
PING8.8.8.8(8.8.8.8):56databytes
64bytesfrom8.8.8.8:seq=0ttl=55time=209.147ms
64bytesfrom8.8.8.8:seq=1ttl=55time=111.125ms
64bytesfrom8.8.8.8:seq=2ttl=55time=183.627ms
64bytesfrom8.8.8.8:seq=3ttl=55time=147.398ms
8.8.8.8pingstatistics
4packetstransmitted,4packetsreceived,0%packetloss
roundtripmin/avg/max=111.125/162.824/209.147ms
Ifyourconnectionisnotsuccessful,thenpingwilltellyouyournetworkisdown:
PING8.8.8.8(8.8.8.8):56databytes
ping:sendto:Networkisunreachable
TROUBLESHOOTINGCONNECTIONPROBLEMS
Youllneedtomakesureyouusedtherightnetworkwhenyouusedtheconnectcommnand.
Reviewanymessagesthattheconnectcommnandgaveyou.Didtheylookliketheexamplesofasuccessfulconnection?
Ifeverythingcheckedoutuntilyougotto ping ,theresagoodchancetheproblemiswithyourrouterorconnectiontotheinternet.
CONNMANNOTINSTALLEDERROR
Todisconnectfromyournetwork,youmightfirstwantareminderofwhatunfriendlystringisusedtodescribeyouraccesspoint,sotype:
connmanctlservices
whichwilloutputinformationaboutyourcurrentlink:
*AONTCwifi_7cc70905cd77_4e5443_managed_psk
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UsetheIDtodisconnect:
connmanctldisconnectwifi_7cc70905cd77_4e5443_managed_psk
andyoullgetsomestatuslikethis:
[301.890000]RTL871X:clearkeyforaddr:0a:18:d6:97:2d:26,camid:4
[301.900000]RTL871X:clearkeyforaddr:0a:18:d6:97:2d:26,camid:5
[301.920000]IPv6:ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP):wlan0:linkisnotready
Disconnectedwifi_7cc70905cd77_4e5443_managed_psk
Youcandeleteasingleconnectionbyseeingwhatconnectionsarestored
ls/var/lib/connman/
andthendeleteasetupthatyoufind,forexample
rmrwifi_7cc70905cd77_4e5443_managed_psk
Youcandeleteallthewifidirectorieswith
rmrwifi*
Itsworthnotingthatyoullseetwowirelessnetworkinginterfacesifyoulistthemwith
ifconfig
connman isconfiguredtoseeonlythephysicalinterfacewlan0whichsimplifiessetup.Wedothiswithablacklist,whichcanbemodifiedat
/etc/connman/main.conf
CHIP
ASSHorserialconnectiontoCHIPor
Monitorandkeyboard
HeadphonesorpoweredspeakersconnectedtoCHIPa/vjack
AConnectiontotheinternet
SETUP CHIP
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Updateyouraptrepositorylistifyouhaventdonesorecently:
sudoaptgetupdate
TheninstallALSA:
sudoaptgetinstalllibasound2alsautils
Thiswillinstallalsaandsomeutilitiesforplayingsoundfromthecommandline.Oncethosehaveinstalled,youllneedtomaketheoutputs
activeforsound
alsamixer
willopenupasimpleinterface.Usetheleftandrightarrowkeysonyourkeyboardtoselectamongtheitems,andusetheup/downkeysto
changetheoptions:
DACOutput-settoDirect
LeftMixer-settoLeft
PA-settodesiredvolume
RightMixer-settoRight
PLAY A SOUND
Changetotherootmediadirectory:
cd/media
Alternatively,youcoulddownloadasoundintochipshomedirectory:
mkdir/home/chip/Media&&cd/home/chip/Media
Ifwgetreturnscommandnotfoundyoucaninstallit:
sudoaptgetinstallwget
WecanfinallyplaythesoundandhearitoverCHIPsheadphonejack:
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aplaytest.wav
Ifyouwanttoplaymp3oroggfiles,youcaninstallmplayer:
sudoaptgetinstallmplayer
Thentryanoggfile:
wgetOtest.ogghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Agogo.ogg&&
mplayertest.ogg
Andmp3file:
wgetOtest.mp3http://www.freesound.org/data/previews/315/315618_2050105lq.mp3&&
mplayertest.mp3
RECORD A SOUND
Ifyouwanttotrytheaudioinput,youneedtoconnectaudioinputtoheaderU14,pins06&12ormodifyCHIPtouseaudioinontheTRRS
connector.OnceyouhaveanaudiosignalgoingintoCHIP,youcantestitoutbyrecordingathreesecond( d3 )WAVfilewitharecord:
arecordfcdd3Dhw:0,0chipaudioin.wav
MORE PACKAGES
Developersthatwanttousesoundwillprobablywanttodownloadthesepackages:
sudoaptgetinstallportaudio19dev&&
sudoaptgetinstallswig&&
sudoaptgetinstallpythonsetuptools&&
sudoaptgetinstallpythondev
USBthumbdriveorharddrive
ComputerrunningOSX10.10+,Ubuntu14.04+,orWindows7+(toformatUSBdevice,ifneeded)
STEP 1: FORMAT THE DRIVE
First,youllwanttoformatthedriveasanMS-DOS(FAT),NTFS,orext3volume.Youcandothisonanothercomputer.
Onceformatted,insertthedriveintoCHIPsUSBport.Enterthecommand
dmesg
Youllgetoutputlike:
[4953.430000]usb11:newhighspeedUSBdevicenumber2usingehciplatform
[4953.580000]usbstorage11:1.0:USBMassStoragedevicedetected
[4953.590000]scsihost0:usbstorage11:1.0
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[4954.590000]scsi0:0:0:0:DirectAccessUSBFlashMemory1.00PQ:0ANSI:2
[4954.600000]sd0:0:0:0:[sda]3911616512bytelogicalblocks:(2.00GB/1.86GiB)
[4954.610000]sd0:0:0:0:[sda]WriteProtectisoff
[4954.620000]sd0:0:0:0:[sda]ModeSense:65440930
[4954.630000]sd0:0:0:0:[sda]NoCachingmodepagefound
[4954.630000]sd0:0:0:0:[sda]Assumingdrivecache:writethrough
[4954.650000]sda:sda1
[4954.650000]sd0:0:0:0:[sda]AttachedSCSIremovabledisk
Noticethesecondtolastline.Thistellsyouthedevicelocationforthedrive.Storagedevicesgenerallyhavedevicenamesthatstartwithsd.
IfyouwanttoseeallthestoragedevicesattachedtoCHIP,youcanuseawildcardtodisplayalldevicesthatstartwithsd:
ls/dev/sd*
andyoullgetsomethinglike:
/dev/sda/dev/sda1
Withonethumbdriveattached,itappearsastwodevices:thedeviceitself(sda),andthestoragepartitions(sda1).Thereisonlyonepartition
onthisdrive.
Anotherwaytofindstoragedevicesisthecommand
blkid
whichliststhem,alongwiththenamesyoumighthaveinitializedthemwith:
/dev/sda1:LABEL="TEST"UUID="666811E9"
Nowthatyouknowwhereyourpartitionis,itstimetomountthepartitionsoyoucanaccessthefiles.
First,makeadirectorywhereyourdrivecanmount:
sudomkdir/drives
Mountthedrivedevicetoyour/drivesdirectory:
sudomount/dev/sda1/drives
IfyouwanttoremovethedrivefromtheUSBportonCHIP,itsbesttounmountit:
sudoumount/dev/sda1
Youllprobablywanttomountthisdriveautomaticallynexttimeyouuseit,though.Wecansetthatupwithaquickmodificationtothe fstab
(filesystemtable)document:
vi/etc/fstab
Gettingaroundviisnotveryintuitive.Ifyouarenewtoit,heresaquickguideongettingthistextintothefstabdocument:*'arrowkeyto
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theendofthefile,*pressthe'ikeytoinserttext*type(orcopy-paste)this:
/dev/sda1/drivesvfatdefaults00
Toexitvi,*pressthe'esckey,*type:(colon),*type'wqtowriteandquitvi.
Youcantestyourworkwith:
mounta
Now,ifyoureboot,thedrivewillmountautomatically.Ifyouremovethedrive,theninsertitagain,youllneedthecommand
mounta
CHIP
SSHorserialconnectiontoCHIPor
Monitorandkeyboard
Bluetoothdevice,preferablykeyboard
IMPORTANT!
BLUETOOTHCTL
whichisalistofMACaddressesofCHIPsBluetoothcontrollerchip(thefirstline)andanyotherdevicesthathavebeenpairedwithCHIPin
thepast.Usethe help command-itlistsalltheveryusefulcommandsinthe bluetoothctl interactivemode.
InBluetoothinteractivemode,usethecommand
poweron
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whichoutputs
Changingpoweronsucceeded
[CHG]Controller7C:C7:08:05:CD:77Powered:yes
Ifyouneedtodiscoveradevice,startthescanprocess:
scanon
whichwillstartprintingMACaddressesandnames(ifavailable)ofBluetoothdevicesinyourvicinity.
[NEW]Device15:03:26:A0:26:26SK032B022626
[NEW]Device1C:1A:C0:85:5E:2C1C1AC0855E2C
[NEW]Device60:33:4B:13:A7:45nyb
Thismayfailifthedeviceispoweredoff,goesoutofrange,oryourtoddlerspillswateronit.Hereswhatfailurelookslike:
Attemptingtopairwith1C:1A:C0:85:5E:2C
[CHG]Device1C:1A:C0:85:5E:2CConnected:yes
[CHG]Device1C:1A:C0:85:5E:2CConnected:no
Failedtopair:org.bluez.Error.AuthenticationCanceled
Asthescancontinues,youlleventuallyseethedeviceyouareinterestedin,socopythatMACaddressandtype:
pair15:03:26:A0:26:26
withoutputlike:
[CHG]Device15:03:26:A0:26:26Connected:yes
[CHG]Device15:03:26:A0:26:26Modalias:usb:v05ACp3232d0001
[CHG]Device15:03:26:A0:26:26UUIDs:
0000112400001000800000805f9b34fb
0000120000001000800000805f9b34fb
[CHG]Device15:03:26:A0:26:26Paired:yes
Pairingsuccessful
[CHG]Device15:03:26:A0:26:26Connected:no
PairwithaBluetoothDevicewithPassword(keyboard)
SomeBluetoothdevicesneeduserinputtopair.Inthatcase,youllneedtoturntheagent'onsothedevicecanpostapassword,andyou
canenterit:
agenton
willoutput
Agentregistered
nowyoucanpairit:
pairDC:2C:26:D7:B6:8F
willoutput
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AttemptingtopairwithDC:2C:26:D7:B6:8F
[CHG]DeviceDC:2C:26:D7:B6:8FConnected:yes
[agent]PINcode:245261
NowyoucanusetheBluetoothdevicetoenterthePINcode,thenhitenter.Theterminalwillgivesomestatusaboutthepairing:
[CHG]DeviceDC:2C:26:D7:B6:8FModalias:usb:v05ACp022Cd011B
[CHG]DeviceDC:2C:26:D7:B6:8FUUIDs:
0000100000001000800000805f9b34fb
0000112400001000800000805f9b34fb
0000120000001000800000805f9b34fb
[CHG]DeviceDC:2C:26:D7:B6:8FPaired:yes
Pairingsuccessful
[CHG]DeviceDC:2C:26:D7:B6:8FConnected:no
Nowthatyouarepaired,youwillhavetoconnect.
CONNECT WITH A BLUETOOTH DEVICE
NowthatyouhavepairedtheBluetoothdevice,youwonthavetodothatagain.However,thedevicestillneedstobeconnected:
connect15:03:26:A0:26:26
willoutput,whensuccessful:
Attemptingtoconnectto15:03:26:A0:26:26
[CHG]Device15:03:26:A0:26:26Connected:yes
Connectionsuccessful
[bluetooth]##[1405.340000]hidgeneric0005:05AC:3232.0001:unknownmainitemtag0x0
[1405.360000]input:SK032B022626as/devices/platform/soc@01c00000/1c28c00.serial/tty/ttyS1/hci0/hci0:4/0005:05AC:3232.0001/input/input1
[1405.380000]hidgeneric0005:05AC:3232.0001:input:BLUETOOTHHIDv0.01Mouse[SK032B022626]on7c:c7:08:05:cd:77
or,ifthedeviceisnotavailable,itwillfail:
Attemptingtoconnectto15:03:26:A0:26:26
[bluetooth]##[1304.470000]Bluetooth:HIDP(HumanInterfaceEmulation)ver1.2
[1304.480000]Bluetooth:HIDPsocketlayerinitialized
Failedtoconnect:org.bluez.Error.Failed
TROUBLESHOOTING
IfyourBluetoothcontrollermoduleonCHIPisnotfunctioning,youcaneasilyfindtheproblem.Type
bluetoothctl
togetintotheinteractivemode,thentype
poweron
Ifyougettheresponse
Nodefaultcontrolleravailable
ThentheresaproblemwithCHIPrecognizingtheBluetoothmodule.Readtheveryfirstinstructionsatthetopofthistutorial.
Install X-windows
IfyouwantawindoweddesktoponC.H.I.P.,youcaninstallX-Windows.
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REQUIREMENTS
CHIPconnectedtoWiFi
MonitorattachedtoCHIP
KeyboardorSerialorSSHConnectiontoCHIP
INSTALLATION (XFCE4)
CHIPisalightweightcomputer,sowellinstallthelightweightxfce4:
sudoaptgetinstallxfce4
Itmighttakesometimetodownloadandinstallallthepackages,sincetherearealotofdependenciesandlibrariesinvolved.Onceinstalled,
startthewindowingsystemwiththecommand
startx&
NowyoucanuseamouseandkeyboardtoexploreCHIPandlaunchprograms.
TROUBLESHOOTING
Ifyougeterrorsfromaptthatreportunmetdependencies,youcanrunthecommand
sudoaptgetinstallf
whichwillforceinstallationofanyalternateormissingdependenciesofanyinstalledpackages.
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First,downloadandun-archivethesourcefromMillerPucketteswebsite:
wgethttp://msp.ucsd.edu/Software/pd0.467.src.tar.gz
gzipdpd0.467.src.tar.gz
tarxvfpd0.467.src.tar
INSTALL DEPENDENCIES
Now,youllneedtoinstallallthedependenciesandmakeasymboliclinktowish:
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstalllibasound2alsautilsmplayersoftwarepropertiescommongitautoconflibtoolmakebuildessentialgettextportaudio19devjacklibasounddevqjackctljackd2tcl8.6tk8.6
sudoaptgetbuilddeppuredata
sudolns/usr/bin/wish8.6/usr/bin/wish
Navigatetothepddirectorythearchivecreated:
cdpd0.467
BUILD IT
Yourereadytogoaheadandbuild,runningsomescripts,thenmakingtheinstall:
cd~/pd0.467/
./autogen.sh
./configuredisableportaudiodisableportmidinorecursion
make
sudomakeinstall
Youllprobablyalsowanttheextraobjectssuchasexpr,expr~,clone,fiddle~,bonk~,bob~,sigmund~,etal.Theserequireanextrabuild
step.Theextrafolderisin pd0.467/extra ,soifyouarestillin src/ youcan
cd../extra
makeinstall
Youllprobablyalsowanttoinstallthedekenpluginsoyoucanaddmoreexternalstoyourbagoftricks:https://github.com/pure-data/deken
Ivealsofoundthiskioskplugintobeveryhandyformakingapuredatawidowtakeuptheentirescreen:
https://puredata.info/downloads/kiosk-plugin
SET UP PRIORITY
Navigatetotheendofthefile(CTL-V)andaddthelines
@audiortprio99
@audiomemlockunlimited
ThenrebootCHIP:
sudoreboot
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TEST PD
Nowtestpdwithatestpatch.Openaterminalandusethiscommand,whichshouldresultinasinewave:
wgethttp://log.liminastudio.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/06/testPatch.pd_.zip
unziptestPatch.pd_.zip
pdrtnoguinoadcalsatestPatch.pd
IfyouneedtotestoutamidicontrollertomakesuredataiscomingintoCHIP,youcandothisfromtheterminal.Youllwanttolistthe
connecteddevices,ifnotjusttogettheportnameasALSAseesit.
amidil
Exampleoutputmightlooklike shellDirDeviceNameIOhw:1,0,0DS1MIDI1
YoucanthenusethecommandtodisplayMIDIdatabytes(inhex)intheterminalwindow:
amidiphw:1,0,0d
Movingafadermightprovideoutputlike:
B0291D
B02920
B02924
B02929
B0292E
B02932
B02937
B0293A
B0293C
UNINSTALL
Ifyouneedtoremovepd,ittakesafewsteps:
sudoaptgetremovepuredatacore
sudoaptgetremovepuredatadevpuredataimportpuredatautils
sudoaptgetpurgepuredatacore
sudoaptgetinstallaptitudewgetunzip
sudoaptgetautoremove
RUN PD
StartPDfromtheterminalwiththecommand
pdrt&
YoucanthenusethemouseandkeyboardtogothroughtheBrowserandlearnmoreaboutPD.
REFERENCES
Herearesomereferencelinks
realtimeprioritymode
lowlatencyalsa
puredataonsourceforge
pdextendedonRPi
Headless CHIP
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OneofthemostamazingfeaturesofCHIPisthatitsinsanelysimpletouseitassmall,wirelesscomputer.Lowpowerrequirements,battery
poweredwithchargemanagement,andbothWiFiandBluetoothconnectivitymakesCHIPeasytorunasaheadless,autonomousmachine.
Ofcourse,youllstillwanttoaccessitandcontrolitwithoutamonitororkeyboard.YoucancontrolCHIPwithanothercomputerandaserial
ornetworkconnection.Hereshowyoudothis.
BEGIN
IfyouwanttouseCHIPwithoutamonitororkeyboardattached,theresafewwaystodothis:
SerialconnectionwithUSBtoUARTcable
SerialconnectionwithUSBcable
SecureShell(SSH)overwirelessorwiredethernet
REQUIREMENTS
ComputerrunningOSX10.10+,Ubuntu14.04+,orWindows7+
CHIP
Monitorandkeyboard(somewhatoptional,thoughhandy)
Connectiontotheinternet
SSH
SSH(orSecureShell)isacommonwaytocontrolacomputerremotelyoveranetwork.Youllneedtofirstgetyourcomputersnetwork
nameorIPaddressbeforeyoucanconnect.
HOW TO GET YOUR IP ADDRESS.
TheeasiestwaytogetCHIPsIPaddressistohookupamonitorandkeyboard.Bootup,login,connecttothenetworkifyouneedto,anduse
thecommand
hostnamei
whichresultsinyourIPaddress,whichmightlooklikethis:
10.1.1.99
NowthatyouknowyourIPaddress,usethecommand:
sshroot@10.1.1.99
Youmaywanttosetupyournetworksoitwillalwaysprovidethesame(static)IPaddresstoCHIP.YoucanthenrelyonCHIPalwayshaving
thesameIPaddress.
Alternatively,youcansetupzeroconfigurationnetworkingtogiveyourCHIPaneasilyrememberedname.
YouarenowfreetodowhateveritisyoudowithLinuxcommandlineonCHIP.
USB TO UART SERIAL CONNECTION
Thereareafewreasonsyoudwanttouseaserialconnection:
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Nowirelessnetwork
NoUSB-ethernetcable
DontknowtheIPornetworknameofCHIP
Youreold-schoolandlikeit
ConnectaUSBtoUARTcabletotheGround(GND),Transmit(TX),andRecieve(RX)pinsonCHIP
WellfindthoseonheaderU14,pinouts1,3and5.Seethefollowingdiagram,whichassumesCHIPsUSBportsarepointedup
Ifyouneedaconnector,searchyourfavoriteshopforUSBtoUARTcable-anywilldo.
Herestheonewebought.MostofthemwillhaveaUSBAplugforyourcomputerononeendandfourwires(red,green,black,andwhite)
withfemaleheaderpinsontheother.
YoumayfindotherUSB-UARTcablesthathavemorewires.Therewillbesomelabelsthatwillhelpyouconnecttothecorrectpins(GND,TX,
RX)onterminalU14.Justbesuretocheckyourdatasheetstomakesureyoureusingthecorrectpins.
INSTALL THE DRIVER
Forthistutorial,weareusingaPL2303USBtoSerialcable.Ifyouareusingthisonetoo,youllprobablyneedtoinstallthePL2303driverfor
yourcomputer.
CONNECT THE CABLE
Youonlyneedtoworryaboutthreeofthewires:
Black=Ground(GND)
White=Transmit(TX)
Green=Receive(RX)
Theredwirecarriesvoltage(+5V).DONOTUSETHEREDONE.Pluggingina+5VpincoulddamageyourCHIP
Again,thereisachanceyourUSBtoUARTcablemaybedifferent.Pleasecheckyourdatasheets!
Thisiswhatourcablelookslikepluggedin:
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SimplerthantheUARTcable,youcanconnecttoCHIPwithaUSBcabletoyourcomputer.YourcomputerwillseeCHIPasaserialdeviceas
wellasprovidepowertotheCHIP.Eitherway,youllbeabletocontinuewiththedirectionsbelow.
CONTROL CHIP USING A SERIAL TERMINAL
OnceyouveconnectedCHIPtoyourcomputerwiththeUARTorUSBcable,openupaterminal.Thereslotsoutthere.Heresafew:
OSX:Zterm, screen (built-intoOSXterminal)
Windows:PuTTyorcygwin
Linux: screen , cu
Nomatterthesoftware,youllneedtosetsomesettingsfortheport(akaconnection).Youllprobablyonlyneedtosetthebaudrate,asthe
otherswillbedefaults:
BaudRate(DataRate):115200
DataBits:8
Parity:none
Stopbits:1
Flowcontrol:none
USING SCREEN
Ifyouareusingscreen,thecommandwilllooksomethinglikethis:
screen/dev/tty.usbserial115200
or
screen/dev/ttyUSB0115200
Whatcomesafterthe/dev/mayvaryamongdifferentsystemsandconnections.Youcannarrowdownthechoicesbyusingthecommand
ls/dev/tty*
tolisttheserialdevices.
NowpowerupCHIP.Youcoulddothisatanytime,butyoullhavethemostreliableexperiencepoweringCHIPafterconnectingtheUSB-UART
wires.Ifyoumaketheserialconnectionafterbootingchip,youllprobablyneedtohit'returnonyourkeyboardafewtimestogetCHIPto
sendsomedatatoyouandprintinyourterminal.
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IfyouareonWindowsusingPuTTy,youllprobablywanttoopenthewindowsDeviceManagertogettheCOMnamefortheserialport.The
devicewontshowupinthePortslistuntilafterthekernelloadsandpresentsthedevice,soitmaytakeaminuteorsobeforeWindows
actuallydetectsit.
InthePuTTyconfigurationpanel,youcannowusetheCOMnametosetitup.Inthiscase,itsCOM4:
PressOpentoopenaterminalwindow,whereyoucanlogintoCHIPwithusernameandpassword chip .
YouarenowfreetodowhateveritisyoudowithLinuxcommandlineonCHIP.
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convenient,ifyouaremovingCHIPtodifferentnetworksthatmightassigndifferentIPaddresses.ThekeytechnologyforthisinLinuxisthe
avahi setoftools.Thereareafewrelatedpackages,butthistutorialisaminimalinstallationtogetitupandrunning.
REQUIREMENTS
CHIP
SSHorserialconnectiontoCHIPor
Monitorandkeyboard
Connectiontotheinternet
INSTALL AVAHI
Gettingavahirunningisextremelysimple.First,installtheavahi-daemon:
sudoaptgetinstallavahidaemon
toinstallthenecessarylibraries.YoumaywanttoconfigurethedaemonwiththisservicefilesoyoucanfindAppleBonjourdevicesfromCHIP
:
sudonano/etc/avahi/services/afpd.service
ThenjustcopyandpastethisXMLintoit:
<?xmlversion="1.0"standalone='no'?><!*nxml*>
<!DOCTYPEservicegroupSYSTEM"avahiservice.dtd">
<servicegroup>
<namereplacewildcards="yes">%h</name>
<service>
<type>_afpovertcp._tcp</type>
<port>548</port>
</service>
</servicegroup>
Thenrestartavahi-daemon:
sudo/etc/init.d/avahidaemonrestart
YoucannowfindthehostnamethatyoucanusetoreachCHIP:
hostname
whichwillprobablyreturnchipasthehostname.
USE ZERO-CONF
FromaterminalonanothercomputeryoucantryaccessingCHIPwiththenetworkname chip.local
sshchip@chip.local
IfyouhavemorethanoneCHIPonthenetwork,oryoujustwanttochangethenamefromchiptofitintoyournetworknamescheme,you
canmodifythehostnamesfile.Openthefileinaneditor:
sudonano/etc/hostname
whereyoullseeasinglewordchip.Justmodifythatline(forexample,changeittobobofettywap)andsavethefile.Youllalsoneedto
modifythehostsfilewhereyoullneedtochangethefirstline 127.0.0.1chip whereyoureplacechipwithyournewusername.
sudonano/etc/hosts
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Finally,togetthisnewnametobroadcastoverthenetworkrestartavahi-daemon:
sudo/etc/init.d/avahidaemonrestart
Youcannowaccesschipwiththenewname:
sshroot@bobofettywap.local
OTHER PACKAGES
Youmaywanttoexploresomeoftheotherfeaturesofavahi,suchasbrowsinganetworkforotherzero-configureenabledcomputers.
Theresapackageyoucaninstall:
sudoaptgetupdate&
sudoaptgetinstallavahiutils
whichgivesyouasetoftoolsforbrowsingthenetwork,suchasthecommand
avahibrowsedlocal_ssh._tcpresolvet
whichwilllistotherzero-configure-enableddevicesonthelocalnetwork.YoucouldsshtoyourMacintoshnamedbananna,forexample
with
sshusername@bananna
Analternativetojustinstallingtheavahi-daemon,youcan
sudoaptgetinstalllibnssmdns
whichinstallssomeothertoolsfornetworknamepropagation.
TROUBLESHOOTING
Ifyourcomputerreturnstheerror
ssh:Couldnotresolvehostnamechip.local:nodenamenorservnameprovided,ornotknown
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ComputerwithUbuntu14.4orWindows7,8,or10
Downloadtherepairtoolhere.
Double-clickontherepairtooliconandfollowtheUbuntusoftwareinstallprocess.Oncetheinstallfinishes,usetheUbuntusearch
tooltofindtheCHIPbootrepairapplication.
Followtheonscreenmessagestocompletetherepairprocess.
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Grabapaperclip(orjumperwire.Heckastrippedmetaltwisttieworks)andbenditsooneendfitsintheFELpin(U14-pin7)andthe
otherendfitsintheGNDpin(U14-pin39).Ifitdontfit,dontforceit!Youwillneedaskinnygaugepaper-clip:ifitstoothickand
youretooassertive,itmaydamagetheheader.
ConnectC.H.I.P.toyourcomputerusingastandard-USBtoUSB-microcable.
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AssoonastherepairtoolsoftwaredetectsthatCHIPisinFELmodeandconnectedbyUSB,theapplicationbeginstherepairprocess.
Therepairtakesmereseconds.
Congratulations,yourC.H.I.P.isnowrepaired.\()//
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FAQs
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FrequentlyAskedQuestions
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onC.H.I.P.usingentirelyopen-sourcesoftware.Thiswouldrequiresomeonetocomeupwithanalternateback-end.Thatsaid,somevery
astutebackershavereportedthatNetflixshouldbepossiblebyinstallingtheGoogleChromebrowser,whichallowsNetflixstreamingvia
HTML5.
Can I connect to composite video AND audio out at the same time?
YES!The1/8"mini(TRRS)jackcanbeusedeitherwithavideo-onlycable,audioonlycable,headphones,headphoneswithmic,ORa
combinedAudio/Videocompositecable.Prettyversatilelittleport,isntit!?
What software does CHIP ship with? What programs can it run?
C.H.I.P.comespre-loadedwithsomeofourfavoriteopen-sourceapplications,andtheabilitytoinstallhundredsmore.Whatsevenmore
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exciting,though,isthatifanygivenprogramisntsupportedoutofthebox,thecommunitycanworktogethertomakeithappen.Thats
whatwe<3aboutOpenSourceSoftware.
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No.Butitdoeshavebuilt-in802.11b/g/nwifi.Butifyoulikewires,youcanuseaUSB-Ethernetconnector.
Is there a command that lets me know more about the CPU and Memory?
Itsacomputer!Itwilltellyouanything.IfyouwanttofindoutmoredetailsaboutCHIPsprocessor,usethecommand:
cat/proc/cpuinfo
Thiswillgiveoutputsimilarto:
processor:0
modelname:ARMv7Processorrev2(v7l)
BogoMIPS:1001.88
Features:halfthumbfastmultvfpedspneonvfpv3tlsvfpd32
CPUimplementer:0x41
CPUarchitecture:7
CPUvariant:0x3
CPUpart:0xc08
CPUrevision:2
Hardware:Allwinnersun4i/sun5iFamilies
Revision:0000
Serial:162542c10c427777
Ifyouwantknowmoreaboutthememory:
cat/proc/meminfo
withoutputsomethinglike:
MemTotal:507108kB
MemFree:298600kB
MemAvailable:382592kB
Buffers:0kB
Cached:92216kB
SwapCached:0kB
Active:98752kB
Inactive:64096kB
Active(anon):73180kB
Inactive(anon):5812kB
Active(file):25572kB
Inactive(file):58284kB
Unevictable:0kB
Mlocked:0kB
HighTotal:0kB
HighFree:0kB
LowTotal:507108kB
LowFree:298600kB
SwapTotal:0kB
SwapFree:0kB
Dirty:0kB
Writeback:0kB
AnonPages:70660kB
Mapped:37768kB
Shmem:8360kB
Slab:22784kB
SReclaimable:11560kB
SUnreclaim:11224kB
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KernelStack:1176kB
PageTables:2240kB
NFS_Unstable:0kB
Bounce:0kB
WritebackTmp:0kB
CommitLimit:253552kB
Committed_AS:615216kB
VmallocTotal:507904kB
VmallocUsed:14560kB
VmallocChunk:482532kB
Troubleshooting
CHIP Wont Boot or Startup
Problem:Iattachedakeyboard,monitor,andpoweredCHIP,butitdoesnotdoanything.TheLEDsareon,butIcantdoanythingwithCHIP!
Fixes:TheinitialbatchofCHIPsshippedwithaproblemintheirNANDflashstorage.Dontworry,thisisasoftwareissue,andwevebuilta
repairtool.
Downloadtherepairtool.
Double-clickontherepairtoolicon.
Followtheonscreenmessagestocompletetherepairprocess.
Problem:MyCHIPbootedfineuntilitgottoloadingthedesktopGUI,thenitshutdown.
Fixes:Thisisusuallytheresultofanunderpoweredpowersupply.Werecommenda5Vpowersupplywithaminimum1Acurrentrating.
YoucanfindthecurrentratingonyourpowersupplysOutput-itshouldread1000mAor1A(orahighernumber).Youmayneeda
magnifyingglasstoreadit,buttheyallshouldhavethisinfoonthelabel!
InsteadofpoweringCHIPusingthemicroUSBport,tryusingtheheaderpinsCHG-IN(U13-2)andGND(U13-1).
AddaLiPobattery.Thisprovidesenoughextracurrentandpowerbuffertopreventthisproblem.
No Video Output
Problem:Monitorisattached,butthereisnovideoonmymonitor
Fixes:Thereareafewpossibleproblemshere
wrongTRRSarrangement:trydifferentendsofyourcable.Makesureissubscribestothisuseofthetip,rings,andsleeve
PALmonitor:CHIPoutputsNTSCformatvideobydefault.Youcanchangethis,however,byfollowingthisguide.
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Videotracecutformicin:Thisisprettyunlikely,butifyouareworkingwithausedCHIP,itmaybethatthetipconnectorhasbeen
switchedtoworkasamicrophoneinput.Beforeyoudofixthiswithabitofsolder,takeacloselookatyourboardtoseeifthereis
evidenceofascoremarkindicatingthecuttrace.
How to Contact Us
Ifyouneedmoresupport,tryourforumsoremailus.
Compliance Statement
FCCID:2AF9F-HELLA1337
IC:20863-HELLA1337
FCC
Thisdevicecomplieswithpart15oftheFCCRules.Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:(1)Thisdevicemaynotcauseharmful
interference,and(2)thisdevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,includinginterferencethatmaycauseundesiredoperation.
Industry Canada
ThisdevicecomplieswithIndustryCanadalicense-exemptRSSstandard(s).Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:
1.Thisdevicemaynotcauseharmfulinterference;
2.Thisdevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,includinginterferencethatmaycauseundesiredoperationofthedevice.
CetappareilestconformeIndustrieCanadaunelicencestandardRSSexonrs(s).Sonfonctionnementestsoumisauxdeuxconditions
suivantes:1.Cetappareilnedoitpasprovoquerd'interfrences2.Cetappareildoitacceptertouteinterfrencereue,ycomprisles
interfrencespouvantprovoquerunfonctionnementindsirabledel'appareil.
Information to User
CAUTION:Changesormodificationsnotexpresslyapprovedforcompliancecouldvoidyourauthoritytooperatethisequipment.
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